1、Designation: D8048 17Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-13 Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method is written for use by laboratories that use the portions of the test method that referto ASTM Test Monitoring Cen
3、ter (TMC)2services (see Annex A1).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a
4、calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such asthe American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review Institut
5、e (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operat
6、ing at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard
7、these portions.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating diesel engine oils for oxidation performance char-acteristics in an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculationand running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel.2This test methodis commonly referred to as the Vol
8、vo T-13.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent,such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipm
9、entspecifications.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to u
10、se. See Annex A10 forspecific safety precautions.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by
11、the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour
12、 Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is
13、the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8048 16a. DOI:10.1520/D8048-17.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test m
14、ethod bymeans of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTMTest Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention:Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters throughNo. 16-4.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit th
15、e ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Ba
16、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom
17、mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and
18、 Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method
19、 for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liqui
20、d FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD3524 Test Method for Diesel F
21、uel Diluent in Used DieselEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts b
22、y Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating
23、Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of the AromaticContent and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of DieselFuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical FluidChromatographyD5453 Test Method for Determination of Tota
24、l Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D7
25、039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE178
26、Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 National Archives and Records Administration:4Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 86.310-793. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis i
27、s coded reference oil that issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto
28、 determine the indication or output of adevice (for example, thermometer, manometer, and engine)with respect to that of a standard.3.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is intended to be tested against that specif
29、ication. D41753.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing ofexhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogenoxides (NOx). D41753.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engineoperation, characterized by average speeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to t
30、he potential maximums.D41753.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion enginetypes, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.3.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil.
31、D41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions. D41753.
32、1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested assludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or combination thereof.3.1.11 reference oil, nan oil o
33、f known performancecharacteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D41754Available from U.S. Government Printing
34、Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D8048 1723.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant that does not dra
35、infrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D41753.1.13 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand,using the prescribed equipment in accordance with the require-ments in the test method, and conducted in accordance with thespecified operating conditions.3.1.14 test parameter
36、, na specified component, property,or condition of a test procedure.3.1.14.1 DiscussionExamples of components are fuel,lubricant, reagent, cleaner, and sealer; of properties are density,temperature, humidity, pressure, and viscosity; and of condi-tions are flow rate, time, speed, volume, length, and
37、 power.D41753.1.15 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.16 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, gener-ally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, andresulting from m
38、echanical or chemical action or a combinationof both. D41754. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use of a Volvo/Mack D13/MP8 diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). Awarm-up and a 1 h break-in are followed by a single-phase testconsisting of 360 h at 1500 r/min and fue
39、l flow of 68.0 kg/h.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosityincrease, oxidation, and wear metals content.4.3 Rebuild the engine prior to each test. Disassemble,solvent-clean, measure, and rebuild the engine power sectionusing all new pistons, rings, cylinder liners, and connecting
40、 rodbearings, in strict accordance with furnished specifications.4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn ordefective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories forcontrolling speed, fuel flow, and various engine operatingconditions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This tes
41、t method was developed to evaluate the oxida-tion resistance performance of engine oils in turbocharged andintercooled four-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR andrunning on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. Obtain results fromused oil analysis and component measurements before andafter test.5.2 The
42、test method may be used for engine oil specificationacceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Volvo/Mack D13/MP8, electroni-cally controlled fuel injection with six electronic unit injectors.It is an open-chamber, in-line
43、, six-cylinder, four-stroke,turbocharged, charge air-cooled, and compression ignitionengine.6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relativelyfree of dirt and other contaminants as required by goodlaboratory standards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, andcontrolling humidity in the e
44、ngine buildup area helps preventaccumulation of dirt and other contaminants on engine partsand aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 Test Engine:6.2.1 Volvo T-13 Test EngineThe engine is available fromTEI. A list of test parts to be replaced for each test is shown inTable A6.1. Use
45、test parts on a first-in/first-out basis. Acomplete engine parts list is available from the TMC website.6.2.1.1 The engine should be mounted with the flywheelperpendicular to the floor and tilted 4 toward the intakemanifold side of the engine.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Volvo or Ma
46、ck branded coolant filter,without additives, every test, to limit scaling in the coolingsystem. Pressurize the system at the expansion tank to 103 kPa.Use the coolant described in 7.3.1.6.2.2.2 Remove the thermostat and replace it with a sleeve(P/N 21474103) and seal (P/N 1549651).6.2.2.3 Use a clos
47、ed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-ing system composed of a heat exchanger, reservoir, andwater-out temperature control valve. The system shall preventair entrainment and control jacket temperatures within thespecified limit. Install a sight glass between the engine and thecooling tower to ch
48、eck for air entrainment and uniform flow inan effort to observe and prevent localized boiling.6.2.2.4 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external EGR cool-ing system composed of a heat exchanger, reservoir, andcoolant-out temperature control valve. The system shall pre-vent air entrainment and control j
49、acket temperatures within thespecified limit. Install a sight glass between the EGR coolerand the cooling tower to check for air entrainment and uniformflow in an effort to observe and prevent localized boiling. Thecoolant flow direction is to be parallel (concurrent) with theEGR gas flow.6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System:6.2.3.1 To maintain a constant oil level in the pan, providean additional 9.5 L sump by using a separate closed tankconnected to the sump. Circulate oil through the tank with anauxiliary pump. The system schematic is shown in Fig. A5.1.The
