1、Designation: D7452 17Standard Test Method forEvaluation of the Load Carrying Properties of LubricantsUsed for Final Drive Axles, Under Conditions of High Speedand Shock Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7452; the number immediately following the designation indicates the y
2、ear oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by l
3、aboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)2services (see Annex A1 Annex A4).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalib
4、rated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such asthe American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory use the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear L
5、ubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test P
6、urchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.Laboratories that
7、 choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils whensubjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test methodis commonly referred to as the L-42 tes
8、t.21.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsSI units are provided for all parametersexcept where there is no d
9、irect equivalent such as the units forscrew threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size,and single source equipment suppliers.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to es
10、tablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warninginformation is given in Sections 4 and 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-izati
11、on established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spiri
12、ts)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 200
13、8. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7452 16. DOI:10.1520/D7452-17.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center(TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of information letters.Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Cen
14、ter, 6555Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, Attention: Administrator. This edition incor-porates revisions in all information Letters through No. 16-1. The TMC is also asource of reference oils.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at s
15、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Un
16、ited StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barrie
17、rs to Trade (TBT) Committee.1(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:4SAE J308 Information Report on Axle and Manual Trans-mission LubricantsSAE J2360 Lubricating
18、 Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric)Military Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 coast side, nthe convex side of the pinion and theconcave side of the ring gear which are in contact duringdeceleration in a forward gear.ASTM Distress Rating Manual 2153.1.2 drive side
19、, nthe concave side of the pinion and theconvex side of the ring gear which are in contact duringacceleration in a forward gear.ASTM Distress Rating Manual 213.1.3 scoring, non the ring and the pinion gear teeth, thedisplacement of metal by local momentary welding from thegear tooth, resulting in th
20、e development of a matt, or frosteddull surface.ASTM Distress Rating Manual 214. Summary of Test Method4.1 Charge a specially prepared light duty hypoid rear axle(Dana Model 44 ASTM Part No. 044AA100-1)6with thelubricant sample to be tested (see 10.1). Mount the axlebetween two load absorbing dynamo
21、meters which are drivenwith a V-8 gasoline engine through a manual transmission.4.2 Condition the test axle with light loads at differentspeed, torque and temperature conditions on both the drive andcoast sides of the gears. (WarningHigh-speed rotatingequipment, electrical shock, high-temperature su
22、rfaces.) Afterconditioning, subject the test axle to high speed and shockloadings at higher temperatures.4.3 Rate the drive and coast side of the pinion and ring gearsat the end of test (EOT) for scoring distress.5. Significance and Use5.1 Final drive axles are often subjected to severe servicewhere
23、 they encounter high speed shock torque conditions,characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. Thissevere service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear andpinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring prop-erties of final drive lubricants.5.2 This test method is used or
24、 referred to in the followingdocuments:5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication1560.75.2.2 SAE J308 and SAE J2360.6. Apparatus6.1 This test method provides a description of essentialapparatus features, including mandatory equipment type andperformance specifications where established.6.2
25、 Test AxleThe test unit consists of a Dana model 44rear axle, 45 to 11 (4.09) ratio, and uncoated gears. (DanaASTM part number 044AA100-1.6See 10.1.)6.3 Cover PlateModify the rear cover plate of the test unitto provide an inspection port and thermocouple fitting. Locatethe thermocouple fitting by us
26、ing the locating fixture shown inFig. A6.1. An optional14 in. NPT (National Pipe Thread) drainfitting may be added.6.4 Axle Shaft AssembleUse a Ford Axle shaft assembly,(Dana Part No. 26762-14X6) or equivalent with this testmethod.6.5 Hinge Plate Stand AssemblyMount and secure the testunit in place
27、on the hinge plate assembly, see Figs. A6.6-A6.9.6.6 Temperature Control SystemThe temperature controlapparatus consists of a thermocouple, a temperature recordingsystem, temperature controller and a cooling system that is ableto maintain lubricant temperature at specified conditions.6.6.1 Thermocou
28、pleInstall the thermocouple such that thethermocouple tip is flush with the cover plate lip by placing thecover plate face on a flat surface and inserting the thermo-couple into the cover plate until the thermocouple tip is flushwith the flat surface. For recording and control of the testlubricant t
29、emperature, use a18 in. (3.2 mm) diameter J or Ktype closed tip style thermocouple.6.6.2 Temperature Recording SystemThroughout the test,ensure the temperature recording system records the tempera-ture of the test oil at a minimum frequency of 1 Hz.6.6.3 Temperature ControllerProportional-Integral-D
