1、Designation: D7156 17Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating diesel engine oils for performance ch
3、aracteristics ina diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation,including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading).2This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11.1.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure forrunning an abbreviated length test, which is commonl
4、y referredto as the T-11A. The procedures for the T-11A are identical tothe T-11 with the exception of the items specifically listed inAnnex A8. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed inAnnex A8 refer to the corresponding section of the T-11procedure.1.2 The values stated in SI units are t
5、o be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalentsuch as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubingsize, or where there is a sole source supply equipmentspecification.1.3 This standard does not purp
6、ort to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 forspecific safety hazards.1.4 T
7、his international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trad
8、e (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corro
9、siveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transpa
10、rentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometri
11、c TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of
12、Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used DieselEngine Oils by Gas Chrom
13、atographyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2017.
14、Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7156 15. DOI:10.1520/D7156-17.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this testmethod by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all informationletters through 16-1. Informati
15、on letters may be obtained from the ASTM TestMonitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Admin-istrator.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume infor
16、mation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accor
17、dance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Gravity of Liquids by Digital De
18、nsity MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD4737 Test Method
19、for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry
20、 (ICP-AES)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Cont
21、ain-ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector ApparatusD6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress andApparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Tempera-tureD7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Contain-ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at30 and 90 CyclesD
22、7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unk
23、nown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the e
24、ngine crankcase duringoperation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of adevice (for example, thermometer, manometer, engine) withrespect to that of a standard.3.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
25、and is intended to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing ofexhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogenoxides (NOx). Automotive Handbook43.1.6 heavy-duty, adj in internal combustion engineoperation, characterized by average s
26、peeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.D44853.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion enginetypes, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.3.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; suc
27、h as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem
28、-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions. D41753.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested assludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orc
29、orrosion, or combination thereof.3.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performancecharacteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that i
30、nteract withoils. D41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D41753.1.13 standard test, na test
31、on a calibrated test stand,using the prescribed equipment that is assembled in accordancewith the requirements in the test method, and conducted inaccordance with the specified operating conditions.3.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be re
32、moved by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.15 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, gener-ally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, andresulting from mechanical or chemical action, or a combinationof both. D74224. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involv
33、es use of a Mack E-TECHV-MAC III diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR). Two oil flushes, each for 30 min, are followed by a testat constant speed and torque conditions for 252 h.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosityincrease and soot content.4.3 Engine rebuilds may b
34、e necessary as indicated bydegradation of test parameters and are left to the discretion ofthe test laboratory. At rebuild, the power section of the engineis disassembled, solvent-cleaned, and rebuilt, using all new4Available from Robert Bosch GmbH, Postfach 50, D-7000 Stuttgart 1,Germany.D7156 172p
35、istons, rings, cylinder liners, valves, and valve guides, in strictaccordance with furnished specification.4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn ordefective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories forcontrolling speed, torque, and various engine operating condi-
36、tions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the viscosityincrease and soot concentration (loading) performance ofengine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle dieselengines equipped with EGR. Obtain results from used oilanalysis.5.2 The test method can be use
37、d for engine oil specificationacceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III,electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unitpumps, using 2002 cylinder heads (Annex A2). It is an open-cha
38、mber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged,charge air-cooled, and compression ignition engine. The boreand stroke are 124 mm by 165 mm, and the displacement is12 L.6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relativelyfree of dirt and other contaminants as required by goodlaboratory
39、 standards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, andcontrolling humidity in the engine buildup area helps preventaccumulation of dirt and other contaminants on engine partsand aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 The Test Engine:6.2.1 Mack T-11 Test EngineThe engine and cylinder
40、heads are available from Mack Trucks, Inc.5A complete partslist is shown in Table A2.1, Annex A2. Use test parts on afirst-in/first-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown in TableA2.1, Annex A2, every test, to limit scaling in the coolingsystem. At the
41、 expansion tank, pressurize the system to103 kPa. Use the coolant shown in 7.3.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and water-out temperature control valve. The systemshall prevent air entrainment and control j
42、acket temperatureswithin the specified limit. Install a sight glass between theengine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment anduniform flow in an effort to prevent localized boiling. Block thethermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Flow the coolant from the engine block fitting to theEGR coolers,
43、see Fig. A1.3, Annex A1. Return the EGRcoolant flow to the engine coolant-in line, near the coolantpump inlet, see Fig. A1.7, Annex A1.6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System:6.2.3.1 To maintain a constant oil level in the pan, providean additional minimum volume sump of 11.4 L by using aseparate closed tank con
44、nected to the engine sump. Circulateoil through the system with an auxiliary pump. The systemschematic is shown in Fig. A1.1, Annex A1. The insidediameters of the No. 6 and No. 8 lines are 10 mm and 13 mm,respectively. Use a minimum No. 8 size vent line. Equivalentlines may be substituted forAeroqui
45、p6lines provided they havethe proper inside diameters.6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on theexhaust side of the oil pan, so that the inside bottom of theauxiliary oil system suction fitting is down from the oil pan railby 152 mm, and back from the front of the pan by 178 mm.Refe
46、r to Fig.A1.4, AnnexA1. Connect the auxiliary oil systemreturn line to the power steering pump cover on the fronttiming gear cover. Refer to Fig. A1.5, Annex A1. Connect theauxiliary oil scale vent line to the top of the auxiliary oil sumpbucket and the dipstick tube opening.6.2.3.3 Use Viking Pump
47、Model SG053514 as the auxiliaryoil pumps (see A2.9). Nominal pump speed is 1725 rmin. Shutoff the auxiliary oil pumps if the auxiliary oil system goes dry.6.2.3.4 Use a sight glass to aid in determining the oil levelshould the auxiliary oil system run dry. An example of a sightglass setup is shown i
48、n Fig. A1.18, Annex A1.6.2.4 Oil Cooling System:6.2.4.1 Use the oil cooler adapter blocks to mount the oilcooler to the engine. The adapter blocks are available from thesupplier list in A2.6, Annex A2.6.2.4.2 Use the oil filter housing (part number 27GB525M)shown in Fig. A1.8, Annex A1.6.2.5 Blowby
49、MeterUse a meter capable of providing dataat a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowby conden-sate from draining back into the engine, ensure the blowby linehas a downward slope to a collection bucket. Ensure thecollection bucket has a minimum volume of 18.9 L. Locate theblowby meter downstream of the collection bucket. The slopeof the blowby line downstream of the collection bucket isunspecified.6.2.6 Air Supply and FiltrationUse the Mack air filterelement and the Mack filter housing shown in A2.3, AnnexA2.Replace the filter cartridge when a P
