1、2014年上海市宝山区、嘉定区中考二模英语试卷与答案（带解析） 其他 We are now living in the modern society. Most of the energy we use for heating, lighting, transportation and manufacturing (制造业 ) comes from fossil (化石 ) fuels. These are carbon-based fuels from oil, coal and natural gas. When we burn these fuels we release heat wh
2、ich p_【小题 1】 _ the energy. There are three main disadvantages to using these fuels. Firstly, they are causing climate problems because of the G_【小题 2】 _ Effect. When we burn fossil fuels they produce carbon dioxide which causes global warming. Secondly, when we have used up all our coal, oil and nat
3、ural gas, we will have n_【小题 3】 _ left to burn. Thirdly, they are not very efficient. The internal combustion engine (内燃机 ) that we use in most cars, trucks and buses, for example, is only about 14% efficient. Scientists are working on another fuelhydrogen. There are a couple of advantages to using
4、hydrogen as a fuel. Firstly, because two-thirds of the e_【小题 4】 _ surface is water and water is made of hydrogen and oxygen. There is an almost unlimited supply of hydrogen. Secondly, burning hydrogen does not cause global warming. Thirdly, it is much more efficient than carbon-based fuels. Unfortun
5、ately there are problems with hydrogen at the present time: there is the problem of separating (分离 ) it from water c_【小题 5】 _, and there is the difficulty of storing it. It can be stored under pressure but high pressure tanks are far from safe. It can also be stored as a liquid but only at extremely
6、 low temperatures. It seems likely, therefore, that there will have to be a completely new technology before hydrogen replaces fossil fuels. S_【小题 6】 _ these problems is an urgent (急迫的 ) matter. Although China, India and Australia have huge amounts of cheap coal, and there are still l_【小题 7】 _ oil a
7、nd gas reserves(储藏量 ) elsewhere, the effects on the planets climate will be bad if they are used. 答案： 【小题 1】 provides 【小题 2】 greenhouse 【小题 3】 nothing 【小题 4】 earths 【小题 5】 cheaply 【小题 6】 Solving 【小题 7】 large 试题分析：本文讲述了我们的矿产资源。我们的矿产资源都是有限的，不可再生的。现在的石油，天然气，因为燃烧的时 候会放出热量，所以会引发温室效应。科学家们正在积极探索新的能源，以便使我们能
8、够使用更干净，更清洁的能源。但是现实是这还需要很大的努力。 【小题 1】 考查动词。句意：当我们烧燃料的时候会释放热量，这些热量提供了能量。 Provide动词，提供。 【小题 2】 考查名词。句意； 因为温室效应，他们正在引起气候的变化。 Greenhouse Effect温室效应。 【小题 3】考查不定代词。句意：当我们用光这些燃料的时候，我们就没有什么可以烧的了。 Nothing不定代词，什么都没有。 【小题 4】 考查名词所有格。句意：地球 的三分之二的表面是水。名词所有格是在名词之后加 s，表示 的。 【小题 5】考查副词。句意：问题是把氢从水中分离出来很便宜，但是很难储存。 Che
9、aply 副词，便宜地。 【小题 6】考查动词。句意：解决这些问题是十分迫切的难题。 Solve动词，解决。动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用三单。 【小题 7】考查形容词。句意；在某处仍然有很大的石油及天然气的储量。 large 大量的。 考点：单词填空。 单项选择 * When I was young,I always read books at night.Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence A /ri:d/ B /red/ C /reid/ D /rid/ 答案： B 试题分析：句
10、意：当我小的时候，我经常在晚上读书。下列那一项是居中划线部分的正确读音？ read的音为 /ri:d/，读书。但此处为过去式，应读作 /red/。故选 B。 考点：考查音标的用法。 Some questions _at their class meeting last week. A raised B rose C were risen D were raised 答案： D 试题分析：句意：上周在他们的班会上提出了一些问题。 Raise动词，提升，增加，提出。过去式过去分词均为 raised。人提出问题，问题被人提出来。所以本句物做主语，应该是被动语态，结构为 be+过去分词。故选 D。 考
