1、Designation: E2150 17Standard Classification forLife-Cycle Environmental Work ElementsEnvironmentalCost Element Structure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2150; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard establishes a classification of the compre-hensive hierarchical list of elements for life-cycl
3、e environmen-tal work. The classification is based on the InteragencyEnvironmental Cost Element Structure (ECES).2Elements, asdefined here, are major components common to environmentalprojects.3The elements represent the life-cycle activities forenvironmental projects regardless of the project desig
4、nspecification, construction method, technology type, or mate-rials used. The classification serves as a consistent reference forcost estimating, analysis, and monitoring during the variousphases of the project life cycle. Using ECES ensuresconsistency, over time and from project to project, in the
5、costmanagement and performance measurement of environmentalprojects. It also enhances reporting at all phases of a project,from assessment and studies through design, construction,operations and maintenance (O&M), and surveillance andlong-term monitoring (SLTM).1.2 This classification applies to all
6、 environmental work,including environmental restoration, waste management, de-contamination and decommissioning (D&D), surveillance andlong-term monitoring, and technology development.1.3 The use of this classification increases the level ofstandardization, uniformity, and consistency of collected e
7、nvi-ronmental project costs. Such uniformity and standardizationallows for ease of understanding project costs, provides acommon “cost language” for sharing and comparing costinformation, and allows for easier analysis and calibration ofcost data. This standard classification can be used as a checkl
8、istof activities to be completed in environmental projects.1.4 Guide E2637 is intended to facilitate the application ofthe ECES to any environmental remediation project, withoutregard to project size.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized princip
9、les on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4E631 Terminology of Building Const
10、ructionsE833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildingsand Building SystemsE2637 Guide for Utilizing the Environmental Cost ElementStructure Presented by Classification E21502.2 ASTM Adjunct:5Adjunct E2150 Adjunct to Classification E2150: Environ-menta
11、l Cost Element Structure at Levels 3, 4, and 5 andDefinitions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used in thisclassification, refer to Terminology E631, and for general termsrelated to building economics, refer to Terminology E833.3.1.1 Comprehensive Environmental Response,C
12、ompensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)Also known as“Superfund,” CERCLA prescribes actions, and regulatoryrequirements for reducing risks to human health and theenvironment resulting from releases or threatened releases ofhazardous substances into the environment.1This classification is under the ju
13、risdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81on Building Economics.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2150-13. DOI:10.1520/E2150-17.2E
14、CES was developed by the lnteragency Environmental Cost EngineeringCommittee to increase effectiveness of cost management for federal environmentalprojects.3The use of the term “cost element” in Classification E2150 differs from thatwithin the UNIFORMAT II family of standards.4For referenced ASTM st
15、andards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJE2150A. Origina
16、l adjunct produced in 2002. Adjunct last revised in 2009.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established
17、in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.2 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)Acongressional mandate that requires the management of regu-l
18、ated hazardous waste and requires that permits be obtained forfacilities (both private and public) that treat, store, or dispose ofhazardous waste.3.1.2.1 DiscussionRCRA also establishes standards forthese facilities and requires corrective actions (for example,remediation) of past releases of hazar
19、dous waste from regu-lated waste management units.3.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 ASTAboveground Storage Tank3.2.2 CERCLAComprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation, and Liability Act3.2.3 CLPCertified Laboratory Procedure3.2.4 CMSCorrective Measure Study3.2.5 COACode of Accounts3.2.6 CWMChemical Warfare M
20、aterials3.2.7 D&DDecontamination and Decommissioning3.2.8 DOEDepartment of Energy3.2.9 (EC)2Environmental Cost Engineering Committee3.2.10 ECASEnvironmental Cost Analysis System3.2.11 ECESEnvironmental Cost Element Structure3.2.12 EMEnvironmental Management3.2.13 EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency3.
