1、Designation: E1465 08aStandard Practice forRadon Control Options for the Design and Construction ofNew Low-Rise Residential Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the design and construction of tworadon control options for use in new low-
3、rise residentialbuildings. These unobtrusive (built-in) soil depressurizationoptions are installed with a pipe route appropriate for theirintended initial mode of operation, that is, fan-powered orpassive. One of these pipe routes should be installed during aresidential buildings initial constructio
4、n. Specifications for thecritical gas-permeable layer, the radon systems piping, andradon entry pathway reduction are comprehensive and com-mon to both pipe routes.1.1.1 The first option has a pipe route appropriate for afan-powered radon reduction system. The radon fan should beinstalled after (1)
5、an initial radon test result reveals unaccept-able radon concentrations and therefore a need for an operatingradon fan, or (2) the owner has specified an operating radonfan, as well as acceptable radon test results before occupancy.Fan operated soil depressurization radon systems reduce indoorradon
6、concentrations up to 99 %.1.1.2 The second option has a more efficient pipe routeappropriate for passively operated radon reduction systems.Passively operated radon reduction systems provide radonreductions of up to 50 %. When the radon test results for abuilding with an operating passive system are
7、 not acceptable,that system should be converted to fan-powered operation.Radon systems with pipe routes installed for passive operationcan be converted easily to fan-powered operation; such fanoperated systems reduce indoor radon concentrations up to99 %.1.2 The options provide different benefits:1.
8、2.1 The option using the pipe route for fan-poweredoperation is intended for builders with customers who wantmaximum unobtrusive built-in radon reduction and docu-mented evidence of an effective radon reduction system beforea residential building is occupied. Radon systems with fan-powered type pipe
9、 routes allow the greatest architecturalfreedom for vent stack routing and fan location.1.2.2 The option using the pipe route for passive operationis intended for builders and their customers who want unob-trusive built-in radon reduction with the lowest possibleoperating cost, and documented eviden
10、ce of acceptable radonsystem performance before occupancy. If a passive systemsradon reduction is unacceptable, its performance can be sig-nificantly increased by converting it to fan-powered operation.1.3 Fan-powered, soil depressurization, radon-reductiontechniques, such as those specified in this
11、 practice, have beenused successfully for slab-on-grade, basement, and crawlspacefoundations throughout the world.1.4 Radon in air testing is used to assure the effectiveness ofthese soil depressurization radon systems. The U.S. nationalgoal for indoor radon concentration, established by the U.S.Con
12、gress in the 1988 Indoor Radon Abatement Act, is toreduce indoor radon as close to the levels of outside air as ispracticable. The radon concentration in outside air is assumedto be 0.4 picocuries per litre (pCi/l) (15 Becquerels per cubicmetre (Bq/m3); the U.S.s average radon concentration inindoor
13、 air is 1.3 pCi/L (50 Bq/m3). The goal of this practice isto make available new residential buildings with indoor radonconcentrations below 2.0 pCi/L (75 Bq/m3) in occupiablespaces.1.5 This practice is intended to assist owners, designers,builders, building officials and others who design, manage, a
14、ndinspect radon systems and their construction for new low-riseresidential buildings.1.6 This practice can be used as a model set of practices,which can be adopted or modified by state and localjurisdictions, to fulfill objectives of their residential buildingcodes and regulations. This practice als
15、o can be used as areference for the federal, state, and local health officials andradiation protection agencies.1.7 The new dwelling units covered by this practice havenever been occupied. Radon reduction for existing low riseresidential buildings is covered by Practice E2121, or by stateand local b
16、uilding codes and radiation protection regulations.1.8 Fan-powered soil depressurization, the principal strat-egy described in this practice, offers the most effective and1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of S
17、ubcommittee E06.41 on AirLeakage and Ventilation Performance.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1465 08. DOI:10.1520/E1465-08A.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
18、shohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesNOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information1most reliable radon reduction of all currently available strate-gies. Historically, far more fan-pow
19、ered soil depressurizationradon reduction systems have been successfully installed andoperated than all other radon reduction methods combined.These methods are not the only methods for reducing indoorradon concentrations (1-3).21.9 Section 7 is Occupational Radon Exposure and WorkerSafety.1.10 Appe
20、ndix X1 is Principles of Operation for Fan-Powered Soil Depressurization Radon Reduction.1.11 Appendix X2 is a Summary of Practice Requirementsfor Installation of Radon Reduction Systems in New Low RiseResidential Building.1.12 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be re-garded as standard. T
21、he values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
22、 to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)and Voids in AggregateC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC127 Test Meth
23、od for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)and Absorption of Coarse AggregateD1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) PlasticPipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120D2241 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)D2282 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styre
24、ne(ABS) Plastic Pipe (Withdrawn 2006)4D2466 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) PlasticPipe Fittings, Schedule 40D2661 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipeand FittingsD2665 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
25、Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and FittingsD2729 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) SewerPipe and FittingsD2751 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Sewer Pipe and Fittings (Withdrawn 2014)4E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1643 Practice for Selection, Design, Insta
26、llation, and In-spection of Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact withEarth or Granular Fill Under Concrete SlabsE1745 Specification for Plastic Water Vapor Retarders Usedin Contact with Soil or Granular Fill under Concrete SlabsE2121 Practice for Installing Radon Mitigation Systems inExisting Low-R
