1、Designation: A498/A498M 17Standard Specification forSeamless and Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger Tubeswith Integral Fins1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A498/A498M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification describes seamless or welded low-carbon steel tubes on which the external or inte
3、rnal surface, orboth, have been modified by a cold forming process to producean integral increased surface area for improved heat transfer.The tubes are used in tubular heat exchangers, surfacecondensers, evaporators, superheaters, and similar heat-transfer apparatus in outside diameters up to 2 in.
4、 50 mm,inclusive.1.2 UnitsThis specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase orderor contract specifies the applicable M specification designation(SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated ineither inch-pound units or SI units
5、are to be regarded separatelyas standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the sta
6、ndard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarri
7、ers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A179/A179M Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA214/A214M Specification for Electric-Resistance-WeldedCarbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA334/A334M Specification f
8、or Seamless and Welded Car-bon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for Low-Temperature ServiceA450/A450M Specification for General Requirements forCarbon and Low Alloy Steel TubesA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and FerroalloysA1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirements
9、forFerritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and StainlessSteel TubesA1047/A1047M Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing ofTubing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3
10、.2.1 landa length of unmodified tube between adjacentsections of modified tube; used as support zones for baffles, orfor bending where surface modification might compromisematerial integrity, or for other reasons.3.2.2 modified surfacethe surface of a tube having a seriesof integral fins, grooves, o
11、r ribs on the outside diameter, insidediameter, or both, for the purpose of increasing the surface areaand improving heat transfer.3.2.3 unmodified surfacethe cylindrical surface of a tubemade to the reference standards.3.3 Symbols (Integral Fin Tube Nomenclature):3.3.1 Bare tube symbols, see Fig. 1
12、, Fig. 2,orFig. 3.3.3.1.1 OD = outside diameter of unmodified sections, and3.3.1.2 W = wall thickness of unmodified sections.3.3.2 OD surface modification symbols, see Fig. 1.3.3.2.1 od = outside diameter of modified sections,3.3.2.2 rd = root diameter of outside fins,3.3.2.3 Wf= wall thickness at f
13、in groove, either minimum oraverage,3.3.2.4 FH = fin height,3.3.2.5 Nfpu= number of fins per unit length, the reciprocalof p,3.3.2.6 p = pitch, the distance from a point on one fin to thecorresponding point on the adjacent fin along the tube longi-tudinal axis, and1This specification is under the ju
14、risdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved March 15, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A498
15、/A498M 14.DOI: 10.1520/A0498_A0498M-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes
16、section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decisio
17、n on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.3.2.7 p = the reciprocal of Nfpu.3.3.3 ID surface modification symbols, see Fig. 2.3.3.3.1 od = outside diameter of modified
18、 sections,3.3.3.2 id = inside diameter of id modified sections, to rootof rib,3.3.3.3 Wr= wall thickness at rib groove, either minimum oraverage,3.3.3.4 RH = rib height,3.3.3.5 RW = rib width,3.3.3.6 HA = helix angle,3.3.3.7 p = pitch, the distance from a point on one rib to thecorresponding point o
19、n the adjacent rib along the tube longi-tudinal axis, and3.3.3.8 Nrac= number of ribs around circumference.3.3.4 Combined (OD + ID) surface modification symbols,see Figs. 1-3.3.3.4.1 od = outside diameter of modified sections,3.3.4.2 id = inside diameter of modified sections, to root ofrib, and3.3.4
20、.3 Wc= wall thickness of combined modified surface,either minimum or average.3.3.5 Length symbols, see Fig. 3.3.3.5.1 LOA= overall length,3.3.5.2 LBE1= length of first bare end,3.3.5.3 LBE2= length of second bare end,3.3.5.4 LI1= length to first intermediate land,3.3.5.5 LIL1= length of first interm
