1、Designation: F2704 17aStandard Specification forAir-Fed Protective Ensembles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes design, performance,classification, documentation, labeling, and certification re-quirements for protective ensembles that
3、 deliver air to thewearer by means of an air line or powered air purifyingrespirator (PAPR).1.2 As a prerequisite to this specification, regulations withinTitle 42 Federal Code of Regulations, Part 84 are used toestablish the conformance of the air-fed protective ensemble torespiratory protection re
4、quirements.1.3 This specification addresses protective ensembles usedfor environments involving chemical, biological, andradiological/nuclear particulate hazards.1.4 This specification sets specific criteria for air-fed pro-tective ensembles used to prevent exposure to substances suchas, but not lim
5、ited to, chemical hazards, infectious microor-ganisms requiring Biosafety Level 4 (BLS4) protection, andenvironments where it is possible radiological or nuclearparticulates will be found.1.5 This specification is further used for classification of theprotective ensemble as limited use or multiple u
6、se.1.6 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall beregarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem must be used independently of the other, withoutcombining values in any way.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with
7、 its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized pr
8、inciples on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D751 Test Methods for Coated
9、FabricsD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2582 Test Method for Puncture-Propagation Tear Resis-tance of Plastic Film and Thin SheetingD3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextilesConstant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst TestD3884 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fab
10、rics(Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)D4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Grab Test)D5151 Test Method for Detection of Holes in MedicalGlovesD5587 Test Method for Tearing
11、 Strength of Fabrics byTrapezoid ProcedureF392 Test Method for Flex Durability of Flexible BarrierMaterialsF739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gasesthrough Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions ofContinuous ContactF903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clo
12、thing to Penetration by LiquidsF1052 Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor ProtectiveSuitsF1154 Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort,Fit, Function, and Durability of Protective Ensembles andEnsemble ComponentsF1342 Test Method for Protective Clothing Material Resis-tance to PunctureF1
13、359 Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance ofProtective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under aShower Spray While on a Mannequin1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 onPersonal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F23
14、.30 on Chemicals.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F2704 17.DOI:10.1520/F2704-17A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
15、rg. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with inter
16、nationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothin
17、gF1671 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing to Penetration by Blood-Borne Patho-gens Using Phi-X174 Bacteriophage Penetration as a TestSystemF1790 Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Mate-rials Used in Protective Clothing with CPP Test Equip-mentF2010 Test Metho
18、d for Evaluation of Glove Effects onWearer Hand Dexterity Using a Modified Pegboard TestF2061 Practice for Chemical Protective Clothing: Wearing,Care, and Maintenance InstructionsF2413 Specification for Performance Requirements for Pro-tective (Safety) Toe Cap FootwearF2913 Test Method for Measuring
19、 the Coefficient of Frictionfor Evaluation of Slip Performance of Footwear and TestSurfaces/Flooring Using a Whole Shoe TesterF3050 Guide for Conformity Assessment of Personal Pro-tective Clothing and Equipment2.2 Federal Standards:342 CFR Part 84 Approval of Respiratory Protective Devices2.3 ISO St
20、andards:4ISO 4649:2010 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic De-termination of Abrasion Resistance Using a RotatingCylindrical Drum Device2.4 NFPA Standards:5NFPA 1991:2016 Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensemblesfor Hazardous Materials Emergencies and CBRN Terror-ism IncidentsNFPA1994:2018 Standard on
21、Protective Ensembles for FirstResponders to Hazardous Materials Emergencies andCBRN Terrorism Incidents3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 airborne pathogen, nan infectious bacterium orvirus, or other disease-inducing microbe that is suspended inair.3.1.2 air-fed protective ensemble, na protective e
22、nsemblewith respiratory protective equipment that provides a source ofair directly into the ensemble without the use of a tight-fittingfacepiece worn by the individual inside the ensemble.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe respiratory protective equipment iseither an air line that is connected to the suit wall o
23、f theensemble that can include a distribution means inside theensemble, or a powered air-purifying respirator that is con-nected to the suit wall and that can also have a means fordistributing air inside the ensemble.3.1.3 approved, vacceptable to the authority having juris-diction.3.1.4 authority h
24、aving jurisdiction, nan organization,office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirementsof a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials,an installation, or a procedure.3.1.5 barrier material, nthe layer of a protective clothingitem that is designated as providing permeation
25、 or penetrationresistance against chemicals or other hazardous substances.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIn this specification, the barrier mate-rial refers to the layer of the protective ensemble element thatis designed to act as a barrier to a hazardous substance that theensemble is intended to protect against
26、.3.1.6 blood-borne pathogen, nan infectious bacterium orvirus, or other disease-inducing microbe carried in the blood orother potentially infectious body fluids (also liquid-bornepathogen).3.1.7 labeled, nequipment or materials to which has beenattached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of
27、anorganization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdic-tion and concerned with product evaluation, that maintainsperiodic inspection of production of labeled equipment ormaterials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicatescompliance with appropriate standards or performance in asp