21、2.14 EREnvironmental Restoration3.2.15 FRTRFederal Remediation Technologies Round-table3.2.16 FSFeasibility Study3.2.17 HRSHazard Ranking System3.2.18 HTRWHazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste3.2.19 LTSMLong-Term Surveillance and Maintenance3.2.20 O&MOperations and Maintenance3.2.21 OECDOrganizati
22、on of Economic Cooperation andDevelopment3.2.22 PA/SIPreliminary Assessment/Site Investigation3.2.23 RARemedial Action3.2.24 RACERRemedial Action Cost Estimating Require-ment (System)3.2.25 RCRAResource Conservation and Recovery Act3.2.26 RDRemedial Design3.2.27 RFARCRA Facility Assessment3.2.28 RFI
23、RCRA Facility Investigation3.2.29 RIRemedial Investigation3.2.30 SLTMSurveillance and Long-Term Monitoring3.2.31 S&MSurveillance and Maintenance3.2.32 SM&ASampling, Monitoring, and Analysis3.2.33 USACEU.S. Army Corps of Engineers3.2.34 USTUnderground Storage Tank3.2.35 WBSWork Breakdown Structure3.2
24、.36 WMWaste Management4. Significance and Use4.1 This classification identifies and hierarchically arrangesthe work elements, activities, and tasks required for environ-mental projects. This classification increases the level ofcommunication and allows for more effective exchange of costand performa
25、nce data between environmental projects.4.2 This classification defines environmental work elementsas major components of environmental projects. It is thecommon thread linking activities and participants in an envi-ronmental project from initial planning through operations andmaintenance, D&D, and
26、SLTM.FIG. 1 Level 1 Life-Cycle PhasesE2150 1724.3 The users of ECES include program and projectmanagers, cost estimators, and cost analysts in both the publicand private sector.4.4 This classification uses an increased level ofstandardization, uniformity, and consistency that provides acommon basis
27、for comparing, analyzing, and calibrating costdata. This classification can also be used as a checklist ofproject activities to be completed.4.5 Use this classification when:4.5.1 Developing a company-specific Code of Accounts(COAs) for capturing and reporting cost early in the projectdevelopment fo
28、r more effective project controls and manage-ment. COAis a logical breakdown of a project into controllableelements for the purpose of cost collection, control, andreporting. COA is organized at lower detailed levels thatsummarize to higher levels and is company or site, or both, andproject-specific
29、.4.5.2 Developing a work breakdown structure (WBS) earlyin the project development for proper management of theproject. The WBS provides a framework for managing the cost,schedule, and performance objectives of a project. This frame-work allows the project to be separated into logical compo-nents an
30、d makes the relationship of the components clear. TheWBS defines the project in terms of hierarchically relatedaction and product-oriented elements. Each element provideslogical summary points for assessing technical accomplish-ments and for measuring cost and schedule performance.4.5.3 Supporting p
31、rograms and project functions. Use ECESfor bid solicitation, collection, and evaluation; communicatingproject data between installations or agencies and industry;cost and schedule estimating; historical cost and schedule datacollection; historical project data collection for technologydeployments an
32、d project conditions; validating and calibratingcost estimates and software tools; and establishing and dis-seminating best practices and lessons learned.4.6 The hierarchical nature of the classification allows forcollecting data using more detailed lower level elements or forsummarizing data at hig
33、her levels.4.7 ECES, as described in this classification, is beingincluded in the Remedial Action Cost Estimating Requirement(RACER)6system and the Environmental Cost Analysis Sys-tem (ECAS).7RACER is used for estimating cost and ECAS isused to collect, maintain, and analyze the cost of completedpro
34、jects. Federal agencies performing environmental workintend to incorporate the ECES.5. Basis of Classification5.1 In environmental management work, the life cycle of theproject is represented by six different regulatory phases. Withminor variations in the definitions, these life-cycle phasesapply to
35、 most or all environmental projects including environ-mental restoration, waste management, decontamination anddecommissioning, ordnance and explosive retrievals, under-ground storage tanks (USTs), and aboveground storage tanks(ASTs). In addition to the six regulatory life-cycle phases, aCross Cut c