11、点：考查被动语态的用法。 My cousin was born in China, but _in Australia. A picked up B gave up C grew up D took up 答案： C 试题分析：句意：我的表弟在中国出生，但在澳洲长大。 A拾起捡起 B放弃 C长大 D开始占据。根据句意，故选 C。 考点：考查词组辨析的用法。 What are you going to do when you finish _the room A to clean B cleaning C clean D cleaned 答案： B 试题分析：句意：当你完成这个房间的打扫后，你打
12、算做什么？ finish doing sth完成某事，结束做某事。故选 B。 考点：考查动词的用法。 Well make laws_ our environment. A protected B protecting C to protect D protect 答案： C 试题分析：句意：我们应该制定保护我们的环境的法律。 to do 不定式做定语。 考点：考查不定式的用法。 He didnt tell us_. A if he will give us a lecture B whether he would go with you C when he was started D when
13、 he will arrive 答案： B 试题分析：句意；他没有告诉我们他是否会和你一起走。这是一个宾语从句，从句的语序应是陈述语序，及从句中动词应该位于主语之后。主句中 didnt时态为一般过去时，从句中时态也应该向前推一个时态。 AD中 will应该变为would。 C句中应该去掉 was。故选 B。 考点：考查宾语从句的用法。 _important computers are to everybody in a modern city! A What B How C What an D How an 答案： B 试题分析：句意：在现代城市中电脑对每个人是多么的重要啊！感叹句：What+
14、a/an +adj+可数名词单数 +主语 +谓语！ What +adj+不可数名词 /可数名词复数 +主语 +谓语！ How+adv/adj+主语 +谓语！根据句型，故选 B。 考点：考查感叹句的用法。 The weather there isnt nice,_ A is there B is it C isnt there D isnt it 答案： B 试题分析：句意：那的天气不好，不是吗？反义疑问句，前肯定，后否定，或者前否定，后肯定。本局前一句为否定句，后一句定为肯定句，排除 CD。主语是 the weather，可用 it代替，故选 B。 考点：考查反义疑问句的用法。 A:Woud
15、you mind waiting outside for a moment B:_. A Never mind B So do I C Certainly not D You are welcome 答案： C 试题分析：句意； 你介意在外面等一下吗？当然不介意。 A没关系，别担心 B我也是 C当然不 D不客气。故选 C。 考点：考查交际用语的用法。 Im glad youve come back from the United States. Please tell me how long you _there. A have stayed B had stayed C have been
16、staying D stayed 答案： D 试题分析：句意；很高兴你从美国回来了。请告诉我你在那呆了多久。 there指的是美国，问这个人在美国呆了多久，因为他已经从美国回来了，所以呆在美国就是一个一般过去时了，故选 D。 考点：考查时态的用法。 A:Why do Chinese people like red B:Because they think it can _them good luck. A carry B bring C take D fetch 答案： B 试题分析：句意 A为什么中国人喜欢红色？ B因为他们认为红色能给他们带来好运。 A带着，携带 B带来，拿来 C带走，拿走
17、 D去取来。根据句意，红色把好运带来 人们身边，是带来，故选 B。 考点：考查近义词辨析的用法。 Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others A He acts as a killer in the film. B When did you arrive at the airport C Can you help me fix the chair D What did you think of the final exam 答案： B 试题分析：句意；下面哪个划线部分和其他的
18、读音不同？ A他在电影中饰演一名杀手。 hehi B你什么时候到达机场的？ arrive ra vC你能帮我修理这张椅子吗？ fixf ksD你怎么看待这次期末考试？ whatw t。 ACD都是单元音，只有 B有双元音，故选 B。 考点：考查音标的用法。 _man with black glasses is my host father in Britain. A An B A C The D / 答案： C 试题分析：句意；那个带黑色眼镜的男人是我在英国寄宿家庭的男主人。 A 一个，其后加以元音音素开头的名词，表示泛指 B一个，其后加以辅音音素开头的名词，表示泛指 C表示特指，这个。在本题
19、中，特指带黑色眼镜的男人，故选 C。 考点：考查冠词的用法。 In our English class, the English teacher asked us to stand up and introduce_. A we B us C our D ourselves 答案： D 试题分析：句意；在我们的英语课堂上，英语老师让我们站起来介绍自己。 A我们，人称代词主格，在句中做主语 B我们，人称代词宾格，在句中做宾语。C 我们的，形容词性物主代词，其后加名词 D 反身代词。我们自己。根据句意，老师让我们介绍自己，故选 D。 考点：考查代词的用法。 Helen was too angry
