1、Designation: D8047 17aStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a CaterpillarC13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive DieselEngine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8047; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by laboratories t
3、hat make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)2services (see Annex A1).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the TMC.In ge
4、neral, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant ReviewComm
5、ittee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test Purchaser) has an as
6、surance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.1. Scope*1.1 This test method evalua
7、tes an engine oils resistance toaeration in automotive diesel engine service. It is commonlyreferred to as the Caterpillar-C13 Engine-Oil Aeration Test(COAT). The test is conducted under high-engine-speed(1800 rmin), zero-load conditions using a specified Caterpillar320 kW, direct-injection, turboch
8、arged, after-cooled, six-cylinder diesel engine designed for heavy-duty, on-highwaytruck use. This test method was developed as a replacement forTest Method D6894.NOTE 1Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil perfor-mance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision
9、 ofSpecification D4485.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent, forexample, screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, andtubing size.1.3 This test method is
10、 arranged as follows:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Engine Liquids and Cleaning Solvent 7Preparation of Apparatus 8Engine Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests 9Procedure 10Calculation, Test Validity and Test Results
11、11Report 12Precision and Bias 13Keywords 14ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1Safety Precautions Annex A2Engine and Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3Oil Temperature Control System Annex A4Engine Modifications and Instrumentation Annex A5External Oil System Annex A6Aeration Measurement Sy
12、stem Annex A71This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 2016.
13、 Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8047 17. DOI:10.1520/D8047-17A.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555
14、 PennAvenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention Administrator. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all information letters through No. 17-1. http:/www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
15、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the Worl
16、d Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1SectionSpecified Units and Formats Annex A8ASTM TMC: Calibration Procedures Annex A9ASTM TMC: Maintenance Activities Annex A10ASTM TMC: Related Information Annex A11Engine Break-in and Silicon Passivation Procedure Annex A12Schedule f
17、or Taking Oil Samples and Carrying outAnalysesAnnex A13Determination of Operational Validity Annex A14Specification for PC-10 ULSD Fuel Annex A15Typical System Configuration Appendix X11.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
18、responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See Annex A2 for general safety precautions.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with inter
19、nationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 T
20、est Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD2
21、35 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
22、Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liq
23、uid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used DieselEngine Oils by Gas Ch
24、romatographyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD5185 Test Method for Multielement
25、Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of the AromaticContent and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of DieselFuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical FluidChromatograph
26、yD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evalua-tor (SLBOCLE)D6894 Test
27、 Method for Evaluation ofAeration Resistance ofEngine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged AutomotiveDiesel EngineD7549 Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty EngineOils under High Output ConditionsCaterpillar C13 TestProcedureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conf
28、ormance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven byinternal combustion engines. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unbu
29、rned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation. D41753.1.3 break-in, vin internal combustion engines, the run-ning of a new engine under prescribed conditions to helpstabilize engine response and help remove initial frictioncharacteristics associated with
30、 new engine parts. D41753.1.4 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of ameasuring device or a given engine with respect to a standard.D41753.1.5 calibrated test stand, na test stand on which thetesting of reference material(s), conducted as specified in thestandard, provided acceptable t
31、est results.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant stan-dard test methods, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center providestesting guidance and determines acceptability. D41753.1.6 calibration oil, nan oil that is used to determine theindication or output of a measuring device or a given enginewi