21、ediate land,3.3.5.6 LI2= length to second intermediate land,3.3.5.7 LIL2= length of second intermediate land,3.3.5.8 LIn= length to nthintermediate land, and3.3.5.9 LILn= length of nthintermediate land.3.4 IllustrationsSee Figs. 1-3.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchase
22、r to specifyrequirements that are necessary for tubing ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue for the modifiedtube (this specification).4.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue of the plain tubefro
23、m which the modified tube is to be manufactured.4.1.3 Grade (if applicable).4.1.4 Type of material (if applicable: seamless or welded).4.1.5 Quantity.4.1.6 Dimensions:4.1.6.1 Outside diameter.4.1.6.2 Wall thickness.4.1.6.3 Length.FIG. 1 OD Surface Modification Symbols FinsFIG. 2 ID Surface Modificat
24、ion Symbols RibsFIG. 3 Combined OD and ID Surface Modifications Plus Length SymbolsA498/A498M 1724.1.6.4 All other desired dimensional attributes as describedin 3.3.2 3.3.5. Configuration of these modified surfaceattributes shall be as agreed between the purchaser and themanufacturer.4.1.7 Temper (a
25、s-cold-worked or annealed).4.1.8 Packaging.4.1.9 Customer inspection.4.1.10 Certification.4.1.11 Special requirements and any supplementary require-ments selected.5. Material and Manufacture5.1 The modified surface tubes shall be manufactured fromplain tubes that conform to one of the following ASTM
26、Specifications: A179/A179M, A214/A214M,orA334/A334M.5.2 The modified surface tubes shall be produced by coldforming of steel plain tubes. To comply with this specification,the modified surface and tube material must be integral.5.3 Modified surface tubes shall normally be furnished withunmodified en
27、ds, but may be furnished with modified surfaceends if specified.6. Temper6.1 The tube after modification shall be supplied in eitherthe annealed or as-cold-worked condition, one of which shallbe specified on the purchaser order.6.2 The annealed condition is defined as having both themodified and unm
28、odified portions of the tube conforming tothe heat-treatment requirements of the specified ASTM plaintube.6.3 The as-cold-worked condition is defined as having themodified portions of the tube in the cold-worked conditionproduced by the modifying operation; and the unmodifiedportions of the tube con
29、firming to the heat-treatment require-ments of the specified ASTM plain tube.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirementsprescribed in the governing plain-tube specification.8. Tensile Requirements8.1 The tube prior to the modifying operation, and theunmodified por
30、tions of the tube, shall conform to the appli-cable requirements for tensile properties prescribed in thegoverning plain-tube specification.9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations9.1 DiameterThe outside diameter of the unmodifiedsections and the modified sections shall not exceed the diam-eter tole
31、rances as specified in the governing plain tube speci-fication as measured with micrometers and verified by a “go”ring gauge. The dimensions of the ring gauge shall be asdescribed in 9.1.1.9.1.1 The inside diameter of the “go” ring gauge shall beequal to the nominal tube diameter, plus the maximum d
32、iam-eter tolerance allowed by the governing plain tubespecification, plus 0.002 in. 0.05 mm. The length of the ringgauge shall be not less than 1 in. 25 mm.9.2 Wall Thickness ToleranceWall thickness is defined asthe thickness “under the fin groove”, “under the rib groove”, orthe combination of both,
33、 as illustrated in Figs. 1-3.9.2.1 Tubes Ordered to Minimum Wall Thickness at theModified SectionNo tube at its thinnest point in the modifiedsection shall be less than the minimum specified wall thick-ness; nor greater than 18 % over the specified wall thickness.9.2.2 Tubes Ordered to Average Wall
34、Thickness at theModified SectionNo tube at its thinnest point in the modifiedsection shall be less than 9 % under the specified wallthickness; nor greater than 9 % over the specified wall thick-ness.9.3 Length Tolerance:9.3.1 Overall LengthThe length of the tubes shall not beless than that specified
35、 when measured at a temperature of 68F 20 C, but may exceed the specified value by the amountsgiven in Table 1.9.3.2 Length of Bare EndsThe length of bare ends shallnot be less than specified, nor12 in. 13 mm greater thanspecified.9.3.3 Length to Intermediate LandsThe length to interme-diate lands s
