1、Designation: D7052/D7052M 17Standard Test Method forDetermining Impact Resistance of New Low Slope RoofMembranes Using Steel Balls (Z8295Z)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7052/D7052M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of impactresistance of new low slope roof
3、 membranes when applieddirectly over rigid insulation or cover board, or structuralconcrete, lightweight insulating concrete, gypsum, cementi-tious wood fiber or wood roof decks. The procedures weredeveloped to determine the potential for puncture or fracture ofthe new roof membrane resulting from i
4、mpacts by free fallingsteel balls resulting in specific impact energies when the newroof membrane is applied over its tested substrate within anassembly.1.2 This test method is intended to verify that products asdescribed will meet a specific stated condition of impactresistance performance. Testing
5、 of asphalt shingles is beyondthe scope of this test method. The tests yield classificationidentified as Class 2 and Class 3.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
6、 eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
7、establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A295/A295M Specification for High-Carbon Anti-FrictionBearing SteelD1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingG154 Practic
8、e for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV)Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, seeTerminology D1079.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 adhered roof membranea single ply or base ply (partof a multi-ply system) membrane that is adhe
9、red using anadhesive.3.2.2 field seama splice made in the field of a roofmembrane which joins two sheets together using an adhesive,splicing tape, heat or solvent-welding.3.2.3 mechanically fastened membranesa single ply orbase ply (part of a multi-layer system) membrane which hasbeen positively att
10、ached at intervals to the substrate, usuallywith fasteners and plates, or other mechanical devices such asbattens, or both.4. Classification4.1 Class 2Adesignation achieved when a roof membranesubjected to an impact energy of approximately 11.0 6 0.3 J8.1 6 0.2 ft-lb in accordance to this test metho
11、d meets theresults stated in Section 11.4.2 Class 3Adesignation achieved when a roof membranesubjected to an impact energy of approximately 19.4 6 0.4 J14.3 6 0.3 ft-lb in accordance to this test method meets theresults stated in Section 11.NOTE 1Class 1 is beyond the scope of this test method.5. Su
12、mmary of Test Method5.1 This test method subjects roof membranes to impacts bydropping a solid steel ball ten times from the appropriateapparatus (Figs. 1 and 2) onto test samples of the roofmembrane being examined.5.2 Roof membrane samples are conditioned in a fluores-cent ultraviolet condensation
13、type artificial weathering appara-tus.5.2.1 Impact testing is performed on samples which areconditioned and not conditioned.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 onRoofing Membrane Systems.
14、Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D7052_D7052M-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Su
15、mmary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principl
16、es for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16. Significance and Use6.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating newroof membranes for resistance to specific impact energies. Th
17、emethod evaluates new roof membranes when first applied andalso after simulated deterioration caused by the ultravioletradiation and moisture.6.2 Use Class 2 for an impact resistance of 11.0 6 0.3 J 8.16 0.2 ft-lb and Class 3 for an impact resistance of 19.4 6 0.4J 14.3 6 0.3 ft-lb.7. Apparatus7.1 G
18、uide TubeThe test apparatus consists of a section ofa PVC pipe 57 6 2.8 mm 2.25 6 0.1 in. I.D. supported aboveand perpendicular to the sample. This tube has two holes belowthe top of the tube, which allow a pin to be inserted throughboth sides of the tube. The pin acts as a stop for the steel ball.A
