1、Designation: D1676 17Standard Test Methods forFilm-Insulated Magnet Wire1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1676; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing film-insulated magnet wire that is used in electrical apparatus.Thesetest methods are intended primarily for
3、 the evaluation of theelectrical insulating materials used. The intent is that these testmethods be used, except where modified, by individual speci-fications for particular applications.1.2 These test methods present different procedures forevaluating given properties of round, rectangular or squar
4、e,copper or aluminum film-insulated magnet wire.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard.The SI units in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 The test methods appear in the following sections:SectionsBond Strength 412Burnout (AC Overload Resistance) 1321Chemical Resist
5、ance 2228Coefficient of Friction 2937Continuity, DC High Voltage 3845Continuity, DC Low Voltage 4653Completeness of Cure 5460Cut-Through Temperature (Thermoplastic Flow) 6168Dielectric Breakdown AC Voltage 6975Dielectric Breakdown AC Voltage after Bending 7682Dielectric Breakdown AC Voltage at Eleva
6、ted Temperatures 8389Dielectric Breakdown AC Voltage after Conditioning in Refriger-ant Atmosphere 9099Dimensional Measurement 100 106Dissipation Factor Measurement 107 114Electrical Resistance 115 121Elongation 122 129Extractables, Refrigerant 130 140Film Adherence and Flexibility 141 148Formabilit
7、y:a) Elastic Ratio 152b) Low Stress Elongation 153c) Spring Back 154-155Heat Shock 156 162Oiliness 163 169Scrape Resistance, Unidirectional 170 177Solderability 178 185Resistance to Insulating Liquids and Hydrolytic Stability 186 1951.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety conc
8、erns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazard statements are given in 9.5, 19.1, 19.3, 19.8,52.1
9、, 58, 59.1, 74.1, 112.1, 135.4, and 182.3.NOTE 1This test method is related to IEC 60851. Since both methodscontain multiple test procedures, many procedures are technically equiva-lent while others differ significantly.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationall
10、y recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A228/A228M Spec
11、ification for Steel Wire, Music SpringQualityB3 Specification for Soft or Annealed Copper WireB43 Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, StandardSizesB193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB279 Test Method for Stiffness of Bare Soft Square andRectangular Copper andAlumi
12、num Wire for Magnet WireFabricationB324 Specification for Aluminum Rectangular and SquareWire for Electrical PurposesB609/B609M Specification for Aluminum 1350 RoundWire, Annealed and Intermediate Tempers, for ElectricalPurposesD149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength
13、 of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permit-tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical InsulationD374/D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electri-cal InsulationD877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown V
14、oltage ofInsulating Liquids Using Disk ElectrodesD1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.Curre
15、nt edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1676 03 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D1676-17.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
16、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World T
17、rade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Coulometric Karl Fischer TitrationD1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD2475 Specification for FeltD2519 Test Method for Bond Strength of Electrical Insulat-ing Varnishes by the Helical Coil TestD5423 Specification for Forc
18、ed-Convection Laboratory Ov-ens for Evaluation of Electrical InsulationE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples ByCompariso
19、n TechniquesE1356 Test Method for Assignment of the Glass TransitionTemperatures by Differential Scanning CalorimetryE1545 Test Method for Assignment of the Glass TransitionTemperature by Thermomechanical Analysis2.2 Other Documents:2CCCM-911 Federal Specification for Bleached MuslinIEC 60851 Method
20、s of Test for Winding Wire3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 conductor, na wire or combination of wires notinsulated from each other, suitable for carrying electric current.3.1.2 magnet wire, na metal electrical conductor, coveredwith electrical insulation, for use in the assembly of electricalindu