32、th respect to a standard. D41753.1.7 calibration test, nan engine test conducted on areference oil under carefully prescribed conditions, the resultsof which are used to determine the suitability of the enginestand/laboratory for such tests on non-reference oils.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit
33、 the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D8047 17a23.1.7.1 DiscussionA calibration test also includes testsconducted on parts to ensure the
34、ir suitability for use inreference and non-reference tests. D41753.1.8 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is to be tested against that specification.3.1.8.1 DiscussionThese oils are mainly submitted fortesting as can
35、didates to satisfy a specified performance; hencethe designation of the term. D41753.1.9 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heatparticularly from the underside of pistons; and serves ascombustion gas sealant for the piston
36、rings.3.1.9.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, depositformation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming areexamples. D41753.1.10 foam, nin liquids, a collection of bubbles formed inthe liquid or on (at) its surface in which the air
37、(or gas) is themajor component on a volumetric basis. D41753.1.11 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion enginetypes, one that is designed to allow operation continuous at orclose to its peak output.3.1.11.1 DiscussionThis type of engine is typically in-stalled in large trucks and buses as well
38、as farm, industrial, andconstruction equipment. D41753.1.12 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D41753.1.13 lubricant test monitoring system (LTMS), nan ana-lytical system in which ASTM calibration test data are used tomana
39、ge lubricant test precision and severity (bias). D41753.1.14 mass fraction of B, wB,nmass of a component B ina mixture divided by the total mass of all the constituents of themixture.3.1.14.1 DiscussionValues are expressed as pure numbersor the ratio of two units of mass (for example, mass fraction
40、oflead is wB=1.310-6= 1.3 mg/kg).3.1.15 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D41753.1.16 quality index (QI), na mathematical formula thatuses data from controlled properties to calculate a valueindicative of control
41、 performance. D41753.1.17 quantity, nin the SI, a measurable property of abody or substance where the property has a magnitude ex-pressed as the product of a number and a unit; there are seven,well-defined base quantities (length, time, mass, temperature,amount of substance, electric current, and lu
42、minous intensity)from which all other quantities are derived (for example,volume, whose SI unit is the cubic metre).3.1.17.1 DiscussionSymbols for quantities must be care-fully defined; are written in italic font, can be upper or lowercase, and can be qualified by adding further information insubscr
43、ipts, or superscripts, or in parentheses (for example, Tfuel= 40 C, where T is used as the symbol for the quantitytemperature and Tfuelis the symbol for the specific quantityfuel temperature).3.1.18 reference oil, nan oil of known performancecharacteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.18.1 D
44、iscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D41753.1.19 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure.3.1.19.1 DiscussionIt can be any oil sele
45、cted by thelaboratory conducting the test. It could be an experimentalproduct or a commercially available oil. Often it is an oil thatis a candidate for approval against engine oil specifications(such as manufacturers or military specifications, and soforth). D41753.1.20 volume fraction of B, B,nvol
46、ume of component Bdivided by the total volume of the all the constituents of themixture prior to mixing.3.1.20.1 DiscussionValues are expressed as pure numbersor the ratio of two units of volume (for example, B= 0.012 =1.2 % = 1.2 cL/L).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aerati
47、on, nin lubricants, the action of impregnatingwith air that forms foam bubbles in or on the surface of alubricant or is entrained as a dispersion in that lubricant.3.2.2 flush, nthe action of cleaning out the engine oilsystem using new test oil to remove any residues as well as tominimize possible c
48、arryover effect from the previous test oil.3.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms:3.3.1 ACERTAdvanced Combustion Emission ReductionTechnology3.3.2 ACMAlkyl Acrylate Copolymer3.3.3 BLBaseline (refers to density of fresh, un-aerated oilat 90 C)3.3.4 BOTBeginning of Test3.3.5 CARBCalifornia Air Resources Board
49、3.3.6 Cat4abbreviation for Caterpillar3.3.7 COATCaterpillar-C13 Oil-Aeration Test3.3.8 ELC5Extended-Life Coolant3.3.9 EOATEngine-Oil Aeration Test3.3.10 ETEngine Technician3.3.11 EOTEnd of Test3.3.12 FDMFlow and Density Meter3.3.13 ICP-AESInductively Coupled Plasma AtomicEmission Spectrometry3.3.14 IDInternal Diameter3.3.15 LTMSLubricant Test Monitoring System3.3.16 NPTNational Pipe Thread3.3.17 OAOil Aeration3.3.18 P/NPart Number (applies only to parts sourcedfrom Caterpillar)4Registered trademark of Caterpilla
