1、Designation: D6878/D6878M 17Standard Specification forThermoplastic Polyolefin Based Sheet Roofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6878/D6878M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made fromthermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer,intended for use i
3、n single-ply roofing membranes exposed tothe weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics orscrims.1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize thesheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for theintended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such asfire resistan
4、ce, field seaming strength, material compatibility,and uplift resistance, among others, are factors which should beconsidered but are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach
5、 system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddr
6、ess all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-da
7、nce with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM St
8、andards:2D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCracking inan Ozone Controlled EnvironmentD1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid The
9、rmoplastic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperatureD2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittleness Pointof Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD5538 Practice for Thermoplastic ElastomersTerminology and AbbreviationsD7635/D7635M Test Method for Measurement of Thicknessof Coatings Over Fabric Reinfor
10、cementG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Materials and Manufacture3.1 The sheet shall be formulated from ethylene and higheralpha-o
11、lefin polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, inamounts greater than 50 %, by weight of the total polymercontent suitably compounded to satisfy the physical require-ments in the specification (see Practice D5538).3.2 The sheet shall be capable of being heat welded, fused,or adhesively bonded to
12、itself for making watertight fieldsplices and repairs, and the supplier or fabricator shall recom-mend suitable methods and materials.3.3 Sheet shall be reinforced with fabric or scrim.4. Physical Properties and Tolerances4.1 Each sheet specimen shall meet or exceed the physicalrequirements prescrib
13、ed in Table 1.4.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering,and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period, whichever isgreater, unless otherwise specified.4.3 The tolerance for temperature conditions (aging,weathering, and so forth) is 62C 64F of the specifiedtemperature, unless otherwis
14、e specified.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 onRoofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.18on Nonbituminous Organic Roof Coverings.Current edition approved July 15, 2017. Published August 2017. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last p
15、revious edition approved in 2013 as D6878/D6878M 13.DOI: 10.1520/D6878_D6878M-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
16、 onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
17、Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15. Dimensions and Permissible Variations5.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier.5.1.1 The wi
18、dth and length tolerance shall be +3 %, 0 %.5.1.2 The thickness tolerance shall be +15 %, 10 % ofthickness agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier, but in nocase shall it be less than the minimum in Table 1.5.1.3 The thickness of coating over scrim (reinforcingfabric) of the weathering side shall
19、be at least 30 % of theoverall thickness as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier,but in no case shall it be less than the minimum in Table 1. Thetable below can be used as a reference for commonly usedthicknesses.Overall Thickness, mm in. Thickness of Coating Over Scrim, min,mm in.1.1 0.045 0.3
20、8 0.0151.5 0.060 0.48 0.0182.0 0.080 0.60 0.0246. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance6.1 The sheet, including factory seams, if present, shall bewatertight and free of pinholes, particles of foreign matter,protruding fibers or reinforcement, undispersed raw material,nicks and cuts, voids, thin areas
21、, delaminations or othermanufacturing defects that might adversely affect serviceabil-ity.6.2 Edges of the sheets shall be capable of being seamed toone another without fishmouthing.7. Test Methods7.1 DimensionsTest Methods D751, after permitting thesheet to relax at 23C 73F for 1 h.7.2 Thickness, S
22、heet OverallRefer to Test Methods D751.7.3 Thickness of Coating Over Scrim (ReinforcingFabric)Test Method D7635/D7635M. Follow preparationprocedures as specified in Test Method D7635/D7635M. Thethickness measurements shall be conducted as described in thetest method on the coating on the side intend
23、ed to be exposedto the weather.7.4 Breaking StrengthTest Methods D751, Grab Method.7.5 Elongation at BreakTest Methods D751, GrabMethod.7.6 Tearing StrengthTest Methods D751, 2 in./min jawspeed. 8 by 8 in. sample size.7.7 Brittleness PointTest Methods D2137, Method B.7.8 Ozone ResistanceTest Method
24、D1149. Inspect at 7magnification on specimens exposed to 100 mPa 1 10-5psiozone in air at 40C 104F. Specimens shall be wrappedaround a 75-mm 3-in. diameter mandrel for 166 h exposure.Specimen shall be wrapped around the same size mandrel forinspection. The required specimen width is 25 mm 1.0 in.7.9
25、 Heat AgingTest Method D573. Sheet specimens are tobe cut to a size of 5 by 15 cm 2 by 6 in. Three specimens arerequired. Unless otherwise specified, specimens shall be takenno nearer the selvage than one tenth the width of the sheet.Specimens shall be allowed to equilibrate to room temperature(Note