21、ctive apparatus such as coils for motors, transformers,generators, relays, magnets, and so forth.3.1.3 For definition of other terms used in this test methodrefer to Terminology D1711.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 film coating, ncured enamel coating.3.2.2 film insulated wi
22、re, na conductor insulated with afilm coating.BOND STRENGTH OF ROUND FILM-INSULATEDSELF-BONDING MAGNET WIRE BY THE HELICALCOIL TEST4. Scope4.1 This test method covers the determination of the bondstrength of a self-bonding outer coating on round film-insulatedmagnet wires (AWG 14 through 44). Both t
23、hermal and solventbonding methods are defined.4.2 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the
24、 World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.5. Terminology5.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:5.1.1 bond strength, na measure of the force required toseparate surfaces which have been bonded together.5.1.1.1 DiscussionFor magnet wire which has been selfbonded
25、or varnish treated, the bond strength is reported as theforce required to break a test specimen in flexure.6. Summary of Test Method6.1 Flexural strength tests are made on bonded helical coilsto determine the force required to break the coil under specifiedconditions.7. Significance and Use7.1 Bond
26、strength values obtained by flexural tests provideinformation with regard to the bond strength of a particularself-bonding outer coating in combination with a particularround film-insulated magnet wire when measured under con-ditions described in this test method.8. Apparatus8.1 Testing MachineTensi
27、le testing machines used forbond strength test shall conform to the requirements ofPractices E4.8.2 Test FixtureThe test fixture shall conform to the testfixture for bond strength tests required by Test Method D2519.8.3 Mandrel HolderThe mandrel holder shall be a metalblock of sufficient size and th
28、ickness with a hole capable ofsupporting the winding mandrel in a vertical position duringthe bonding cycle of the helical coil.8.4 Winding TensionsThe winding tensions are listed inTable 1.8.5 Bonding WeightsBonding weights (listed in Table 1)are made with a hole through the center to allow the wei
29、ght toslip freely over the winding mandrel and load a helical coilduring bonding of coil.8.6 Forced-Air OvenSee Specification D5423.9. Test Specimen Preparation9.1 Select the appropriate mandrel from Table 1, spray itwith a suitable release agent (fluorocarbon or silicone spray isadequate), and allo
30、w it to dry. Carefully wind onto the preparedmandrel a length of wire, long enough to wind a helical coil atleast 3 in. (76 mm) long. The winding tension shall be asprescribed in Table 1. Ensure that the coil is wound withoutspace between turns.9.2 Prepare six or more coils from each wire sample.9.3
31、 Thermal BondingMount the mandrel supporting thecoil vertically in the mandrel holder and loaded with thebonding weight specified in Table 1. Place the mandrel holderand coil into a forced-air oven at a specified temperature for aspecified time, after which the assembly is removed from theoven and c
32、ooled to room temperature. Remove the coil fromthe mandrel and inspect the coil for breaks or physical damageprior to testing.9.4 Solvent BondingAfter winding, immerse the coil andmandrel into the specified solvent for 5 s. Immediately2Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Sec
33、tion D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.D1676 172thereafter, secure the mandrel supporting the coil in themandrel holder and load the coil with the bonding weightspecified in Table 1. Dry the coils for1hatroom temperature.Carefully remove the coils from the mandrels and fur
34、ther dryin a forced air oven for 15 6 2 min at 100 6 3C (unlessotherwise specified). Cool the coil to room temperature, inspectfor breaks or physical damage, and test.9.5 Resistance BondingMount the mandrel supporting thecoil vertically in a mandrel holder and loaded with the bondingweight specified
35、 in Table 1. Energize the coil with enoughcurrent and time to allow bonding. Remove the coil from themandrel and inspect for breaks or physical damage, and test.Specific bonding conditions shall be agreed upon between themanufacturer and the user. (WarningLethal voltages are apotential hazard during