20、to say _. A nothing B something C anything D everything 答案： C 试题分析句意：海伦太生气了什么都说不出来。 A什么都没有 B一些事情，常用 于肯定句 C一些事情，常用于否定句 D每件事情，所有事情。 too+adj/adv+to do sth太 样而不能做某事，是一个否定句，故选 C。 考点：考查不定代词的用法。 Well have a_ holiday. Lets go to the beach， shall we A three-day B three days C three-days D three-days 答案： A 试题
21、分析：句意；我们将要有一个三天的假期。让我们去海滩，好吗？表示三天的： three-day或者 three days故选 A。 考点：考查合成形容词的用法。 An e-mail address consists _letters and dots and the symbol. A in B of C for D with 答案： B 试题分析：句意 :一封邮件地址包括了字母，店和符号 .consist of 由 组成，故选 B。 考点：考查固定短语的用法。 We felt very _after we watched the _ football matches in FIFA. A.exc
22、itingexcited B.excitingexciting C.excitedexciting D.excitedexcited 答案： C 试题分析：句意；在我们看过令人激动的比赛之后，我们都感到非常激动。exciting令人激动的，常用来修饰事物， excited感到激动兴奋的，常用来修饰人，故选 C。 考点：考查形容词的用法。 Its _to send an e-mail than a regular mail. A more quickly B much quickly C much quicker D quick 答案： C 试题分析：句意：发送电子邮件比平常的邮件要快的多。 q
23、uickly副词，快的，迅速的。比较级加 more.quick形容词快的，迅速的，比较级加 er。此处， be动词后应该跟形容词的比较级，即 quciker。副词用来修饰行为动词。 much修饰形容词副词的比较级， 的多。综合以上，故选 C。 考点：考查形容词副词的比较级的用法。 A lot of people will help you, so you _worry about the money. A cant B neednt C mustnt D couldnt 答案： B 试题分析：句意；很多人将会帮助你，所以，你不必担心钱的问题。 A不能 B不必 C禁止，一定不能 D不能，不可以。
24、情态动词最重要的是语气的考查，根据句意，故选 B。 考点：考查情态动词的用法。 阅读理解 Uniforms, used for identifying people， are seen almost everywhere in the world. They are a part of everyday life. Lets look at some of the reasons why people wear uniforms and the types of people that wear uniforms. Many children have to wear a uniform at
25、 school. Boys and girls must wear the same coloured clothes and a school tie. There is often a school badge on the jacket or shirt. There are many reasons for having a school uniforms .Firstly, the uniforms shows that the children attend the same school . It is important for children to feel they be
26、long to a school and that they identify with their school. Secondly, the uniform makes it easy for other people to tell which school the children go to . They know they must be on their best behaviour because people know which school they go to and the children are proud of their school. Thirdly, sc
27、hool uniforms are comfortable,smart clothing. Finally, it is cheaper for parents to buy one set of clothes for their child. Most parents cannot afford to buy lots of expensive, fashionable clothes for their children. 【小题 1】 Are children the only people who wear uniform 【小题 2】 Why are children on the
28、ir best behavior when they wear their school uniforms 【小题 3】 why do police officers wear uniforms 【小题 4】 can you describe a teenagers “uniforms” 【小题 5】 what do teenagers clothes tell you about them 【小题 6】 what do you want to tell people through the clothes you wear 答案： 【小题 1】 No,they arent. 【小题 2】 B
29、ecause people know which school they go to and the children are proud of their school. 【小题 3】 Because they wear special clothes for their jobs . 【小题 4】 Blue jeans ,colourful T-shirt and baseball caps . 【小题 5】 Teenagers clothes tell me that they are young. 【小题 6】 I wear special clothes for my jobs .
