1、Designation: C1364 17Standard Specification forArchitectural Cast Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1364; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses i
2、ndicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification includes the physical properties,sampling, testing, tolerance, and appearance requirements forarchitectural cast stone.1.2 Cast stone units
3、 covered under this specification includeboth wet cast and vibratory dry tamp products. Productionmethods of cast stone can vary among manufacturers; manyproduction methods are acceptable provided the delivered caststone meets the requirements of this specification.1.3 Surface textures, finish, colo
4、r, special applications, orother features shall be specified by the purchaser. Slump,manufacturing method, and apparatus shall be selected by themanufacturer and not specified by the purchaser.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses ar
5、e mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,
6、 health and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Inte
7、rnational Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33/C33M Specification for Concret
8、e AggregatesC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC173/C173M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetric MethodC231/C231M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC426 T
9、est Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of ConcreteMasonry UnitsC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resis
10、tance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Col-ored ConcreteC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inConcrete and MortarsC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for HydraulicCementC1194 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Architec-
11、tural Cast StoneC1195 Test Method for Absorption of Architectural CastStoneD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinates
12、2.2 ACI Standards:318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cast stone, nan architectural precast concrete build-ing unit intended to simulate natural cut stone.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C27 on PrecastConcrete Prod
13、ucts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.20 onArchitectural and Structural Products.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C1364 161. DOI:10.1520/C1364-17.2For referenced ASTM standards,
14、 visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), 38800 Country Club Dr.,Farmington Hills,
15、MI 48331-3439, http:/www.concrete.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on
16、Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.2 vibrant dry tamp (dry cast) products, ncast stonemanufactured from zero slump concrete densely compacted byapparatus. (See No
17、te 1.)3.1.3 wet cast products, ncast stone manufactured frommeasurable slump concrete consolidated by apparatus. (SeeNote 1.)NOTE 1Apparatus used in the production of cast stone may includeautomatic, semi-automatic, or manual devices that deploy internal orexternal vibration, vibrant tamping, vibrat
18、ion under pressure, centrifugalcasting, or combinations of these techniques to achieve the specifiedphysical properties.4. Materials and Design4.1 Raw MaterialsMaterials shall conform to the follow-ing specifications:4.1.1 Cement:4.1.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150/C150M.4.1.1.2 Blended Cement
19、Specification C595/C595M.4.1.1.3 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157/C1157M.4.1.2 AggregatesSpecification C33/C33M, except forgrading requirements.4.1.3 Coloring PigmentSpecification C979/C979M, ex-cept that carbon black pigment shall not be used.4.1.4 ReinforcementSpecification A615/A615M.4.1.5 Che
20、mical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shallconform to the following applicable specifications:4.1.5.1 Air Entraining AdmixturesSpecification C260/C260M, except for vibrant dry tamp products.4.1.5.2 Water Reducing and Accelerating AdmixturesSpecification C494/C494M.4.1.5.3 Other ConstituentsIntegral wa
21、ter repellents andother chemicals for which no ASTM standard exists shall bepreviously established as suitable for use in concrete by provenfield performance or through laboratory testing.4.1.6 Ground SlagSpecification C989/C989M.4.1.7 Fly Ash or Natural PozzolanSpecification C618.4.2 DesignSamples
22、shall be submitted for approval ofcolor and texture. The manufacturer shall prepare drawings forapproval showing shapes, sizes, reinforcement, exposed faces,and anchorage provisions. The purchaser or his authorizedrepresentative shall approve the samples and drawings beforemanufacture.4.3 Reinforcem
23、ent:4.3.1 Reinforcement shall be new billet steel reinforcingbars meeting the requirements of Specification A615/A615Munless specified otherwise by the purchaser.4.3.2 Reinforce units when necessary for safe handling andstructural stress.4.3.3 Reinforcement shall be noncorrosive where facesexposed t
24、o weather are covered with less than 1.5 in. (38 mm)of concrete material. All reinforcement shall have minimumcoverage of twice the diameter of the bars.4.3.4 Area of reinforcement in panels greater than 24 in.(600 mm) in more than one direction shall be not less than0.25 % of the cross section area
25、 in that direction. Units lessthan 24 in. (600 mm) in both their length and width dimensionshall be non-reinforced unless otherwise specified.5. Physical Requirements5.1 Compressive StrengthAt 28 days after manufacture,not less than 6500 psi (45 MPa), when tested in accordancewith Test Method C1194.
