1、Designation: D3359 17Standard Test Methods forRating Adhesion by Tape Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for assessing theadhesion of rel
3、atively ductile coating films to metallic sub-strates by applying and removing pressure-sensitive tape overcuts made in the film.1.2 Test Method A is primarily intended for use in the fieldwhile Test Method B is more suitable for use in laboratory orshop environments. Also, Test Method B is not cons
4、ideredsuitable for films thicker than 125m (5 mils) unless widerspaced cuts are employed and there is an explicit agreementbetween the purchaser and seller.1.3 These test methods are used to evaluate whether theadhesion of a coating to a substrate is adequate for the usersapplication. They do not di
5、stinguish between higher levels ofadhesion for which more sophisticated methods of measure-ment are required.1.4 This test method is similar in content (but not techni-cally equivalent) to ISO 2409.1.5 In multicoat systems adhesion failure may occur be-tween coats so that the adhesion of the coating
6、 system to thesubstrate is not determined.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.7 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the use
7、r of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated
8、 Coating ProductsD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applica-tionsD1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy
9、Surfaces for PaintingD2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)Steel Surfaces for Painting (Withdrawn 2008)3D2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coat-ingsD3330/D3330M Test Method for PeelAdhesion of Pressure-Sensitive TapeD3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioni
10、ng andTesting Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials(Withdrawn 2016)3D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber Abraser2.2 Other Standard:ISO 2409 Paint and Varnishes Cross-cut test4PSTC 101 International Standard for Peel Adhesion ofPressure Sensitive Tape53.
11、Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied PaintFilms.Current ed
12、ition approved Feb. 1, 2017. Published March 2017. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D3359 092. DOI:10.1520/D3359-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSt
13、andards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.o
14、rg.5Available from the Pressure Sensitive Tape Council (PSTC), 1833 Centre PointCircle, Suite 123, Naperville, IL 60563, http:/www.pstc.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
15、959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
16、 Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.1 adhesion, nthe molecular attraction and mechanicalbonds between a coating and its substrate.3.1.2 batch, nas it pertains to tape, a unique productionrun during manufacturing.3.1.3 blemish, nan obvious surface flaw, such as crackingor discoloration of the coa
17、ting.3.1.4 environmental conditions, nthe characteristics of theimmediate surroundings during the tests, such as temperature,and relative humidity.3.1.5 immersion conditions, nthe characteristics of thefluid to which the test specimen was exposed, such as type offluid, temperature of fluid and durat
18、ion of immersion.3.1.6 lap, none complete turn of the tape on a roll; theouter exposed layer of tape.3.1.7 lattice pattern, none series of parallel lines inter-sected by another set of parallel lines that are at 90 to andcentered on the first set.3.1.8 mean, nthe classification rating that is obtain
19、ed byadding together the digits of the classification ratings of thetests performed and dividing by the number of tests, frequentlyrounded to the nearest whole number classification rating.3.1.9 pressure-sensitive tape, ntape with an adhesive thatrequires some degree of pressure, and only pressure,
20、toadequately bond to a surface.3.1.10 range, nthe span of classification ratings for a setof tests, from minimum classification rating to maximumclassification rating.3.1.11 solvent, na liquid agent capable of dissolving ordispersing contaminants from the surface of the coating or film.3.1.12 substr
21、ate, nthe structural foundation beneath thecoating or film being tested.3.1.13 template, na thin, rigid plate containing evenlydistributed, parallel slits for use as a guide in generating thelattice pattern when accompanied by a single-blade cuttingtool.3.1.14 test specimen, nthe object whose coatin
22、gs adhesionis of interest.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Test Method AAn X-cut is made through the film tothe substrate, pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the cut andthen removed, and adhesion is assessed qualitatively ona0to5 scale.4.2 Test Method BA lattice pattern with either six oreleven cu
23、ts in each direction is made through the film to thesubstrate, pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the latticepattern and then removed, and adhesion is assessed qualita-tively ona0to5scale.4.2.1 Subject to agreement between the purchaser and theseller, Test Method B can be used for films thicker
24、 than 125 m(5 mils) if wider spaced cuts are employed.5. Significance and Use5.1 In order for a coating is to fulfill its function ofprotecting or decorating a substrate, the coating must remainadhered to the substrate. Because the substrate and its surfacepreparation (or lack thereof) have a drasti
25、c effect on theadhesion of coatings, a method to evaluate adhesion of acoating to different substrates or surface treatments, or ofdifferent coatings to the same substrate, is of considerableusefulness in the industry.5.2 This test method is limited to evaluating lower levels ofadhesion (see 1.3). T
26、he intra- and inter-laboratory precision ofthis test method is similar to other test methods for coatedsubstrates (for example, Test Method D2370 and Test MethodD4060), and is insensitive to all but large differences inadhesion. Limiting the range of rankings from 0 to 5 reflectsthe inability of thi
27、s test method to make fine distinctionsbetween levels of adhesion. Users shall not use intermediatevalues for ranking adhesion tests within this method.5.3 Extremes in temperatures or relative humidity mayaffect the adhesion of the tape or the coating.5.4 A given tape may not adhere equally well to
28、differentcoatings due to several factors, including differences in coatingcomposition and topology. As such, no single tape is likely tobe suitable for testing all coatings. Furthermore, these testmethods do not give an absolute value for the force required forbond rupture, but serves only as an ind