30、试题分析：这道题是一道非常开放的题。有几道题没有标准的答案：，仁者见仁，只要学生有自己的观点，能够用英语表达出来即可。关于校服，制服，要让学生看到好的，积极的一面，它能为我们的生活创造各种便利。 【小题 1】句意：学生是唯一穿校服的人群吗？根据： Lets look at some of the reasons why people wear uniforms and the types of people that wear uniforms.让我们看一下为什么人们会穿制服以及各种穿制服的人吧。说明有很多种人会穿制服，并不仅限于学生。 【小题 2】句意：为什么孩子穿上校服就会有最好的行为举止
31、？根据； They know they must be on their best behaviour because people know which school they go to and the children are proud of their school.他们知道他们必须拿出最好的行为举止因为人们知道他们是那个学校的，而孩子们已自己的学校为傲。 【小题 3】句意：为什么经常会穿制服？这道题可以学生自己回答，警察之所以穿制服是因为工作要求，故 Because they wear special clothes for their jobs . 答案：只是参考，言之有理即可。
32、 【小题 4】句意：你能描述一下学生的校服吗？这道题可以学生自己发挥，描述一下自己的校服。根据文中 Boys and girls must wear the same coloured clothes and a school tie.答案：只是参考，言之有理即可。 【小题 5】句意：学生的校服能告诉你什么？这道题可以学生自己回答， 答案：只是参考，言之有理即可。 如： It tells me that they are students.I know what school they are in . 【小题 6】句意：你想通过你的衣服告诉别人什么？这道题可以学生自己回答， 答案：只是参考，
33、言之有理即可。重要的是学生要明白制服的存在是有它积极的意义的。 考点：日常生活类短文。 Uncle Sam, is usually used to refer to the United States or the US government. It is the nickname of the country.It is hard to believe that this nickname became known quite by accident and there was a man 75 Uncle Sam.However,not many people have ever hear
34、d of such a man.Not even most young Americans. The man was called Uncle Sam Wilson.He was born in Arlington,Massachusetts, September 13, 1776. At the age of 14 Sam joined the American Revolutionary War(美国革命） , and 76 in the army under George Washington until the end of the war.He then moved to Troy,
35、 New York states, and began a meatpacking business. He earned a reputation（赢得了声誉） for being honest and hardworking. He was locally respected and admired, thus greeted as Uncle Sam. One day in 1812,a group of visitors came to Sams meatpacking plant(肉类加工厂） .Among them was Government official. He 77 th
36、e capitalized letters(大写字母） EAUS on the packages of meat and asked what they stood for. A worker man replied that EA stood for Elbert Anderson,the businessman for whom Sam was working.And he added 78 that US(actually it was the short form for United States) stood for Uncle Sam Wilson. Soon soldiers
37、were saying all army supplies were from Uncle Sam. In May 1813,this story appeared in a newspaper published in New York.Since Uncle Sam was an example of a hard-working man and a lover of America, the idea ofUncle Sam as the name of this kind of man became well-known rapidly.Uncle Sam was ready to h
38、elp 79 and place the interest of the nation(国家利益） above all-this is in line with (与 符合） the American spirit. This makes the American consider Uncle Sam 80 the symbol of the USA.In 1961 the US Congress made a decision that Uncle Sam is the Americas national symbol. 【小题 1】 A was B named C asked D was
39、called 【小题 2】 A served B stayed C joined D entered 【小题 3】 A saw B observed C studied D noticed 【小题 4】 A Surprisingly B seriously C jokingly D carefully 【小题 5】 A other B others C everyone D another 【小题 6】 A to B for C like D as 答案： 【小题 1】 B 【小题 2】 A 【小题 3】 D 【小题 4】 C 【小题 5】 B 【小题 6】 D 试题分析：本文讲述了为什么有时