26、5.2 Absorption, Cold WaterAt 28 days after manufacture,not greater than 6.0 %, when tested in accordance with MethodA, Cold Water of Test Method C1195.5.3 Air ContentProvide sufficient air content to meet thefreeze-thaw requirements for wet cast products, when the aircontent is tested in accordance
27、with Test Method C173/C173Mor Test Method C231/C231M.5.4 Field Testing of cast stone shall be in accordance withTest Methods C1194 and C1195. Field tested specimens shallhave a minimum compressive strength of 85 % with no singlespecimen testing less than 75 % of the design requirement asallowed by A
28、CI 318.5.5 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing:5.5.1 The cast stone shall be tested using Test MethodC666/C666M, Procedure A, except the method of evaluation isto be based on cumulative percent loss in mass and not relativedynamic modulus of elasticity and durability factor. Follow theprocedure modif
29、ications to Test Method C666/C666M in5.5.1.1 through 5.5.1.5.5.5.1.1 After the cast stone is 14 days of age, wet-saw three3 by 4 by 16 in. (76 by 102 by 406 mm) beams from a singlesample of cast stone to represent three specimens for a singletest. One surface of each beam shall be from the exposed,f
30、ormed face of the sample and the remaining sides shall be sawcut. The allowable size tolerance of the specimens shall be 618in. (3 mm).5.5.1.2 Do not oven dry the beam specimens until all testingfor resistance to freezing and thawing has been completed.5.5.1.3 Submerge each beam specimen in lime-sat
31、uratedwater at 73.4 6 3F (23 6 1.7C) at least 24 h prior tosubjection to freezing and thawing. Subject each specimen tofreezing and thawing as described in Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure A. Inspect each specimen every 30 to 36cycles and collect the fragments caused by freeze-thaw cyclingfrom each
32、 specimen individually to monitor loss in massduring testing. For each specimen, oven dry the spalledmaterial and determine its mass until the loss in mass due todrying is not more than 0.2 % in2hofdrying. Record the dataindividually and cumulatively for each specimen throughoutthe test until 300 cy
33、cles are completed or the mass lost is atleast 10 %, whichever occurs first. Specimens shall then beoven dried at a temperature of 212 to 230F (100 to 110C)until the loss in mass due to drying is not more than 0.1 % in48 h of drying. They shall be removed from the oven andallowed to cool at room tem
34、perature for approximately 30 minbefore measuring final dry mass. The initial dry mass of eachspecimen is considered to be the final dry mass of the specimenplus the total dry mass of fragments collected from the beamthroughout the test.5.5.1.4 Calculate the cumulative percent mass loss (CPWL)for ea
35、ch beam specimen as follows:CPWL Beam!,%5SS1B3100 (1)C1364 172where:CPWL (Beam) = cumulative percent mass loss,S = total dry mass of spalled material, andB = oven dried beam mass at the end of the test.5.5.1.5 Calculate the CPWL for the sample. The CPWL ofthe sample is the average CPWL (Beam) of the
36、 three speci-mens.5.5.1.6 It is not possible to specify the precision of theprocedure in this specification for freeze-thaw because data isnot yet available. Since there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias of results of this test, nostatement on bias is being made.5.5.
37、2 The CPWL shall be less than 5.0 % after 300 cycles offreezing and thawing.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 Cross section dimensions shall not deviate by more than618 in. (3 mm) from approved dimensions.6.2 Length of units shall not deviate by more than length/360 or 618 in. (3 mm), whic
38、hever is greater, not to exceed 614in. (6 mm).7. Sampling and Testing7.1 Sample and test units of cast stone for compressivestrength and absorption in accordance with Test MethodsC1194 and C1195, respectively.7.2 Freeze/thaw durability shall be based on tests of caststone units of any configuration
39、or dimension made with thesame materials, concrete mix design, manufacturing process,and curing method, conducted in accordance with 5.5 andwithin 24 months of production of the units.7.3 Total linear drying shrinkage shall be based on tests ofcast stone units of any configuration or dimension made
40、withthe same materials, concrete mix design, manufacturingprocess, and curing method, conducted in accordance with TestMethod C426 and within 24 months of production of the units.7.4 Visually examine units in accordance with Section 8.7.5 Visually examine color differences between units andthe appro
41、ved sample under daylight illumination as definedunder Spectral Power Distribution in paragraph 5.1.1.1 ofPractice D1729.7.6 Instrumentally examine color differences, if required, inaccordance with Test Method D2244.8. Visual Inspection8.1 All surfaces intended to be exposed to view shall have afine
42、-grained texture similar to natural stone, with no air voidsin excess of132 in. (0.8 mm) and the density of such voids shallbe less than three occurrences per any 1 in.2(25 mm2) and notobvious under direct daylight illumination from a 5-ft (1.5-m)distance, unless otherwise specified.8.2 Minor chippi
43、ng resulting from shipment and deliveryshall not be grounds for rejection. Minor chipping shall not beobvious under direct daylight illumination from a 20-ft (6-m)distance.8.3 Units shall exhibit a texture approximately equal to theapproved sample when viewed under direct daylight illumina-tion at a
44、 10-ft (3-m) distance.8.4 The occurrence of crazing or efflorescence shall notconstitute a cause for rejection.9. Permissible Variation in Color9.1 Total Color DifferenceNot greater than 6 units fromthe approved sample or between units of comparable agesubjected to similar weathering when tested in
45、accordance withthe color difference equation in paragraph 6.2.1 of Test MethodD2244.9.2 Hue DifferenceNot greater than 2 units from theapproved sample or between units of comparable age subjectedto similar weathering when tested in accordance with the colordifference equation in paragraph 6.2.7 of T
46、est Method D2244.10. Rejection10.1 If the shipment fails to conform to physical or visualrequirements in Sections 5 and 7, the manufacturer may recallthe shipment, sort it, and new specimens shall be selected bythe purchaser and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. Ifthe second set of specimen
47、s fails to conform to the testrequirements, the entire shipment shall be rejected.10.2 Units shall be visually inspected and tested prior toinstallation.11. Keywords11.1 architectural cast stone; precast building unit; simulatenatural stoneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity
48、 of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject
49、to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee
