1、2014届高考阅读理解全程冲刺训练（ 10）英语试卷与答案（带解析） 阅读理解 Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns. Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their pu
2、rchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy. This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environment
3、ally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a companys environmental reputation was not good enough. Harry Morrison, chief executi
4、ve（主管） of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes： “I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is tickingwe dont have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.” L
5、arger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放） . Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear
6、 about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers. The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When
7、 companies are granted（授予） the standard, they can use a logo（标识） in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said. 【小题 1】 Whats the main idea of the passage A Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers. B Companies
8、 will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions. C Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home. D Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers environmental awareness. 【小题 2】 The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”. A affect B change C
9、 disturb D reject 【小题 3】 According to Harry Morrison, businesses . A will benefit from cutting carbon emissions B should buy carbon allowances for shoppers C are required to make up for their carbon emissions D have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere 【小题 4】 We can learn from the pass
10、age that businesses will . A have a strong desire to reduce costs B use the same logo in their marketing C gain advantages by taking early action D attract more shoppers by storing goods 答案： 【小题 1】 D 【小题 2】 A 【小题 3】 A 【小题 4】 C Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always comin
11、g in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. Its iniquitous, they say, that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes
12、 to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why dont they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods After all, its the consumer who pays The poor old consumer! Hed have to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of th
13、e heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read.
14、Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement. Lots of people pretend that they never re
15、ad advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway
16、byelaws while waiting for a train Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positiv
17、e contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a ne
18、wspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustnt forget is the small ads. which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, yo
19、u can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the hatch, match and dispatch column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or agony column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep ins
20、ight into human nature. Its the best advertisement for advertising there is! 【小 题 1】 What is main idea of this passage A Advertisement. B The benefits of advertisement. C Advertisers perform a useful service to communities. D The costs of advertisement. 【小题 2】 The attitude of the author toward adver
21、tisers is A appreciative. B trustworthy. C critical. D dissatisfactory. 【小题 3】 Why do the critics criticize advertisers A Because advertisers often brag. B Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”. C Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary. D Because customers pa
22、y more. 【小题 4】 Which of the following is Not True A Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything. B We can buy what we want. C Good quality products dont need to be advertised. D Advertisement makes our life colorful. 【小题 5】 The passage is A Narration. B Description. C
23、Criticism. D Argumentation. Vocabulary come in for ( sth. ) 是某事物的对象，吸引（某事物），获得 flair 天资，天分 iniquitous 极邪恶的，极不公正的 drab 单调的，乏味的 subsist 活下去，生存下去，维持下去 hatch 孵化（指生孩子） match 匹配，婚姻 dispatch 派遣，发送 agony 极大痛苦，煎熬 agony column （报刊中关于个人疑难问题征询意见的）读者来信专栏 答案： 【小题 1】 C 【小题 2】 A 【小题 3】 A 【小题 4】 C 【小题 5】 C 难句译注 Adve
24、rtisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism. 【参考译文】广告商总是雄心勃勃（想得很大），也许这就是为什么他们老挨批评。 Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion. 【参考译文】他们的批评者似乎对他们很气愤，因为他们在自我抬高 /标榜上很有天分。 No other item in a newspaper provides such entertain
25、ing reading or offer such deep insight into human nature. 【参考译文】报纸任何其他栏目都难以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供对人性的内涵如此深刻的洞察。 Its the best advertisement for advertising there is. 【参考译文】这是广告中最佳的广告。 写作方法与文章大意 文章以因果、对比的手法写出有没有广告的后果及广告的真正作用。文章首先指出广告商遭批评的原因：广告商夸大和人们认为广告浪费钱财、商品价格就搞；然后作者以有无广告的后果突出其功能，没有广告，商品价更高，生活单调、乏味。有了广告，商品价低
26、，生活丰富多彩，人们获取各种信息。 【小题 1】 C. 广告对社会的服务很有用。作者从三方面来叙述广告作用：第二段点出如果广告不为产品开辟 广大的市场，我们就得付出很多钱，正是因为大量的广告费用，消费者的商品才会那么便宜。广告除销售商品外，其重要的功能在通知 /告诉信息，有关家用商品的许多只是来自广告，还有新产品的介绍。 第三段讲了美化环境功能。如果火车站的墙上和报上没有广告，那会怎么样。一幅悦人心目，机智的广告将改变一切。 第四段讲了它为我们省钱：别忘了广告对我们口袋作出积极的贡献。报纸、电台、电视台公司没有这笔收入很难生存。我们的报纸，我们付给很少，或者说，我们能享受那么多的节目完全是因为
27、广告商花的钱。如果要我们付报纸的全价，那我们要花多少钱 ！ 最后一段讲了各种专栏的功能。人们可以在这些栏目找工作、买卖房子、宣布婚丧嫁娶信息。这些都围着一个中心：广告对社会服务的有用性。 【小题 2】 A. 广告。太笼统。 B. 广告之优点。文章不是讲优点，而是讲服务于社会的功能。 D. 广告费用。 【小题 3】 A. 欣赏 /赞赏。从上述注释也可推知是 A项。最重要的，作者提出种种功能，是为了反驳第一段内提到的论点：完全是非生产企业每年吸收几百万镑，这说明这些大公司利润有多高。最重要的是消费者付的广告费等。反驳更说明了 A项对。 B. 值得信任。 C. 批评。 D. 不满意。 A. 因为广告
28、商常常爱吹，。见难句译注 1.。 B. 因为批评者认为广告浪费钱。 C. 因为广告促使消费者购买不必要的东西。 D. 因为消费者支付更多。 【小题 4】 C. 优质产品不需要广告。一切产品都需要广告，新产品、老产品都需要。 A. 广告对我们的口袋作出贡献。 B. 我们可以买到我们所需的。 D. 广告使我们生活丰富多彩。这三条都提到也是真实的。 【小题 5】 C. 文章一开始就提到对广告的批评，然后作者以对比的手法说明其功能。 A. 叙事。 B. 描写。 D. 议论。 Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives
29、a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws(爪 )on its wings when young .They build their homes about 4.6m above the river ,an important feature(特征 )for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin. In appearance， the b
30、irds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside .The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the
31、young. Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip .Using these four claws ,together with the beak(喙 ),they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they l
32、ose their claws. During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes. 【小题 1】 What is the text mainly about
33、A Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. B The relatives and enemies of hoatzins. C Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. D The appearance and living habits of hoatzins. 【小题 2】 Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that A they look like young cuckoos B they have claws on the wings C t
34、hey eat a lot like a cow D they live on river banks 【小题 3】 What can we infer about primitive birds from the text A They had claws to help them climb. B They could fly long distances. C They had four wings like hoatzins. D They had a head with long feathers on the top. 【小题 4】 Why do hoatzins collect
35、together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes A To find more food. B To protect themselves better. C To keep themselves warm. D To produce their young. 答案： 【小题 1】 D 【小题 2】 B 【小题 3】 A 【小题 4】 D 【小题 1】选 D。考查文章主题大意。纵观全文，文章主要讲的是 hoatzin麝雉，这种鸟类的外貌以及生活习性。 【小题 2】选 B。根据第一段 has claws(爪 )on its wings when young,和第三段可知， hoatzin在幼年期是有爪子的，而长大学会飞之后就没有了。 【小题 3】选 A。关键是 primitive“原始的，早期的 ”的意思。第三段第二句话。 【小题 4】选 D。最后一段最后一句话。
