1、Designation: C596 09 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forDrying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C596; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method determines the change in length ondrying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and gradedst
3、andard sand.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. When combined standards are referenced, the selec-tion of measurement system is at the users discretion subjectto the requirements of the referenced standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety co
4、ncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical b
5、urns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).21.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by
6、 the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Ce
7、mentPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC490/C490M Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Deter-mination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste,Mortar, and ConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements
8、and ConcretesC778 Specification for Standard SandC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsC1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Te
9、st Methods3. Terminology3.1 The term “drying shrinkage” is defined as the decreasein length of the test specimen, where the decrease is caused byany factor other than externally applied forces under statedconditions of temperature, relative humidity and evaporationrate in the environment; the term i
10、ncludes the net effect of avariety of phenomena tending to bring about both increases anddecreases in length during the period in which the testspecimens under consideration are stored in the environmentand in which a number of processes, including hydration of thecement, are taking place at a varie
11、ty of rates.3.2 Other terms used in this test method are defined inTerminology C219.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditionsof temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of theenvironment to which a mortar specimen of stated compositionshall be
12、 subjected for a specified period of time during whichits change in length is determined and designated “dryingshrinkage”.4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by thistest method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage ofconcrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same1Thi
13、s test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C596 091. DOI:10.1520/C0596-
14、09R17.2Section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of Standards,Vol04.01.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
15、 page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principle
16、s on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1drying conditions.4Hence this test method may be used whenit is desired to deve
17、lop data on the effect of a hydraulic cementon the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.5. Apparatus5.1 Weighing Devices and WeightsWeighing devices andweights used in determining the mass of materials for mortarmixtures shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationC1005.5.2 Glass
18、 GraduatesGlass graduates of suitable capacitiesshall conform to the requirements of Specification C1005.5.3 MoldsMolds shall conform to the requirements ofPractice C490/C490M for mortars.5.4 TrowelThe trowel shall have a straight-edged steelblade 100 to 150 mm in length.5.5 TamperThe tamper shall c
19、onform to the requirementsof Test Method C157/C157M.5.6 Demolding ApparatusThe demolding apparatus shallconform to the requirements of Test Method C157/C157M.5.7 Length ComparatorThe length comparator shall con-form to the requirements of Practice C490/C490M.6. Temperature and Humidity6.1 Laboratory
20、The temperature of the laboratory, drymaterials, and mixing water, and the relative humidity of theair in the laboratory shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C511.6.2 Moist Storage FacilityThe temperature and humidityof the air in the moist storage facility shall conform to therequireme
21、nts of Specification C511.6.3 Drying Room and ControlsThe drying room andcontrols shall conform to the requirements of Test MethodC157/C157M.7. Graded Standard Sand7.1 The graded standard sand shall conform to SpecificationC778.8. Number of Test Specimens8.1 Make at least four test specimens (Note 1
22、).NOTE 1Although the number of test specimens may consist of fourspecimens from a single batch of mortar, it is preferable that twelvespecimens be made with four specimens being made from each of threebatches, with each batch being made on a different day.9. Preparation of Molds9.1 Prepare the speci
23、men molds as required by PracticeC490/C490M.10. Preparation of Test Specimens10.1 Mortar ProportionsAbatch of mortar shall consist of750 g of cement, 1500 g of graded standard sand, and anamount of mixing water sufficient to produce a flow of 110 65 %. The flow shall be determined in conformance wit
24、h theprocedure as described in Test Method C1437.10.2 Mixing MortarMix the mortar in a mechanical mixeras required by Practice C305.10.3 Molding of SpecimensMold the specimens as re-quired by Test Method C157/C157M.11. Curing, Storage, and Taking Comparator Readings ofTest Specimens11.1 Cure, store,
25、 and take comparator readings of the testspecimens as required by Test Method C157/C157M, except asfollows:11.1.1 Moist cure the specimens in the molds for 24 h 6 30min. If the strength of the specimens is insufficient to allowproper removal from the mold at 24 h, moist cure in the moldfor 48 h 6 30
26、 min.11.1.2 Remove the specimens from the molds and cure inlime-saturated water for 48 h. If the specimens have been moistcured in the mold for 48 h, cure in lime-saturated water for 24h.11.1.3 At the age of 72 h 6 30 min remove the specimensfrom water, wipe with damp cloth and immediately obtain al
27、ength comparator reading for each specimen. Then place thespecimens in air storage for 25 days. Obtain a length compara-tor reading for each specimen after 4, 11, 18, and 25 days of airstorage.12. Calculation12.1 Calculate the length change of each specimen at eachage of air drying by subtracting th
28、e initial comparator reading,taken after removal from water storage, from the comparatorreading taken at each age of air drying and express asmillionths and as the percent of the effective gage length. Donot prefix a shrinkage value with a minus sign.12.2 Report the average change in unit length, ex
29、pressed asmillionths, and as a percent of the effective gage length of fourspecimens from the same batch of mortar as the dryingshrinkage of the mortar. If any one test specimen is manifestlyfaulty, discard it. If more than one test specimen is discarded,do not report the results and repeat the test
30、 on a new batch ofmortar. If more than one batch of mortar has been tested, reportthe average result of the individual batches. When the experi-menter is clearly aware that a gross deviation from prescribedexperimental procedure has taken place, discard the resultantobservation, whether or not it ag
31、rees with the rest of the dataand without recourse to statistical tests for outliers.NOTE 2An approximation of ultimate drying shrinkage of mortar maybe determined by plotting the shrinkage values as a function of thereciprocal of the time. The time includes the moist curing period. An4Data pertaini
32、ng to the relation of the drying shrinkage of mortar test specimensand of the drying shrinkage of concrete test specimens as affected by the cementunder specified laboratory test conditions, may be found in RR:C01-0120, availablefrom ASTM Headquarters; in a report of the California Division of Highw
33、ays.“Significance of the Test for Contraction of Mortar in Air with Respect toPerformance of Cements in Concrete,” Oct. 18, 1961; and in the paper by Mardulier,F. J., Schneider, A. M., and Stockett, A. L., “An Analysis of Drying Shrinkage. Datafor Portland Cement Mortar and Concrete,” Journal of Mat
34、erials, JMLSA,Am. Soc.Testing Mats., Vol 2, No. 4, 1967, pp. 829842. A relevant paper by H. T. Arnientitled “The Significance of the Correlation Coefficient for Analyzing EngineeringData” was published in Materials Research and Standards, MTRSA, Am. Soc.Testing Mats., Vol. 11, No. 5, 1971, pp. 1619.
35、C596 09 (2017)2example of the method is given in Fig. 1 where a logarithmic scale is usedfor the drying shrinkage values and a reciprocal scale for the total time inweeks.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Precision:13.1.1 The single-laboratory-operator multibatch-day preci-sion has been found to be 0.0223
36、(1S %) and the single-operator multilaboratory-batch-day precision has been found tobe 6.6 (R1S %) as defined in Practice E177, therefore 95 %percent of the time two test results (each the average of fourdeterminations of properly conducted tests) obtained by thesame operator on different days shoul
37、d not differ by more than70 millionths, and the test results (each the average of fourdeterminations of properly conducted tests) obtained by twolaboratories should not differ by more than 25 % of their mean.13.1.2 RepeatabilityWhere a test result is the average offour specimens from a single batch,
38、 the difference betweenduplicate results by the same operator should not be consideredsuspect unless it exceeds 70 millionths. Where a test result isthe average of twelve specimens, four specimens being testedfrom each of three batches, the difference between duplicateresults by the same operator sh
39、ould not be considered suspectunless it exceeds 40 millionths.13.1.3 ReproducibilityThe average result of four ortwelve specimens reported by one laboratory should not beconsidered suspect unless it differs from that of anotherlaboratory by more than 25 % of their mean.13.2 BiasNo justifiable statem
40、ent can be made on the biasof this test method since no reference samples are available.14. Keywords14.1 drying shrinkage; hydraulic cement; method; mortarSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C596 07)that may impact th
41、e use of this standard. (Approved December 1, 2009.)(1) Revised the standard throughout to remove informationalunits.FIG. 1 Ultimate Drying Shrinkage of MortarC596 09 (2017)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mention
42、edin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and
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44、 theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
45、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 09 (2017)4