27、ise Residential BuildingsF405 Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipeand Fittings (Withdrawn 2015)4F628 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent PipeWith a Cellular CoreF891 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Pl
28、astic Pipe With a Cellular Core2.2 Other Publications:ACI 332 Requirements for Residential Concrete Construc-tion and Commentary5ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402 Building Code Requirementsfor Masonry Structures5ASME B36.10M “Welded and Seamless Wrought SteelPipe,” March 20016International One- and Two-Family
29、Dwelling Code, Appen-dix D7International Residential Code (IRC), Chapter 4 and Appen-dix F7NCMA TEK 3-11 Concrete Masonry Basement Wall Con-struction8NCMA TEK 15-1B Allowable Stress Design of ConcreteMasonry Foundation Walls8NCMATEK 15-2B Strength Design of Reinforced ConcreteMasonry Walls8NFPA 5000
30、 Building Construction and Safety Code, Chap-ters 36, 41, 43 and 49, 20039One and Two Family Dwelling Code7Uniform Building Code, Chapters 18, 19 and 2173. Terminology3.1 Definitions for standard terminology can be found inTerminology E631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 acc
31、eptable radon concentrationunless determinedotherwise by statute, is the new buildings maximum allowablein indoor radon concentration. The acceptable radon concen-tration is that to which the buyer and the seller agree, providedthat the agreed to radon concentration is less than the U.S.Environmenta
32、l Protection Agencys (EPA) recommended ac-tion level for radon in indoor air. When there has been noagreement about the buildings acceptable indoor radon2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM webs
33、ite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from American Con
34、crete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.6Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990,http:/www.asme.org.7Available from International Code Council (ICC),
35、 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041-3401, http:/www.intlcode.org.8Available from the National Concrete Masonry Association, (NCMA), 13750Sunrise Valley Drive, Herndon, VA 20171-466, http:/www.ncma.org.9Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark,
36、Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.E1465 08a2concentrations, that radon concentration should be less than thethen current U.S. EPA recommended action level. As of thiswriting the U.S. EPA recommended action level is to reducethe radon concentrations in residential buildings that have testresu
37、lts showing 4 picocuries per litre (pCi/L) (150 becquerelsof radon per cubic metre (Bq/m3) or more (4).3.2.2 channel drainan interior basement water drainagesystem typically consisting ofa1to2-in. (25 to 50-mm) gapbetween the interior of a basement wall and the concrete floorslab.3.2.3 gas-permeable
38、 layerthe sub-slab or sub-membranelayer of gas-permeable material, ideally a clean course aggre-gate like crushed stone or other specified gas-permeablematerial that supports the concrete slab or plastic membraneand through which a negative pressure field extends from thesuction point pipe to the fo
39、undation walls and footings.3.2.4 ground coverfor purposes of this standard, groundcovers are concrete slabs, thin concrete slabs, and plasticmembranes, that are installed in soil depressurization radonreduction systems to seal the top of the gas-permeable layer.Ground covers are sealed at seams, pi
40、pe and other penetrationsand at the perimeter.3.2.5 initial radon testa radon test for indoor air per-formed according to applicable U.S. EPA and state protocols(5, 6), with devices that meet U.S. EPArequirements and listedby a recognized radon proficiency program. The purpose of aninitial radon tes
41、t is to determine the radon concentration in theoccupiable space of a residential building, while the fan-powered radon reduction system is not operating. The decisionto reduce indoor radon concentrations is usually based on theinitial radon test result.3.2.5.1 DiscussionEquipment that can lower rad
42、on con-centrations by diluting the indoor radon, like heat recoveryventilators and central air conditioning systems that draw inmake-up air, should not be operated during the initial radontest.Aradon reduction system should not be operated during aninitial radon test.3.2.5.2 DiscussionPassive radon
43、reduction systemsshould be tested only with post-mitigation radon tests becausepassive radon systems have not been designed to be disabled.3.2.6 karstan area of irregular limestone in which erosionhas produced fissures, sinkholes, caves, caverns, and under-ground streams.3.2.7 low-rise residential b
44、uildinga structure for perma-nent human occupancy containing one or more dwelling unitsand (1) in jurisdictions where a basement is not defined as astory, having three or fewer stories or (2) in jurisdictions wherea basement is defined as a story, having four or fewer stories.For determining whether
45、 a basement or cellar counts as a storyabove grade, refer to legally adopted general building codeenforced in local jurisdiction.3.2.8 manifold pipingthis piping collects the air flow fromtwo or more suction points. In the case of a single suction pointsystem, there is no manifold piping, since suct
46、ion point pipingis connected directly to the vent stack piping.3.2.9 occupiable spacesfor purposes of this standard,occupiable spaces are areas of buildings where human beingsspend or could spend time, on a regular or occasional basis.3.2.9.1 DiscussionExamples of occupiable spaces arethose that are
47、 or could be used for sleeping, cooking, aworkshop, a hobby, reading, student home work, a home office,entertainment (TV, music, computer, and so forth) physicalworkout, laundry, games, or childs play.3.2.10 post-mitigation radon testa radon test for indoorair performed according to applicable U.S.
48、EPA and stateprotocols (5, 6), with devices that meet U.S. EPA requirementsand listed by a recognized radon proficiency program. Thepurpose of the post-mitigation radon test is to determine theradon concentration in the occupiable space of a residentialbuilding while the radon reduction system is op
49、erating. Post-mitigation radon tests results are usually used to evaluate theperformance of a buildings radon reduction system.3.2.10.1 DiscussionEquipment that can lower radon con-centrations by diluting the indoor radon, like heat recoveryventilators, and central air conditioning systems that draw inmake-up air, should not be operated during the post-mitigationradon test, unless they have manufacturers labels that statespecifically that these appliances are intended to reduce indoorradon concentrations. Radon reduction systems are operatedd