28、ecified manner.3.1.8 listed, nequipment, materials, or services includedin a list published by an organization that is acceptable to theauthority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation ofproducts or services, that maintains periodic inspection ofproduction of listed equipment or materials
29、 or periodic evalu-ation of services, and whose listing states that either theequipment, material, or service meets appropriate designatedstandards or has been tested and found suitable for a specifiedpurpose.3.1.9 manufacturer, nthe entity that directs and controlsany of the following: compliant pr
30、oduct design, compliantproduct manufacturing, or compliant product quality assur-ance; or the entity that assumes the liability for the compliantproduct or provides the warranty for the compliant product.3.1.10 protective ensemble, nthe combination of protec-tive clothing with respiratory protective
31、 equipment, hoods,helmets, gloves, boots, communication systems, coolingdevices, and other accessories intended to protect the wearerfrom a potential hazard when worn together.3.1.11 sock, nan extension of the garment or suit leg thatcovers the entire foot and is intended to be worn with aprotective
32、 outer boot.3.1.12 tethered applications, napplications in which ahose or line is attached to the garment or hood portion of theensemble via an external fitting mounted on the garmentmaterial that is further connected to a fixed location external tothe suit.3.2 For definitions of other protective cl
33、othing-related termsused in this test method, refer to Terminology F1494.4. Significance and Use4.1 As with other hazardous materials protective ensembles,air-fed protective ensembles include clothing and equipment3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Cap
34、itol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 0216
35、9-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.F2704 17a2items needed for dermal and respiratory protection, includingprotective suits, gloves, footwear, and eye/face protection.Unlike other protective ensembles, air-fed protective en-sembles do not use separate respiratory protective devices suchas self-contained brea
36、thing apparatus (SCBA) or non-poweredair-purifying respirators (APRs).4.1.1 Those types of respirators normally have a tight-fittingface piece that provides inhalation hazard protection anddermal exposure protection to the face, eyes, nose, and mouth.4.1.2 Air-fed protective ensembles are worn witho
37、ut the useof a separate respirator. The entire suit serves as the respiratoryprotective device and also provides dermal exposure protec-tion. The wearer breathes supplied air or filtered air pumpedinto the protective suit.4.2 Air-fed protective ensembles are used to protect workersin a number of app
38、lications.4.2.1 These include, but are not limited to: chemical andpharmaceutical manufacturing, remediation of hazardous ma-terials sites, use against highly infectious biological agents inBiosafety Level 4 laboratories, and for protection of workersinvolved in nuclear and radiological facilities,
39、where it ispossible radioactive particles will be encountered.4.3 The requirements of this specification have been partlybased on the NFPA 1991 and NFPA 1994 standards, whichestablish criteria for vapor-protective ensembles used in haz-ardous materials emergencies. NFPA 1991 establishes require-ment
40、s for a protective ensemble that encapsulates the wearerand the breathing apparatus. NFPA 1994 establishes require-ments for a protective ensemble under Class 1 requirementsthat in some configurations encapsulates the wearer and thebreathing apparatus.4.3.1 In this specification, a breathing apparat
41、us is not worninside the suit, but instead breathing air is connected to the suiteither via an external air line or respiratory protective equip-ment that is externally connected to the suit wall. Extensivecriteria for the integrity of the overall ensemble are appliedthrough design and performance r
42、equirements. This allows fordifferent configurations of a protective ensemble that incorpo-rates a hooded visor, protective gloves, protective footwear,and the respiratory protective equipment.4.4 The qualification of the respiratory protective equipmentis addressed by the applicable requirements fo
43、r respiratorsestablished in 42 CFR Part 84. As such, the entire air-fedensemble is subject to certification by NIOSH in addition tomeeting the requirements in this specification.4.5 This specification establishes classifications for the pro-tective ensemble. The classifications include one that is d
44、eter-mined by the configuration of the protective ensemble and onethat concerns the use of the protective ensemble.4.5.1 A protective ensemble can be classified as an “air lineprotective ensemble” or a “PAPR-based air-fed protectiveensemble.” Under each of these classifications, protectiveensembles
45、can be further classified as “limited use” and“multiple use.”4.5.2 These classifications account for differences in theconfiguration of the air supply and material strength anddurability. These classifications do not account for the decon-tamination effectiveness of multiple-use ensembles.4.6 In rec
46、ognition of the potential diverse applications towhich the protective ensemble can be used, documentationrequirements are provided for manufacturers to base claims forpermeation resistance of ensemble materials against specificchemicals or for claims of ensemble material performanceagainst blood-bor
47、ne (or liquid-borne) pathogens. Similar re-quirements are established for the respiratory protectiveequipment, when this equipment is based on the use of filters,cartridges, or canisters.4.7 The requirements in the certification section are basedon the recommendations provided for conformity assessm
48、entexample category B in Annex A2 of Guide F3050. Thiscategory specifies that the supplier provides a declaration ofconformity with testing conducted at an independent laboratorythat is accredited to ISO 17025 and manufacturer qualitymanagement system that is registered to ISO 9001 with theappropria
49、te scope for air-fed ensembles, and withmanufacturer/supplier periodic monitoring of continuing con-formity. The manufacturer is permitted to exceed these require-ments.5. Classification5.1 Protective ensembles shall be classified as either an “airline protective ensemble” or a “PAPR-based air-fed protectiveensemble” depending on the type of respiratory protectiveequipment that is provided with the ensemble.5.2 Protective ensembles shall additionally be classified aslimited use or multiple use.5.2.1 Limited-use protective clothing items shall be subject
