1、Designation: C32 13 (Reapproved 2017) American Association StateHighway and Transportation Officials StandardAASHTO No.: M91-78Standard Specification forSewer and Manhole Brick (Made From Clay or Shale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C32; the number immediately following the des
2、ignation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use b
3、y agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in (1)drainage structures for the conveyance of sewage, industrialwastes, and storm water, and (2) related structures such asmanholes and catch basins.1.2 The property requirements of this stand
4、ard apply at thetime of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining confor-mance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Sec-tion 5) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.1.3 Brick covered by this standard are manufactu
5、red fromclay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances andsubjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond betweenthe particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-bility requirements of this specification. (See
6、 firing and firedbond in Terminology C1232.)1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This international standard was devel
7、oped in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Docu
8、ments2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC1232 Terminology for Masonry3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to sewer and man-hole brick, refer to Terminology C1232.4. Classification4.1 GradesTwo grades of sewer brick are covered:
9、4.1.1 Grade SSBrick intended for use in structures requir-ing low absorption and resistance to the action of sewagecarrying large quantities of abrasive material at velocitiesexceeding 8 ft (2.4 m)/s.4.1.2 Grade SMBrick intended for use in structures re-quiring resistance to the action of sewage car
10、rying abrasivematerials at velocities less than 8 ft (2.4 m)/s.4.2 GradesTwo grades of manhole brick are covered:4.2.1 Grade MSBrick intended for use in manholes andcatch basins not requiring high degrees of abrasive resistancebut where a high and uniform degree of resistance to frostaction and disi
11、ntegration is needed when the brick may befrozen when permeated with water.4.2.2 Grade MMBrick intended for use in manholes notrequiring high degrees of abrasive resistance but where amoderate and nonuniform degree of resistance to frost actionand disintegration is needed when the brick may be perme
12、atedwith water.5. Physical Properties5.1 Brick for sewer or drainage structures shall conform tothe physical properties for the specified Grades SS or SM asestablished in Table 1.5.2 Brick for manholes, catch basins, and other relatedstructures shall conform to the physical properties for thespecifi
13、ed Grades MS or MM as established in Table 1.5.3 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, brick ofGrade SS shall be accepted instead of Grade SM; also GradeMS shall be accepted instead of Grade MM.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units an
14、d is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C32 13. DOI:10.1520/C0032-13R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w
15、ebsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United St
16、atesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to T
17、rade (TBT) Committee.16. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 The size of the brick shall be specified by the purchaser,selecting any of the standard sizes of building brick.6.2 For any lot of sewer brick furnished under thisspecification, not more than 2 % of the brick shall vary fromthe nomina
18、l size requirements specified in 6.1 by more than618 in. (3 mm) in either transverse dimension, or by more than614 in. (6 mm) in length.7. Finish and Appearance7.1 Sewer brick shall have plain or smooth surfaces on bothends and on the face side.7.2 Manhole brick shall have plain, slightly, or modera
19、telytextured surfaces.7.3 The brick, as delivered to the site, shall conform byvisual inspection to the requirements specified by the purchaseror to the sample or samples approved as standard of compari-son and to the samples passing the tests for physical require-ments. Minor indentions and surface
20、 cracks incidental to theusual methods of manufacture, or the small chipping resultingfrom the customary methods of handling in shipment anddelivery, should not be deemed grounds for rejection.7.4 Brick shall be of rectangular cross section with substan-tially straight edges and square corners.7.5 K
21、iln marks or depressions not exceeding316 in. (5 mm)in depth shall be permitted on the backside of the brick.8. Coring8.1 Unless otherwise specified in the invitation for bids,brick shall be either solid or cored at the option of the seller.The net cross-sectional area of cored brick in any plane pa
22、rallelto the surface containing the cores shall be at least 75 % of thegross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. No partof any hole shall be less than34 in. (19 mm) from any edge ofthe brick.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordancewith applicable se
23、ctions in Test Methods C67.9.2 The manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimensfor tests. The place or places of selection are to be designatedwhen the purchase order is placed.NOTE 1Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: If the result
24、s of the test show that brickdo not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost istypically borne by the seller. If the results of the tests show that the brickdo conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typicallyborne by the purchaser.10. Keywords10.1 brick; cl
25、ay; drainage structures; industrial waste; man-hole brick; physical properties; sewer brick; sewers; shale;storm waterASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly
26、 advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, ei
27、ther reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may atten
28、d. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. In
29、dividual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secure
30、d from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1 Physical PropertiesDesignationMinimum Compressive Strength,Average Gross Area, psi (MPa)Maximum Water Absorptionby 5-h Boiling, %Averageof 5 BrickIndividualAverageof 5 BrickIndividualSewer bric
31、k:Grade SSGrade SMA8000 (55)5000 (34)6000 (41)3750 (26)6.012.09.015.0Manhole brick:Grade MSAGrade MMB3000 (21)2500 (17)2500 (17)2200 (15)17.022.020.025.0AWhere a high and uniform degree of resistance to frost action in the presence ofmoisture is required, Grades SM and MS shall conform to the additi
32、onal require-ments that the saturation coefficient (C/B), that is, ratio of absorption by 24-hsubmersion in cold water to that after 5-h submersion in boiling water, shall notexceed 0.80. If the average compressive strength is greater than 8000 psi or theaverage water absorption is less than 8.0 % after 24-h submersion in cold water,the requirement for saturation coefficient shall be waived.BMaximum saturation coefficient for Grade MM brick shall not exceed 0.90.C32 13 (2017)2