40、人们会把美国叫做山姆大叔。这和一个叫山姆的人有关。这个人曾经参加过美国革命战争，并且一直在乔治华盛顿手下服役。退役之后，他在他的肉类加工厂的袋子上都印上了 US的标志。后来他因为乐于助人并且时刻维护美国的国家利益，国会决定用 Uncle Sam作为美国的标志。 【小题 1】考查动词及对语境的理解。句意；那有个名叫山姆大叔的人。是名字叫被要求被叫做。 named “Uncle Sam”过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰 man。故选 B。 【小题 2】考查动词及对语境的理解。句意：他参加了美国的革命战争，并在华盛顿手下服役知道战争结束。服务，服役呆在，停留参加进入。在军队服役，故选。 【小题 3】考查
41、动词及对语境的理解。句意：他注意到在肉的包装上有大写的字母。看见观察学习观看，注意。 【小题 4】考查副词及对语境的理解。句意：他开玩笑的说到代表山姆威尔逊大叔，实际上它代表的是美国。 吃惊地严肃的开玩笑的认真的。由括号中它实际上代表美国我们可以看出这个人是在开玩笑，故选。 【小题 5】考查代词及对语境的理解。句意：山姆随时准备帮助其他人并且把美国的利益放在最前面。其他的可数名词复数其他的每个人，人人另一个，再一个可数名词单数。故选。 【小题 6】考查介词及对语境的理解。句意：这使美国人把山姆大叔看做是美国的标志。consideras把 看做。故选 D。 考点：故事类短文阅读。 Pubs ar
42、e an important part of British life. Pubs, formally public houses, are common in towns and villages in England.People usually talk,eat, drink,meet their friends and relax there.You can order soft drinks like orange juice,cola or coffee ,but many people go to pubs to have an alcoholic drink.Many type
43、s of alcoholic drinks are available, but the most popular drink is beer. Traditional English beer comes in a variety of local flavors and is called draughtbeer .All draught beer is served from a hand pump on the bar rather than in bottles or cans. Unlike American or other European beers, it is serve
44、d cool but not cold.Nowadays,a lot of English people enjoy a European beers called lager（淡味啤酒） .This is lighter, more refreshing(清新的 ) and is served cold. Beer is sold in pint or half-pint glasses (a pint is just over half a litre).When you order a drink, ask for a pint or a half of the beer you wan
45、t to try. There is no waiter service in an English pub.You go to the bar and place your order to the pub staff. They will pour your drinks and pass them to you. They will then tell you how much to pay.You have to pay your drinks there and then. After receiving your change,you can carry your drinks b
46、ack to a table to enjoy. It is usual for friends to take turns buying drinks for each other.This is known asbuying a round. Pubs sell cheap food too.The choice of food ranges(涉及 ) from small bar snacks such as crisps and peanuts ,to three-course meals.A popular meal during the summer months is a plo
47、ughmans lunch .This is a dish of bread ,cheese or ham ,and salad which is served cold.You will often find a pubs menu written on a blackboard .There may even be daily specials for you to try. You must be at least 18 years old to buy alcohol(含酒精的饮料 )in England. Children under 14 years old are not usu
48、ally allowed inside a pub, but families with children can sit outside in the garden, known as the beer garden ,when the weather is warm .Parents are allowed to buy soft drinks for their children. Pubs are places where people go to enjoy themselves .People like to drink, eat ,talk with friends and have a good time.If you go to an English pub ,you will get a true taste of English life. 【小题 1】 Traditional English