26、 1) and then weighed within 6 h prior to heat aging usingan analytical balance. Age sheet specimens for either (1) 5376h (224 days or 32 weeks) at 116C 240F; or (2) 1344 h (56days or 8 weeks) at 135C 275F. Provision shall be made forsuspending specimens vertically without touching each otheror the s
27、ides of the aging chamber. Aged specimens are thenallowed to cool to room temperature, re-weighed and inspectedat 7 magnification when bent over a 3 in. mandrel for surfacecracking. The same specimen is used for both weighing andsurface inspection and shall be evaluated within4hofremovalfrom heat ag
28、ing. Weight loss shall be expressed as thedifference between the original weight and the aged weight,expressed as a percentage of the original weight to a precisionof 60.1 %. If any cracking or weight change above themaximum allowed change is observed in two or more samples,the test is a failure.NOT
29、E 1Specimens can be preconditioned at standard laboratoryconditions (23C 6 2C and 50 % 6 5 % relative humidity) for 24 h.7.10 Linear Dimensional ChangeTest Method D1204.Age specimen for 6 h at 70C 158F or 1 h at 100C 212F.7.11 Water AbsorptionTest Method D471 for 166 h at70C 158F. Test performed on
30、top coating material only.(Use Test Method D471, Procedure for Change in Mass.)7.12 Factory Seam StrengthTest Methods D751, GrabMethod. Modify procedure by cutting a 25 mm 1.0 in. wideby 300 mm 12 in. long sample across the lap seam. Place injaws approximately 50 mm 2.0 in. from edges of the overlap
31、area and test at a jaw separation rate of 5 cm/min 2 in./min.7.13 Weather ResistanceAccelerated weathering testsshall be performed using Practice G155.7.13.1 Practice G151 and G155Xenon-arc apparatusshall be operated in accordance with the following conditions:Filter Type DaylightIrradiance 0.35 to
32、0.70 W/(m2 nm) at 340nm.The maximum allowableoperationalfluctuation of the irradiance settingis 0.02 W/(m2 nm).TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for TPO SheetThickness, min, mm in.Sheet-overall 1.0 0.039Coating over fabric or scrim, weathering side only 0.38 0.015Breaking strength, min, N lbf 976 220Elo
33、ngation at reinforcement break, min, % 15Tearing strength, min, N lbf 245 55Brittleness point, max, C F -40 -40Ozone resistance, no cracks PassProperties after heat aging:Weight change (mass), max % 1.5Inspect at 7 magnification for cracks when bentover a 3 in. diameter mandrelPassLinear dimensional
34、 change, max, % 1Water absorption, max, mass % 3.0AFactory seam strength, min, N lbf 290 66Weather resistance:Visual inspection PassATest performed on top coating material only. (Use Test Method D471, Procedurefor Change in Mass.)D6878/D6878M 172Cycle 690 min light, 30 min light pluswaterspray on th
35、e front surfaceUninsulated Black PanelTemperature80C. The maximum allowableoperationalfluctuation is 2.5C.Relative Humidity 50 %. The maximum allowableoperationalfluctuation is 5 %.Spray Water Refer to Practice G155, section6.6.1.Typical water temperature usedfor specimenspray is 21 5C, but if ambie
36、nttemperatureis low and a holding tank is notused to storepurified water, the water tempera-ture can bebelow the typical range.Specimen Repositioning Refer to Practice G155, section9.5Radiant Exposure 10 080 kJ/(m2 nm) at 340 nm(1209.6 MJ/m2at 300 to 400 nm)Inspect at 7 magnification foraging.Chambe
37、r Air Temperature(where applicable)50C. The maximum allowableoperationalfluctuation is 2C.NoteIf the operational fluctuations are greater than the maximum allow-able after the equipment has stabilized, discontinue the test and correctthe cause of the problem before continuing.7.13.2 Perform the weat
38、hering tests on the intact sheet withthe weathering side facing the lamps. Mount specimens forexposure under no strain. After exposure, the specimens shallbe removed, wrapped around a 75 mm 3 in. mandrel, andinspected for cracks and crazing. A specimen is rated “pass” ifno cracks or crazing is obser
39、ved.8. Inspection8.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon betweeninvolved parties.9. Rejection and Resubmittal9.1 Failure to conform to any one of the requirementsprescribed in this specification shall constitute grounds forrejection. Rejection shall be reported to the supplier promptlyan
40、d in writing. The seller shall have the right to reinspect therejected shipment and resubmit the lot after removal of thosepackages not conforming to the specified requirements.10. Product Marking10.1 The sheet shall be identified on the side intended to beexposed to the weather with this ASTM desig
41、nation and eitherthe name of the manufacturer or supplier or TPO. The type ofidentification is at the manufacturers option. Such identifica-tion shall occur at intervals not to exceed3m9ft,10in. inthe long direction. The identification shall be applied in such amanner as to be legible five years fro
42、m installation. Identifi-cation shall not be required when so specified by the purchaser.11. Packaging and Package Marking11.1 The material shall be packaged in a standard commer-cial manner, unless otherwise specified, so as to be acceptableby commercial or other carriers for safe transportation to
43、 thepoint of delivery.11.2 Shipping containers shall be marked with:11.2.1 The name of the material,11.2.2 Product code,11.2.3 ASTM number,11.2.4 Size or quantity, and11.2.5 Name of manufacturer or supplier.12. Keywords12.1 flexible sheet; roofing; roofing material; single-plyroofing membrane; therm
44、oplastic polyolefin; TPOASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringe
45、ment of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard o
46、r for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views k
47、nown to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting A
48、STM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 173