36、hall not be greater than specified, nor12 in. 13mm less than specified.9.3.4 Length of Intermediate LandsThe length of interme-diate lands shall not be less than specified, nor 1 in. 25 mmgreater than specified.9.4 Configuration of ModificationsConfiguration of modi-fications (fins per unit length,
37、fin pitch, fin height, fin geometry,rib height, rib width, rib geometry, helix angle, rib pitch, etc.)shall be as agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.10. Workmanship and Finish10.1 Finished tubes shall be reasonably straight and havesmooth ends free from burrs. They shall be free from injuriou
38、sdefects and shall have a workmanlike finish.Aslight amount ofoxidation will not be considered as scale.11. Pneumatic Test11.1 At the completion of modifying operations, each tubeshall be subjected to a pneumatic test at a pressure of not lessthan 250 psi 1.72 MPa.At the option of the manfuacturer,
39、thiscan either be the Air Under Water Test or the Pneumatic LeakTest.11.1.1 Air Under Water TestThis test is to be in accordwith Specification A450/A450M or Specification A1016/A1016M.TABLE 1 Tolerances for Specified Length of TubesSpecified Length, ft m Tolerance, in. mmUp to 24 7.3, incl +18 3Over
40、 24 to 34 7.3 to 10.4, incl +14 6Over 34 to 44 10.4 to 13.4, incl +38 9Over 44 13.4 +12 13 maxA498/A498M 17311.1.2 Pneumatic Leak TestThis test is to be in accordwith Specification A450/A450M or Specification A1016/A1016M, and Test Method A1047/A1047M.NOTE 1Tubes made to Specifications A179/A179M an
41、d A214/A214M also comply with the general requirements of SpecificationA450/A450M. Tubes made to Specification A334/A334M also complywith the general requirements of Specification A1016/A1016M. Refer-ence the appropriate general requirements for testing details.12. Package Marking12.1 The name or br
42、and of the manufacturer, name andorder number of the purchaser, Specification A498/A498M,plain tube specification, Grade (if applicable), Type of Material(seamless or welded), Quantity, Tube Diameter, Tube WallThickness, and Tube Length, Temper (annealed or as-cold-worked) shall be marked on a tag s
43、ecurely attached to thebundle or box in which the tubes are shipped. The markingneed not include the year of issue of the specification.12.2 Bar CodingIn addition to the requirements stated in12.1, bar coding is acceptable as a supplementary identificationmethod. Bar coding should be consistent with
44、 the AutomotiveIndustry Action Group (AIAG) standard prepared by thePrimary Metals Subcommittee of the AIAG Bar Code ProjectTeam.13. Inspection13.1 An inspector representing the purchaser shall haveentry, at all times while work on the contract of the purchaseris being performed, to all parts of the
45、 manufacturers worksthat concern the manufacture of the material ordered. Themanufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilitiesto satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordancewith this specification. All required tests and inspections shallbe made at the place of manu
46、facture prior to shipment, unlessotherwise specified, and shall be conducted so as not tointerfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.14. Certification14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, themanufacturer shall furnish a dated report certifying that thematerial was manufa
47、ctured, sampled, tested, and inspected inaccordance with the requirements of this specification, includ-ing the year of issue of the specification.15. Rejection15.1 Any rejection based on tests made in accordance withthis specification, and those allowed by the governing plain-tube specification, sh
48、all be reported to the manufacturer.Disposition of rejected tubing shall be a matter of agreementbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser.15.2 Material that fails in the process of installation shall beset aside and the manufacturer notified for mutual evaluation ofsuitability of the material. Dis
49、position of such material shall bea matter for agreement.16. Keywords16.1 carbon steel tube; heat exchanger tube; seamless steeltube; steel tube; welded steel tubeSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in theinquiry, contract, or purchase order.S1. Optional Nondestructive TestsS1.1 Eddy Current TestAt the option of the purchaser,each tube shall be subjected to the Eddy Current Test asdescribed in Specification A450/A450M
