1、Designation: E970 17 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forCritical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Usinga Radiant Heat Energy Source1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E970; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedurefor measurin
3、g the critical radiant flux of exposed attic floorinsulation subjected to a flaming ignition source in a gradedradiant heat energy environment in a test chamber. Thespecimen is any attic floor insulation. This test method is notapplicable to those insulations that melt or shrink away whenexposed to
4、the radiant heat energy environment or the pilotburner.1.2 This fire-test-response standard measures the criticalradiant flux at the point at which the flame advances thefarthest. It provides a basis for estimating one aspect of fireexposure behavior for exposed attic floor insulation. Theimposed ra
5、diant flux simulates the thermal radiation levelslikely to impinge on the floors of attics whose upper surfacesare heated by the sun through the roof or by flames from anincidental fire in the attic. This fire-test-response standard wasdeveloped to simulate an important fire exposure component offir
6、es that develop in attics, but is not intended for use inestimating flame spread behavior of insulation installed otherthan on the attic floor.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 The text of this standard refere
7、nces notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory information. These notes andfootnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not beconsidered as requirements of this standard.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame
8、under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. I
9、t is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(
10、excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Stan
11、dards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket orBatt Thermal InsulationsC665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insu-l
12、ation for Light Frame Construction and ManufacturedHousingC739 Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Loose-Fill ThermalInsulationC764 Specification for Mineral Fiber Loose-Fill ThermalInsulationE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample
13、Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Cover
14、ing Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on SurfaceBurning.Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 1983. Last prev
15、ious edition approved in 2014 as E970 14. DOI: 10.1520/E0970-17.2For referened ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websit
16、e.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization es
17、tablished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE2653
18、Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine Precision Estimates for a Fire Test Methodwith Fewer Than Six Participating Laboratories2.2 Federal Specifications:HH-I-515 Insulation Thermal (Loose Fill for Pneumatic orPoured Application), Cellulosic or Wood Fiber3HH-I-521, Insulation B
19、lankets, Thermal (Mineral Fiber, forAmbient Temperature)3HH-I-1030 Insulation, Thermal (Mineral Fiber, for Pneu-matic or Poured Application)33. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method andassociated with fire issues refer to the terminology contained inTerminology E176.3.2 De
20、finitions:3.2.1 attic, nan accessible enclosed space in a buildingimmediately below the roof and wholly or partly within theroof framing.3.2.2 See Terminology E631 for additional definitions ofterms used in this test method.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 critical radiant fl
21、ux, nthe level of incident radiantheat energy on the attic floor insulation system at the mostdistant flame-out point. It is reported as W/cm2(or Btu/ft2s).3.3.2 radiant flux profile, nthe graph relating incidentradiant heat energy on the specimen plane to distance from thepoint of initiation of fla
22、ming ignition, that is, 0 mm.3.3.3 total flux metre, nthe instrument used to measure thelevel of radiant heat energy incident on the specimen plane atany point.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A horizontally mounted insulation specimen is exposedto the heat from an air-gas radiant heat energy panel loca
23、tedabove and inclined at 30 6 5 to the specimen. After a shortpreheat, the hottest end of the specimen is ignited with a smallcalibrated flame. The distance to the farthest advance offlaming is measured, converted to kilowatts per square meterfrom a previously prepared radiant flux profile graph, an
24、dreported as the critical radiant flux.5. Significance and Use5.1 This fire-test-response standard is designed to provide abasis for estimating one aspect of the fire exposure behavior toexposed insulation installed on the floors of building attics. Thetest environment is intended to simulate condit
25、ions that havebeen observed and defined in full-scale attic experiments.5.2 The test is intended to be suitable for regulatory statutes,specification acceptance, design purposes, or development andresearch.5.3 The fundamental assumption inherent in the test is thatcritical radiant flux is one measur
26、e of the surface burningcharacteristics of exposed insulation on floors or between joistsof attics.5.4 The test is applicable to attic floor insulation specimensthat follow or simulate accepted installation practice.5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one ormore specific sets of la
27、boratory fire test exposure conditions. Ifdifferent test conditions are substituted or the anticipatedend-use conditions are changed, caution should be used topredict changes in the performance characteristics measured byor from this test. Therefore, the results are strictly valid onlyfor the fire t
28、est exposure conditions described in this procedure.5.5.1 If the test results obtained by this test method are to beconsidered in the total assessment of fire hazard in a buildingstructure, then all pertinent established criteria for fire hazardassessment developed by Committee E-5 must be included
29、inthe consideration.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus shall be as shown in Fig. 1, located in adraft-protected laboratory that maintains a temperature from10.0 to 26.7C (50 to 80F) and a relative humidity from 30 to70 %:6.1.1 The radiant panel test chamber (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) shallconsist of an enclosur
30、e 1400 mm (55 in.) long by 500 mm(1912 in.) deep by 710 mm (28 in.) above the test specimen.The sides, ends, and top shall be of 13-mm (12-in.) calciumsilicate, 740-kg/m3(46-lb/ft3) nominal density, insulating ma-terial with a thermal conductivity at 177C (350F) of 0.128W/(mK) (0.89 Btu in./(hft2F).
