1、Designation: D8114 17Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on FuelEconomy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks inSequence VIE Spark Ignition1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8114; the number immediately following the designation indicates t
2、he year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use
3、by laboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)3services (see Annex A1 Annex A4).The TMC provides reference oils and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslyca
4、librated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute (API) an
5、d the Gear LubricantReview Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory usethe TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhenc
6、e the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.Labor
7、atories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for themeasurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on thefuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks withgross vehicle weight 3856 kg or
8、less. The tests are conductedusing a specified spark-ignition engine with a displacement of3.6 L (General Motors)4on a dynamometer test stand. Itapplies to multi-viscosity oils used in these applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement a
9、re included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct equivalent suchas the units for screw threads, National Pipe threads/diameters,tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications.Additionally, Brake Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured inkilograms per kilowatt-hour.1.3
10、 This test method is arranged as follows:Subject SectionIntroductionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6General 6.1Test Engine Configuration 6.2Laboratory Ambient Conditions 6.3Engine Speed and Torque Control 6.4Dynamometer 6.4.1Dynamome
11、ter Torque 6.4.2Engine Cooling System 6.5External Oil System 6.6Fuel System 6.7Fuel Flow Measurement 6.7.21This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car En
12、gine Oils.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published June 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D8114-17.2The multi-cylinder engine test sequences were originally developed by anASTM Committee D02 group. Subsequently, the procedures were published in anASTM special technical publication. The Sequence VIB was publ
13、ished as ResearchReport RR:D02-1469, dated April 8, 1999.3Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave.,Pittsb
14、urgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all information Letters through No. 15-1.4Trademark of General Motors Corporation, 300 Renaissance Center, Detroit,MI 48265.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
15、28-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techn
16、ical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to the Fuel Flow Meter 6.7.3Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to Engine Fuel Rail 6.7.4Fuel Supply Pumps 6.7.5Fuel Filtering 6.7.6Engine Intake Air Supply 6.8Intake Air Humidity 6.8.1Intake Air Filtration 6.8.2Intake A
17、ir Pressure Relief 6.8.3Temperature Measurement 6.9Thermocouple Location 6.9.5AFR Determination 6.10Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems 6.11Exhaust Manifolds 6.11.1Laboratory Exhaust System 6.11.2Exhaust Back Pressure 6.11.3Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations 6.12Engine Oil 6.12
18、.2Fuel to Fuel Flow Meter 6.12.3Fuel to Engine Fuel Rail 6.12.4Exhaust Back Pressure 6.12.5Intake Air 6.12.6Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure 6.12.7Coolant Flow Differential Pressure 6.12.8Crankcase Pressure 6.12.9Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus 6.13Test Engine Configuration 6.13.1ECU (
19、Power Control Module) 6.13.2Thermostat Block-Off Adapter Plate 6.13.3Wiring Harness 6.13.4Oil Pan 6.13.5Engine Water Pump Adapter Plate 6.13.6Thermostat Block-Off Plate 6.13.7Oil Filter Adapter Plate 6.13.8Modified Throttle Body Assembly 6.13.9Fuel Rail 6.13.10Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engi
20、ne Operation 6.14Reagents and Materials 7Engine Oil 7.1Test Fuel 7.2Engine Coolant 7.3Cleaning Materials 7.4Preparation of Apparatus 8Test Stand Preparation 8.2Engine Preparation 9Cleaning of Engine Parts 9.3Engine Assembly Procedure 9.4General Assembly Instructions 9.4.1Bolt Torque Specifications 9
21、.4.2Sealing Compounds 9.4.3Harmonic Balancer 9.4.5Thermostat 9.4.6Coolant Inlet 9.4.7Oil Filter Adapter 9.4.8Dipstick Tube 9.4.9Sensors, Switches, Valves, and Positioners 9.4.10Ignition System 9.4.11Fuel Injection System 9.4.12Intake Air System 9.4.13Engine Management System 9.4.14Accessory Drive Un
22、its 9.4.15Exhaust Manifolds 9.4.16Engine Flywheel and Guards 9.4.17Lifting of Assembled Engines 9.4.18Engine Mounts 9.4.19Non-Phased Camshaft Gears 9.4.20Internal Coolant Orifice 9.4.21Calibration 10Stand/Engine Calibration 10.1Procedure 10.1.1Reporting of Reference Results 10.1.2Analysis of Referen
23、ce/Calibration Oils 10.1.3Instrument Calibration 10.2Engine Torque Measurement System 10.2.3Fuel Flow Measurement System 10.2.4Coolant Flow Measurement System 10.2.5Thermocouple and Temperature Measurement System 10.2.6Humidity Measurement System 10.2.7Other Instrumentation 10.2.8Test Procedure 11Ex
24、ternal Oil System 11.1Flush Effectiveness Demonstration 11.2Preparation for Oil Charge 11.3Initial Engine Start-Up 11.4New Engine Break-In 11.5Oil Charge for Break-In 11.5.2Break-In Operating Conditions 11.5.3Standard Requirements for Break-In 11.5.4Routine Test Operation 11.6Start-Up and Shutdown P