29、icator that someminimum value for bond strength was met or exceeded (1, 2).65.5 Operators performing these test methods must be trainedand practiced in order to obtain consistent results. The accuracyand precision of the test result obtained by using these methodsdepends largely upon the skill of th
30、e operator and the opera-tors ability to perform the test in a consistent manner. Keysteps that directly reflect the importance of operator skillinclude the angle and rate of tape removal and the visualassessment of the tested sample. It is not unexpected thatdifferent operators might obtain differe
31、nt results (1, 2).5.6 The standard requires that the free end of the tape beremoved rapidly at as close to a 180 angle as possible. Whenthe peel angle and rate vary, the force required to remove thetape can change dramatically due to the rheological propertiesof the backing and adhesive. Variation i
32、n pull rate and peelangle can effect large differences in test values and must beminimized to assure reproducibility (3).NOTE 1These test methods have been reported being used to measureadhesion of organic coatings on non-metallic substrates (for example,wood and plastic), although related precision
33、 and bias data is lacking. Iftesting coatings on non-metallic substrates, either Test Method A or TestMethod B may be more appropriate and the method employed should bediscussed by interested parties. Issues with plastic substrates are noted inAppendix X1. A similar test method, ISO 2409, permits te
34、sts onnon-metallic substrates (for example, wood and plaster). Precision andbias data on the latter is lacking. Test Method D3359 was developed with6The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.D3359 172metal as the substrate and, in the absence o
35、f supporting precision and biasdata, is so limited.TEST METHOD AX-CUT TAPE TEST6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Cutting ToolSharp razor blade, scalpel, knife or otherfine-edged cutting device. The cutting edges shall be in goodcondition, preferably new or newly sharpened.6.2 Cutting GuideSteel or other
36、 hard metal straightedge toensure straight cuts.6.3 Tape25-mm (1.0-in.) wide transparent or semitrans-parent pressure-sensitive tape with an adhesive peel strengthbetween 6.34 N/cm (58 oz/in.) and 7.00 N/cm (64 oz/in.), astested in accordance with Test Method D3330/D3330M, TestMethod A, (equivalent
37、to PSTC 101) and utilizing a 90 seconddwell time on a standard steel panel.6.3.1 Other tapes may be used by agreement between theparties involved.6.3.2 Due to variability in adhesion strength from batch-to-batch and changes in adhesion properties of tapes over time,tape from the same batch shall be
38、used when tests are to be runin different laboratories. When use of the same batch is notfollowed the test method shall be used only for ranking a seriesof test coatings. Refer to X1.5 for additional information6.4 Pressure Application DeviceAlthough other devicesmay suffice, a rubber eraser or rubb
39、er roller is commonly usedto ensure good and uniform wetting of the coating with theadhesive of the tape.6.5 IlluminationA light source is helpful in determiningwhether the cuts have been made through the film to thesubstrate.7. Test Specimens7.1 When this test method is used in the field, the speci
40、menis the coated structure or article on which the adhesion is to beevaluated.7.2 For laboratory use apply the materials to be tested topanels of the composition and surface conditions on which it isdesired to determine the adhesion.NOTE 2Applicable test panel description and surface preparationmeth
41、ods are given in Practice D609 and Practices D1730 and D2092.NOTE 3Coatings should be applied in accordance with Practice D823,or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.NOTE 4If desired or specified, the coated test panels may be subjectedto a preliminary exposure such as water immersio
42、n, salt spray, or highhumidity before conducting the tape test. The conditions and time ofexposure will be governed by ultimate coating use or shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and seller.8. Procedure8.1 Select an area free of blemishes and minor surfaceimperfections. The area chosen for tes
43、ting shall be clean anddry.8.1.1 For specimens which have been immersed: Afterimmersion, clean and wipe the surface with an appropriatesolvent which will not harm the integrity of the coating. Thendry or prepare the surface, or both, as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.8.2 Make two cu
44、ts in the film each about 40 mm (1.5 in.)long that intersect near their middle with a smaller angle ofbetween 30 and 45. When making the incisions, use thestraightedge and cut through the coating to the substrate in onesteady motion.8.3 Inspect the incisions for reflection of light from themetal sub
45、strate to establish that the coating film has beenpenetrated. If the substrate has not been reached make anotherX in a different location. Do not attempt to deepen a previouscut as this may affect adhesion along the incision.8.4 At each day of testing, before initiation of testing,remove two complet
46、e laps of tape from the roll and discard.Remove an additional length at a steady (that is, not jerked)rate and cut a piece about 75 mm (3 in.) long.8.5 Place the center of the tape at the intersection of the cutswith the tape running in the same direction as the smallerangles. Smooth the tape into p
47、lace by finger in the area of theincisions taking care not to entrap air under the tape. Rubfirmly over the surface of the tape with the pressure applicationdevice until the color is uniform in appearance. This indicatesgood, uniform contact between the tapes adhesive and thecoating surface.8.6 With
48、in 90 6 30 s of application, remove the tape byseizing the free end and pulling it off rapidly (not jerked) backupon itself at as close to an angle of 180 as possible.8.7 Inspect the X-cut area for removal of coating from thesubstrate or previous coating and rate the adhesion in accor-dance with the
49、 following scale:5A No peeling or removal,4A Trace peeling or removal along incisions or at their intersection,3A Jagged removal along incisions up to 1.6 mm (116 in.) on either side,2A Jagged removal along most of incisions up to 3.2 mm (18 in.) on eitherside,1A Removal from most of the area of the X under the tape, and0A Removal beyond the area of the X.8.8 Repeat the test in two other locations on the test surface.For large structures make sufficient tests to ensure that theadhesion evaluation is representative of the whole surf