19、djustment is provided to maintain the drop height of the ballto accommodate different sample thicknesses (see Figs. 1 and2).7.2 StrikerAsteel ball 51 6 2.5 mm 2 6 0.1 in. diameterweighing 540 6 27 g 1.19 6 0.06 lb meeting SpecificationA295/A295M46T.7.3 Supporting BaseUnless otherwise specified, them
20、embrane-substrate assembly shall be placed directly on a flatsolid concrete support such as a concrete floor (with or withouttile) during impact test. The back surface of the substrate shallbe in contact with the support. If a specimen support other thanflat concrete is used, it shall be indicated o
21、n the test report.7.4 Class 2 (Fig. 1)A steel ball meeting SpecificationA295/A295M46T, Type A is dropped from a height of 2.1 60.05 m 81 6 2 in. onto the sample by removing the pin fromthe tube. This procedure generates an impact energy ofapproximately 11.0 6 0.3 J 8.1 6 0.2 ft-lb over the impactare
22、a.7.5 Class 3 (Fig. 2)A steel ball meeting SpecificationA295/A295M46T, Type A is dropped from a height of 3.6 60.1 m 141.2 6 4.3 in. onto the sample by removing the pinfrom the tube. This procedure generates an impact energy ofapproximately 19.40 6 0.4 J 14.3 6 0.3 ft-lb over the impactarea.8. Sampl
23、ing, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 Enough material for two representative roof membranesamples, minimum 0.3 by 0.6 m 1 by 2 ft are selected for thematerial to be tested.8.1.1 For materials supplied as sheets or rolls, the sampleshall incorporate a field seam constructed in accordance withthe man
24、ufacturers instructions within the assembly, in thecenter and parallel to the long side of the sample.8.1.2 One new roof membrane sample, cut to the appropri-ate size for the apparatus being used and having an exposurearea not less than 305 by 457 mm 12 by 18 in., is conditionedFIG. 1 Class 2 Test S
25、etupD7052/D7052M 172in a fluorescent ultraviolet condensation type artificial weath-ering apparatus as described in 9.1.8.2 Adhered roof materials are installed in accordance withthe manufacturers instructions to the same substrate to be usedin the field prior to conditioning (see Appendix X1). Afte
26、rimpact testing the samples are examined for damage.8.3 The mechanically attached roof membrane is secured inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions to the sub-strate to be used in the field.After impact testing, the sample isexamined for damage.8.4 For samples that incorporate fasteners and
27、plates tosecure the substrate, the substrate is applied over34 in. 19mm thick plywood and secured to the plywood with thefastener and plate agreed to by the sponsor and test laboratory.8.5 For roof covers that are mechanically attached, thesubstrate is applied over34 in. 19 mm thick plywood and ther
28、oof cover is applied over the substrate and mechanicallyattached to the plywood with the fastener and plate agreed toby the sponsor and test laboratory.9. Conditioning9.1 One roof membrane shall be conditioned for 1000 h ina fluorescent ultraviolet condensation device operated in ac-cordance with Pr
29、actice G154.9.1.1 Use UVA 340 lamps conforming to the requirementsof Practice G154.9.1.2 Operate the device according to the following expo-sure cycle.Cycle description andtimeSet points Operational fluctuationALight 8 hours Uninsulated black paneltemperature: 63 C 145F3 C 5 FIrradiance (ifcontrolle
30、d): 0.89 W/m2at 340 nm0.02 W/m2Dark withcondensation 8 hoursUninsulated black paneltemperature: 50 C 122F3 C FRepeat the 16 hour cycle described above continuously until the desiredexposure time is reached.AThe operational fluctuation is the allowed deviation from the set point of thecontrolled para
31、meter indicated by the device during equilibrium conditions. If thereading indicated by the device is outside the limits defined by the operationalfluctuation, discontinue the test and correct the cause of the problem beforecontinuing.9.2 Prior to conditioning, roof membranes fully or partiallyadher
32、ed to the substrate are allowed to set, that is, adhesivecure, at standard room temperatures for 28 days, if required.9.3 Subsequent to conditioning, roof membranes are in-spected for damage (see 11.1). If no damage is present, theconditioned roof membrane is subjected to impact per Section10.10. Pr