36、ost category was added to address costs notattributable to a particular phase or to a specific project. Fig. 1shows the life-cycle nature of environmental phases. As can beseen from Fig. 1, the phases may not be linear and theirsequencing may be iterative since results from one phase mayrequire the
37、execution of earlier phases again, to meet theregulatory requirement. Additional information on each of thesix Level 1 phases is provided in Fig. X1.1 of Appendix X1.The six regulatory life-cycle phases are Phase 1 (Assessment),Phase 2 (Studies), Phase 3 (Design), Phase 4 (Construction),Phase 5 (Ope
38、rations and Maintenance), and Phase 6 (Surveil-lance and Long-Term Monitoring). Cross Cut covers all phasesof the lifecycle. Because the combined life-cycle phases ofenvironmental projects shown in Fig. 1 often span severaldecades, use life-cycle cost analysis (see Practice E917) forevaluating an en
39、vironmental project or project alternatives overa designated study period. Use of life-cycle cost analysis isrequired for the comparison of alternative environmentalremedies in CERCLARemedial Investigation/Feasibility Stud-ies which lead up to Records of Decision.5.2 Whereas Level 1 depicts the life
40、-cycle phases or time-frame of environmental work, Level 2 of the classificationrepresents the major work elements that need to be performedin an environmental project. There are thirty-four major workelements included in Level 2 of the classification. In addition,there is an “Other,” element availa
41、ble for those unique orspecial tasks that cannot be described closely by availableelements. “Other” elements are designated by .9x numberingsystem. For the purposes of this standard, only two levels arediscussed, but more detailed levels are available. Fig. 2illustrates a sample Level 2 for the Cons
42、truction phase. Fig. 3represents a matrix of the Level 1 elements and how they applyto each of the Level 2 categories. Phases 16 are listed by theirphase number. The cross cut category is listed as “X.”6RACER is a parametric cost estimating tool for environmental projects.7ECAS was developed by U.S.
43、 Department of Energy and is being used tocapture the costs of completed environmental projects. Please contact Allen Moe at5132460230 or Kevin Barry at 5132461371 for further information.FIG. 2 Hierarchical Organization of ECES Classification StandardE2150 173FIG. 3 Level 1 and Level 2 Classificati
44、on MatrixE2150 1745.3 As seen from Fig. 3, the columns on the left-hand sidehave been reserved for Level 1 life-cycle phases. The numbersin these columns provide a general guidance on the applica-bility of that phase to the Level 2 major work elements that areshown in the two columns under the Major
45、 Work Elementsheading. For example, the Level 2 element, Preparation ofPlans, is marked with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in theleft-hand columns. This means that this element can be appliedor conducted during Phases 16. If any of the numbered rowsunder the column entitled Cross Cut is marked with l
46、etter “X,”then that element is cross-cutting and the costs apply to morethan one phase. The numbers are not necessarily all inclusiveor definitive. There may be cases where an element may beapplicable to a phase that is not marked or may be marked andnot applicable for that specific project. This st
47、ructure isflexible, and the user can use other phases even though they arenot marked in the columns.5.4 Positioned between the Cross Cut column and Level 2 isthe Sub-Project Identifier that uses the alphabetical designa-tions from a to z. The purpose of the Sub-Project Identifier isto allow users to
48、 differentiate between similar tasks that havethe same designation number. For example, there may be twodifferent Disposal Facility/Process, 4.13 (Level 1Phase 4and Level 2element .13) to be constructed. To distinguishthe first facility from the second, the letters “a” and “b” (that is,“4.a .13” and
49、 “4.b .13”) could be used to designate the first andsecond facility respectively. The use of the Sub-Project Iden-tifier is not typical in many environmental projects, but it isincluded to provide flexibility to the structure.6. Description of Environmental Cost Elements6.1 The following describes the Level 1 phases. Thesedescriptions outline what elements are generally included and,as appropriate, provide guidelines on what is not included.Generic definitions of the phases are included as are morespecific applic