36、 the performance of this test. It isessential that the test apparatus, and all associated equipmentelectrically connected to it, be properly designed and installedfor safe operation. Solidly ground all electrically conductiveparts which it is possible for a person to contact during thetest. Provide
37、means for use at the completion of any test toground any parts which were at high voltage during the test orhave the potential for acquiring an induced charge during thetest or retaining a charge even after disconnection of thevoltage source. Thoroughly instruct all operators as to thecorrect proced
38、ures for performing tests safely. When makinghigh voltage tests, particularly in compressed gas or in oil, itis possible for the energy released at breakdown to be suffcientto result in fire, explosion, or rupture of the test chamber.Design test equipment, test chambers, and test specimens so asto m
39、inimize the possibility of such occurrences and to eliminatethe possibility of personal injury. If the potential for fire exists,have fire suppression equipment available.)10. Procedure10.1 Use a rate of loading such that the duration of the testshall be greater than the full-scale response time of
40、the loadrecording instrument.10.2 Prepare sufficient specimens to obtain six data pointsfor each wire sample. One or more of the specimens arepotentially going to be destroyed in adjusting the rate ofloading.10.3 Break specimens according to the test proceduresdescribed in Test Method D2519.10.4 Tes
41、ts at other than room temperature are able to beperformed, if desired, using an insulated heat-resistantenclosure, designed to fit around the test fixture and in thestress strain analyzer. Place the specimens in the fixture in theoven for 15 min but not more than 30 min after the oven hasrecovered t
42、o the set temperature 62C. Break the specimensaccording to the test procedures described in Test MethodD2519. The specified test temperature and minimum bondstrength shall be agreement upon between the manufacturerand the user.11. Report11.1 Report the following:11.1.1 Identification of size, build
43、and type of insulationused,11.1.2 Heat or solvent bonding (including temperature ortype of solvent, or both),11.1.3 Test temperature, and11.1.4 Atable listing the individual values in pounds, gramsor newtons of bond strength and their averages.12. Precision and Bias312.1 In comparing two averages of
44、 six observations, thedifferences are not expected to exceed the critical difference inTable 2, in 95 out of 100 cases when all of the observations aretaken by the same well-trained operator using the same piece oftest equipment and specimens randomly drawn from the samesample of material.3Supportin
45、g data are available from ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR:D09-1007.TABLE 1 Helical Coil Bond ParametersWire Size,AWGMandrel DiameterARecommendedWinding TensionBond WeightsAin. mm g N g N44 0.011 0.28 2.5 0.025 0.80 0.00843 0.011 0.28 2.5 0.025 0.80 0.00842 0.016 0.41 5.0 0.50 1.60 0.01641
46、 0.016 0.41 5.0 0.50 1.60 0.01640 0.022 0.56 10.0 0.098 3.15 0.03139 0.022 0.56 10.0 0.098 3.15 0.03138 0.022 0.56 10.0 0.098 3.15 0.03137 0.032 0.81 20.0 0.196 6.30 0.06236 0.032 0.81 20.0 0.196 6.30 0.06235 0.032 0.81 20.0 0.196 6.30 0.06234 0.044 1.12 40.0 0.392 12.5 0.12333 0.044 1.12 40.0 0.392
47、 12.5 0.12332 0.044 1.12 40.0 0.392 12.5 0.12331 0.063 1.60 80.0 0.785 25.0 0.24530 0.063 1.60 80.0 0.785 25.0 0.24529 0.063 1.60 80.0 0.785 25.0 0.24528 0.088 2.24 160.0 1.569 50.0 0.49027 0.088 2.24 160.0 1.569 50.0 0.49026 0.088 2.24 160.0 1.569 50.0 0.49025 0.124 3.15 315.0 3.089 100.0 0.98124 0
48、.124 3.15 315.0 3.089 100.0 0.98123 0.124 3.15 315.0 3.089 100.0 0.98122 0.177 4.50 630.0 6.178 200.0 1.96121 0.177 4.50 630.0 6.178 200.0 1.96120 0.177 4.50 630.0 6.178 200.0 1.96119 0.248 6.30 1250.0 12.258 400.0 3.92318 0.248 6.30 1250.0 12.258 400.0 3.92317 0.248 6.30 1250.0 12.258 400.0 3.92316
49、 0.354 8.99 2500.0 24.517 800.0 7.84515 0.354 8.99 2500.0 24.517 800.0 7.84514 0.354 8.99 2500.0 24.517 800.0 7.845A2 % on all mandrels and bond weights.TABLE 2 Critical Differences, Percent of Average Pounds toBreakANumber ofObservations ineach AverageSingle-OperatorPrecisionWithin-LaboratoryPrecisionBetween-LaboratoryPrecision610 1 12AThe critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinitedegrees of freedomD1676 17312.2 PrecisionTwo averages of observed values are con-sidered signif