25、rocedures 11.6.1Flying Flush Oil Exchange Procedures 11.6.2Test Operating Stages 11.6.3Stabilization to Stage Conditions 11.6.4Stabilized BSFC Measurement Cycle 11.6.5BLB1 Oil Flush Procedure for BL Oil Before Test Run 1 11.6.6BSFC Measurement of BLB1 Oil Before Test Oil Run 2 11.6.7BLB2 Oil Flush P
26、rocedure for BL Oil Before Test Oil 11.6.8BSFC Measurement of BLB2 Oil Before Test Oil 11.6.9Percent Delta Calculation for BLB1 vs. BLB2 11.6.10Test Oil Flush Procedure 11.6.11Test Oil Aging, Phase I 11.6.12BSFC Measurement of Aged (Phase I) Test Oil 11.6.13Test Oil Aging, Phase II 11.6.14BSFC Measu
27、rement of Aged (Phase II) Test Oil 11.6.15Oil Consumption and Sampling 11.6.16Flush Procedure for BL Oil (BLA) After Test Oil 11.6.17General Test Data Logging Forms 11.6.18Diagnostic Review Procedures 11.6.19Determination of Test Results 12Final Test Report 13Precision and Bias 14Keywords 15AnnexesA
28、STM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures Annex A2ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities Annex A3ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information Annex A4Detailed Specifications and Drawings of Apparatus Annex A5Oil Heater Bolton
29、 255 Refill Procedure Annex A6Engine Part Number Listing Annex A7Safety Precautions Annex A8Sequence VIE Test Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A9Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviations Annex A10Determining the Oil Sump Full Level and Consumption Annex A11Fuel Injection Evaluatio
30、n Annex A12Pre-test Maintenance Checklist Annex A13Blow-by Ventilation System Requirements Annex A14Calculation of Test Results Annex A15Calculation of Un-weighted Baseline Shift Annex A16Non-Phased Cam Gear and Position Actuator Installation Annex A17ProcedureProcurement of Test Materials Annex A18
31、AppendixUseful Information AppendixX11.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory lim
32、itations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theD8114 172Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Or
33、ganization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:5D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D240 Test Method
34、for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-drocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D1319 Test Method f
35、or Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline byAtomicAbsorp-tion SpectroscopyD3338 Test Method for Est
36、imation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine
37、 OilsD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engi
38、ne Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD6837 Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automo-tive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars andLight-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIB Spark Ignition En-gineD6894 Test Method for Evaluation ofAeration Resistance ofEngine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged
39、AutomotiveDiesel EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE191 Specification forApparatus For Microdetermination ofCarbon and Hydrogen in Organic and Organo-MetallicCompoundsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of
40、Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 SAE Standards6J304 Engine Oil TestsJ1423 Classification of Energy-Conserving Engine Oil forPassenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks2.3 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System72.4 ANSI Standard:ANSI MC96.1-1975 Temperature MeasurementThe
41、rmocouples83. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air-fuel ratio, nin internal combustion engines, themass ratio of air-to-fuel in the mixture being induced into thecombustion chambers. D41753.1.2 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven b
42、yinternal combustion engines. D41753.1.3 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation. D41753.1.4 break-in, vin internal combustion engines, the run-ning of a new
43、engine under prescribed conditions to helpstabilize engine response and help remove initial frictioncharacteristics associated with new engine parts. D68373.1.5 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a(e.g. thermometer, manometer, engine) device or a givenengine with respect to a stand
44、ard. D41753.1.6 calibration oil, nan oil that is used to determine theindication or output of a measuring device or a given enginewith respect to a standard. D41753.1.7 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts of an engine; removes heat,particularly from
45、the underside of pistons; and serves as acombustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3.1.7.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, depositformation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming areexamples. D41753.1.8 fuel economy, nin interna
46、l combustion engines, theefficient use of gasoline.3.1.8.1 DiscussionDetermined by comparing the rate offuel consumption of a test oil with that displayed by baselineoil. D68373.1.9 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D4175
47、5For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.6Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 40
48、0 Common-wealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. This standard is not available separately.Order the SAE Handbook Vol 2 or the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Standards ManualHS-23.7Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.8Available fro
49、m American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D8114 1733.1.10 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D41753.1.11 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod, such as running on an un-calibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions. D41753.1.