30、erivative (PID) type; percent output adjustable.6.6.4 Axle CoolingUse three spray nozzles to distributewater over the cover plate and axle housing as shown in Fig.A6.2. Actuate the water control valve by the temperature PIDcontrol system.6.6.4.1 Depending on how the system is plumbed, use spraynozzl
31、es in any combination of the following part numbers:Straight Male NPT (Part No. 3/8GG-SS22), 90 Male NPT(Part No. 3/8GGA-SS22), Straight Female NPT (Part No.3/8G-SS22), and 90 Female NPT (Part No. 3/8GA-SS22).8,96.6.4.2 Use a single control valve to control the coolingwater supply. The control shall
32、 be a12 in. (12.7 mm) two-way,4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.5Formerly known as CRC Rating Manual, No. 21. Available from the ASTMwebsite, www.astm.org, ASTM Stock No. TMCMNL21.6Parts and Model 44 Maintenance M
33、anual available from Dana Corporation,P.O. Box 2424, Fort Wayne, IN 46801.7API Publication 1560, Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive ManualTransmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles, American Petroleum Institute,Washington, DC.8The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the committe
34、e at this time isSpray Systems Company, and can be purchased through E. I. Pfaff Company, 3443Edwards Road, Suite D, Cincinnati, OH 45208.9If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation a
35、t a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D7452 172C linear trim, air to close, Research Control valve. Use a singlePID loop to maintain the axle lubricant temperature control forboth the Standard and Canadian version test. A separate PIDloop control for each version i
36、s not permitted. See Annex A5.6.6.4.3 Use only38 in. or12 in. (9.5 mm or 12.7 mm) linematerial to the spray nozzles.6.6.4.4 Use a minimum supply water pressure of 25 psig(172 kPa) to the control valve.6.6.4.5 Use an axle containment box as shown in Fig.A6.10. The purpose is to contain water.6.6.4.6
37、Use a locating pin or stop block as an indexingdevice to ensure that all subsequent axle installations areconsistently installed perpendicular with the axle housingcover to engine and transmission drive-shaft centerline.6.7 Torque MeterInclude in the test equipment a torquemeter installed in the dri
38、ve shaft (see Figs. A6.3-A6.5)tomeasure the torque applied to the pinion. Install a Himmelsteininline torque meter Model numbers MCRT28061T(1-4) orMCRT2661TN(1-4)9,10without a foot mount and a range of10 000 lb-in. (1130 Nm) shall be installed to measure piniontorque. Additional suffix letters only
39、indicate allowable op-tions.6.8 Signal ConditioningUse a Himmelstein Models 701or 711 strain gage conditioner for signal conditioning. Set thelow pass cut-off frequency at 10 Hz.6.9 Digital Data Acquisition SystemSystem requires ca-pability of measuring a minimum of five channels at samplingfrequenc
40、ies outlined in Section 10.6.9.1 Do not use hardware or software filtering for thepinion torque channel during data acquisition periods of thetest.6.10 DynamometersTwo axle dynamometers (MidwestDynamatic, Model 3232)9,11with suitable control equipmentcapable of maintaining specified test conditions.
41、6.11 Engine Speed ControlSystem requires a device tomaintain steady state conditions and also provide adjustablethrottle acceleration and deceleration rates to attain specifiedshock loading torques.6.11.1 Throttle Controller SystemUse a Foxboro/JordanController, Model AD7530.9,12Use a power transfor
42、mer fromAcme Electric Corp. PN T-1-81058 or equivalent, primaryvolts 120X240, secondary volts (120 V primary by 240 Vsecondary), 16/32 (13 mm) center tap, 0.500 kVA (0.5 kW) inconjunction with the Foxboro/Jordan Controller.6.12 Connecting ShaftsUse connecting shafts of equallength 61 in. (25.4 mm) a
43、nd less than 30 in. (762 mm) longfrom flange face to flange face. Use a tubing diameter of 3.5 in.6 0.2 in. (88.9 mm 6 5.1 mm) OD, with a wall thickness of0.095 in. 6 0.005 in. (2.41 mm 6 0.13 mm) if tubing isrequired to fabricate the shafts. Ensure the shafts are dynami-cally (spin) balanced and st
44、rong enough to handle torques up to2100 lbf-ft (2847 Nm). Use an operating angle of 0 6 0.5.6.13 Power TrainThe power train consists of a gasolinepowered V-8 GM performance Ramjet 5.7 L marine enginecoupled with a five speed manual transmission capable ofsupplying specified shock loading torques. Th
45、e engine andtransmission operating angle shall be 0 6 0.5.6.13.1 All recommended replacement parts are availablethrough local General Motors dealers. A list of these replace-ment parts are shown in Table 1. Do not make modifications tothe engine that would affect the engines factory displacementor c
46、ompression ratio.6.14 Drive ShaftWelded steel tubing, 3.5 in. 6 0.2 in.(90 mm 6 5.1 mm) outside diameter, 0.095 in. 6 0.005 in.(2.41 mm 6 0.13 mm) wall thickness, 34.5 in. 6 1 in.(880 mm 6 25 mm) long from center weld to center weld. (SeeFigs. A6.3-A6.5.) Dynamically (spin) balance the drive shaftan
47、d torque meter. The operating angle shall be 0 6 0.5.6.14.1 Transmission U-Joint(Spicer 5-178X)13or Neapco2-1435146.14.2 Pinion U-Joint(Spicer 5-153X).6.14.3 Flange YokeConnects transmission yoke throughu-joint to drive shaft.6.14.4 Pinion Drive Shaft Slip YokeConnects the driveshaft through the u-j
48、oint to the axle yoke.6.14.5 Flange AdaptorManufacture flange adapter tospecifications in Figs. A6.4 and A6.5.6.15 Spring PlateManufacture spring plates to specifica-tion as shown in Fig. A6.8.6.16 Spring Plate Rod ConnectionMount a rod connect-ing the spring plate to the gear stand using12 in. (13
49、mm)spherical rod ends. See Figs. A6.6 and A6.7.10The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis S. Himmelstein and Company, 2490 Pembroke Avenue, Hoffman Estates, IL60195.11Available from Dyne Systems, P.O. Box 18 W209 N17391 Industrial Drive,Jackson, WI 53037.12Available from Fox/Jordan, Inc., 5607 West Douglas Avenue, Milwaukee, WI53218.13Available from any local drive shaft supplier.14Available from Neapco, LLC, 6735 Haggerty Rd., Belleville, MI 48111.TABLE 1 Recommended Power Train Replacem