33、ocedure10.1 Inspect the roof membrane to determine the normalcondition of the membrane prior to impacting.FIG. 2 Class 3 Test SetupD7052/D7052M 17310.2 Impact the sample that has not been conditioned andthe sample that has been conditioned. Ten drops (see 5.1) arerequired on each sample. All drops s
34、hall be conducted atlaboratory conditions of approximately 23 6 2 C 73.4 6 3.6F.10.2.1 Class 2The 51 6 2.5 mm 2 6 0.1 in. diametersteel ball shall be dropped onto the sample from a height of 2.16 0.05 m 81 6 2 in. Each drop is to impact the sample at adifferent location. Impact locations shall be sp
35、aced a minimumof between 38 to 51 mm 1.5 to 2.0 in. apart.10.2.2 Class 3The 51 6 2.5 mm 2 6 0.1 in. diametersteel ball shall be dropped onto the sample from a height of 3.66 0.1 m 141.2 6 4.3 in. Each drop is to impact the sampleat a different location. Impact locations shall be spaced aminimum of b
36、etween 38 to 51 mm 1.5 to 2.0 in. apart.10.3 All conditioned and not conditioned samples are sub-jected to impact testing unless otherwise noted (see 9.3). Eachsample shall be examined to determine impact locations.10.3.1 The selected locations shall be on the portion of theroof membrane that would
37、normally be exposed in the field andshall include but not be limited to exposed edges, corners,unsupported areas, overlaps, joints, and five drops on afield-fabricated seam (two on the edge of the seam and three onthe seam, one of which shall be on a fastener assembly withinthe seam, if present). Th
38、e remaining five drops shall includeone drop on a fastener assembly under the roof membrane, ifpresent.10.3.2 The samples are then inspected for damage (see11.1).11. Interpretation of Results11.1 When examined under a 10 magnification, the roofmembrane and the field seam, if present, shall not showc
39、racking, splitting, separation, delamination, fracturing,tearing, crazing, rupture or other evidence of openings of theprepared roof membrane. Both the top and underside of themembrane shall be examined at all impact locations. For anyportion of the roof membrane that is impacted at an adheredlocati
40、on, only the top on the membrane shall be examined atthose locations.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Materials used in sample construction. Report allmaterials used to fabricate samples, including substrate.12.1.2 Date of sample construction.12.1.3 Date and results (see 11.1)
41、of not conditionedsample, subsequent to impact.12.1.4 Date and time that sample was placed in the condi-tioning apparatus.12.1.5 Date and time that sample was removed from theconditioning apparatus.12.1.6 Date and results (see 10.1) of conditioned sample,prior to impact.12.1.7 Date and results (see
42、10.1) of conditioned sample,subsequent to impact, if conducted.12.1.8 Whether or not the membrane met Class 2 or Class 3.13. Precision and Bias13.1 No information is presented about either the precisionor bias of Test Method of Determining Impact Resistance ofRoof Membranes Using Steel Balls since t
43、he test is non-quantitative.14. Keywords14.1 conditioned; steel ball impactAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLES OF ROOF MEMBRANES ADHERED TO THE SUBSTRATEX1.1 Photos (Figs. X1.1-X1.4) show roof membranes ad-hered to the substrate and the test assembly placed on theweathering apparatus.D7
44、052/D7052M 174FIG. X1.1 Roof Membrane Adhered Directly to Foam Core Roof InsulationFIG. X1.2 Roof Membrane Adhered Directly to Foam Roof Insulation Being ConditionedFIG. X1.3 Roof Membrane Adhered Directly to Wood Fiber BoardD7052/D7052M 175X2. INFORMATION ON IMPACT ENERGY CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE F
45、OLLOWING PUBLICATIONSX2.1 Richard A. Critchell, Roofing Research and StandardsDevelopment, December 1986.X2.2 FM Approvals LLC, Approval Standard for Single-Ply, Polymer-Modified Bitumen Sheet, Built-Up Roof (BUR)and Liquid Applied Roof Assemblies for use in Class 1 andNoncombustible Roof Deck Const
46、ruction, June 2012.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement
47、of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for
48、 additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known
49、to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to ph