31、 One side shall be providedwith an approximately 100 by 1100 mm (4 by 44 in.) draft-tightfire-resistant glass window so that the entire length of the testspecimen is visible from outside the fire test chamber. On thesame side and below the observation window is a door which,when open, allows the spe
32、cimen platform to be moved out for3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.NOTE 1All dimensions in millimetres. 1 in. = 25.4 mm.FIG. 1 Flooring Radiant Tester Schematic, Side ElevationE97
33、0 172mounting or removal of test specimens. At the low flux end ofthe chamber on the 500 mm side, a draft-tight fire-resistantwindow is permitted for additional observations.6.1.2 The bottom of the test chamber shall consist of asliding steel platform which has provisions for rigidly securingthe tes
34、t specimen holder in fixed and level position. The free,or air access, area around the platform shall be in the rangefrom 0.2580 to 0.3225 m2(400 to 500 in.2).6.1.3 When the flame front advance is to be measured, ametal scale marked with 10 mm intervals shall be installed onthe back of the platform
35、or on the back wall of the chamber.6.1.4 The top of the chamber shall have an exhaust stackwith interior dimensions of 102 6 3mm(46 0.13 in.) wideby 380 6 3 mm (15.00 6 0.13 in.) deep by 318 6 3mm(12.506 0.13 in.) high at the opposite end of the chamber fromthe radiant energy source.6.2 Radiant Heat
36、 Energy Source, a panel of porous materialmounted in a cast iron or steel frame, with a radiation surfaceof 305 by 457 mm (12 by 18 in.). It shall be capable ofoperating at temperatures up to 816C (1500F). The panel fuelsystem shall consist of a venturi-type aspirator for mixing gas4and air at appro
37、ximately atmospheric pressure, a clean dry airsupply capable of providing 28.3 m3/h (1000 f3t/h) at standardtemperature and pressure at 76 mm (3.0 in.) of water, andsuitable instrumentation for monitoring and controlling theflow of fuel to the panel.6.2.1 The radiant heat energy panel is mounted in
38、thechamber at 30 6 5 to the horizontal specimen plane. Theradiant energy panel angle shall be adjusted to obtain the fluxprofile within the limits specified in accordance with 10.6. Thehorizontal distance from the 0 mark on the specimen fixture tothe bottom edge (projected) of the radiating surface
39、of thepanel is 89 6 3 mm (3.5 6 0.13 in.). The panel-to-specimenvertical distance is 140 6 3 mm (5.5 6 0.13 in.) (Fig. 1).6.2.2 Radiation Pyrometer for standardizing the thermaloutput of the panel, suitable for viewing a circular area 254 mm(10 in.) in diameter at a range of about 1.37 m (54 in.). I
40、t shallbe calibrated over the 460 to 510C (860 to 950F) operatingblackbody temperature range in accordance with the proceduredescribed in Annex A1.6.2.3 Voltmeter, high-impedance or potentiometric, with asuitable millivolt range shall be used to monitor the output ofthe radiation pyrometer described
41、 in 6.2.2.6.3 Dummy Specimen Holder (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), con-structed from heat-resistant stainless steel (UNS N08330 (AISIType 330) or equivalent) having a thickness of 1.98 mm (0.078in.) and an overall dimension of 1140 by 320 mm (45 by 1234in.) with a specimen opening of 200 by 1000 mm (7.9 by 39
42、.4in.). Six slots shall be cut in the flange on either side of theholder to reduce warping. The holder shall be fastened to theplatform with two stud bolts at each end.6.4 Dummy Specimen, used in the flux profiledetermination, made of 19-mm (34-in.) inorganic 740-kg/m3(46-lb/ft3) nominal density cal
43、cium silicate board (Fig. 3 andFig. 4). It is 250 mm (10 in.) wide by 1070 mm (42 in.) longwith 27-mm (1116-in.) diameter holes centered on and along4Gas used in this test method shall be either commercial grade propane havinga heating value of approximately 83.1 MJ/m3(2500 Btu/ft3), or natural gas,
44、 orcommercial grade methane having a minimum purity of 96 %.NOTE 1All dimensions in millimetres. 1 in. = 25.4 mm.FIG. 2 Flooring Radiant Panel Tester Schematic Low Flux End,ElevationNOTE 1All dimensions in millimetres. 1 in. = 25.4 mm.FIG. 3 Zero Reference Point Related to Detecting PlaneE970 173the
45、 centerline at the 100, 200, 300, ., 900, and 980-mmlocations measured from the maximum flux end of the speci-men.6.4.1 To provide proper and consistent seating of the fluxmeter in the hole openings, a stainless steel or galvanized steelbearing plate (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) shall be mounted and firmlyse
46、cured to the underside of the calcium silicate board withholes corresponding to those specified above. The bearing plateshall run the length of the dummy specimen board and have awidth of 76 mm (3.0 in.). The thickness of the bearing plateshall be set in order to maintain the flux meter height speci
47、fiedin 10.5. The maximum thickness of the bearing plate shall notexceed 3 mm (18 in.).6.5 Total Heat Flux Transducer, to determine the flux profileof the chamber in conjunction with the dummy specimen (Fig.3), shall be of the Schmidt-Boelter5type, have a range from 0to 1.5 W/cm2(0 to 1.32 Btu/ft2s)
48、and shall be calibrated overthe operating flux level range from 0.01 to 1.5 W/cm2inaccordance with the procedure outlined in Annex A1. A sourceof 15 to 25C cooling water shall be provided for thisinstrument.6.5.1 Voltmeter, high-impedance or potentiometric, with arange from 0 to 10 mV and reading to
49、 0.01 mV shall be usedto measure the output of the total heat flux transducer duringthe flux profile determination.6.6 Specimen Tray (Fig. 5), constructed from 14-gage heat-resistant stainless steel (UNS-N08330 (AISI Type 330) orequivalent), thickness 1.98 mm (0.078 in.). The depth of thetray is 50 mm (2 in.). The flanges of the specimen tray aredrilled to accommodate two stud bolts at each end; the bottomsurface of the flange is 21 mm (0.83 in.) below the top edge ofthe specimen tray. The overall dimensions of the tray and thewidt
