1、2014届高考阅读理解全程冲刺训练（ 18）英语试卷与答案（带解析） 阅读理解 People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning eve
2、nly(均匀的 ) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions, Jack said. Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglec
3、t (忽略 ) the mouth. According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural sit
4、uations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, an
5、gry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. The cultural difference in eye mov
6、ements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions, Jack said. Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less. In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signal
7、s of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 【小题 1】 The
8、 discovery shows that Westerners . A pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B consider facial expressions universally reliable C observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 【小题 2】 What were the people asked to do in the study A To
9、make a face at each other. B To get their faces impressive. C To classify some face pictures. D To observe the researchers faces. 【小题 3】 What does the underlined word they in Paragraph 6 refer to A The participants in the study. B The researchers of the study. C The errors made during the study. D T
10、he data collected from the study. 【小题 4】 In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to . A do translation more successfully B study the mouth more frequently C examine the eyes more attentively D read facial expressions more correctly 【小题 5】 What can be the best title for the passage A The
11、 Eye as the Window to the Soul B Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding 答案： 【小题 1】 A 【小题 2】 C 【小题 3】 A 【小题 4】 C 【小题 5】 B 本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。 【小题 1】 A 考点：细节理解题 ：根据第三段 “Westerners loo
12、k at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略 ) the mouth.” 可以得出答案： 【小题 2】 C 考点：细节理解题 ：根据第五段 “by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categori
13、es: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.”可以判断选 C 【小题 3】 A 考点：词义猜测 ：根据定语从句 “that they show”所修饰的 eye movements 在研究中为 the participants 所作（从 the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可判断选 A 【小题 4】 C 考点：细节理解题 ：根据第六段 “It turned out that Easterners focus
14、ed much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners.”可判断选 C 【小题 5】 B 考点：主旨大意题 ：文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得 出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为 B The pound new Library of Birmingham（ LoB） will be the most
15、visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization（数字化） of everyday life. Set to open in 2013, the 188 m LoB is already beginning to tale shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment. As digital media（媒介） is important to its idea. the project
16、is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies. Brian Gambles, the LoB project director, says it is about giving people the right tools for learning, “The aim is to mix the physical with the digital. Providing 24-hour services which can be
17、 used through many different ways. It is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.” The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public. Even before the LoB is complet
18、e, the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual（虚拟的） LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work b
19、efore it even opens. Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are working on the LoB projects. Substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls “enlarge reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the LoB which is in the early stage
20、s of development is an online library of figures of the city being built by a digital content company in Cahoots, in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material. Gambles says: “Technology will enable us to make the librarys content and services open to citizens as sever befo
21、re.” 【小题 1】 The underline part “its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of_. A the equipment B the project C the digital media D the physical library 【小题 2】 While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can_. A get a general idea of the LoB B meet many world-famous experts C learn how to put up a l
22、ibrary building D understand how the specialists work on the project 【小题 3】 Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens a. It offers better learning tools b. It reaches users in different ways c. It provides users with smart phone d. It allows users to enrich its material e. It gives non
23、-stop physical and digital services Aa put book B a library guide C a handbook Da newspaper report 答案： 【小题 1】 B 【小题 2】 A 【小题 3】 A 【小题 4】 D 【要点综述】本篇文章为新闻报道类文体。文章报道了 Library of Birmingham（伯明翰图书馆）将会投巨资改建成一个全新的数字化图书馆的事情。 【小题 1】 B词义推断题。通过分析单词所在的这个句子，可知 its（它的）指代的是主句中的主语 “这个工程的 ”， its idea便是指 the idea of
24、the project。 【小题 2】 A细节理解题。根据第 6段第 2句 “Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.”可知答案：为 A。B、 C、 D说法均有误。 【小题 3】 A细 节理解题。根据第 4段 “it is about giving people th
25、e right tools for learning”， “which can be used through many different ways”及第 7段 “in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material”可知。 【小题 4】 D推理判断题。文章首段便简明地概括了文章主题，全文体现较明显的及时性，这是新闻类文体的典型特征，据此可判断文章 应来源于一篇新闻报道。 In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the childs a
26、cquisition (学会 ) of each new skill m the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might
27、happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthu
28、siasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe (严格的 ) over time of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls r
29、epresent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for moralit
30、y (道德 ). Also, parents should realize that example is better than precept. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教 ), their children may grow confused when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a
31、 marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment. 【小题 1】 Eagerly watching the childs acquisition of new skills, _. A should be avoided B is universal among parents C sets up dangerous states of worry in the child D will make the child lose intere
32、st in learning new things 【小题 2】 In the process of childrens learning new skills, parents _. A should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read B should expect a lot of the children C should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ow
33、n D should create as many learning opportunities as possible 【小题 3】 The second paragraph mainly tells us that _. A parents should be strict with their children B parental controls reflect only the values of the community C parental restrictions vary, and are not always for the benefit of the childre
34、n alone D its parents and societys duty to control the children 【小题 4】 The word “precept” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_”. A opinion B punishment C behavior D instruction 【小题 5】 In terms of moral matters, parents should _. A follow the rules themselves B be aware of the huge difference between adu
35、lts and children C forbid their children to follow hook teachings D always ensure the security of their children 答案： 【小题 1】 B 【小题 2】 C 【小题 3】 C 【小题 4】 D 【小题 5】 A 在孩子成长过程中，父母不能拔苗助长。父母对孩子的 “严 ”与 “松 ”之间应有一个恰 当的度。关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，带头遵循 ,“榜样比说教更有力 ”。 【小题 1】 B 推理判断题。根据文章第一自然段开头 In bringing up children，eve
36、ry parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skill，既然是每位父母都会这样做，那么这种做法在 父母中就是普遍的，故选 B。根据文章第一自然段第二句，选项 C。 sets up dangerous states of worry in the child是由 hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate 引起的， “迫不及待地要 求孩子做超出其自然成长速度的事情 ”和 “热切地观察孩子学会每一项新技能 ”显然不是一 回事，作者对后者没有否定之意，所以 A不对。根据
37、文章第一自然段末句，选项取 D。 will make him lose interest in learning new things是由 a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities引起的。故 D也不合文意。 【小题 2】 C 推理判断题。文章第一自然段第二句 It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate， but this can set Up dangerous feelings of failu
38、re and states of worry in the child，说明在孩子成长过程中，父母不能拔苗助长。 文章第一段末句又说： On the other hand， though， if a child is left alone too much， or without any learning opportunities， he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself，说明对孩子太放任自流同样 不利。根据这两方面，应选 C，父母对孩子的 “严 ”与
39、 “松 ”之间应有一个恰当的度。 【小题 3】 C 主旨大意题。文章第二自然段的大意是 :“父母对孩子的严格程度有很大的不同 ”。 【小题 4】 D 词义推测题四个选项的意思分别是： A. opinion (观点 )； B. punishment(惩罚 )； C. bebaviour(行为 )； D instruction(说教，源于 instruct)。根据文章第三段第三，四句 Also， parents should realize that “example is better than precept” If they are not sincere and do not practi
40、ce what they preach(说教 ) 可以推测， precept应表达与 example对立的意思，且与preach是同 义词，引语的意思是 “榜样比说教更有力 ”，故选项 D为最佳选项。 【小题 5】 A 推理判断题根据文章第三自然段第四句，再根据文章最后一段，可以得出结论， 关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，带头遵循， (参见上一小题之 )，故选A。 Three Central Texas men were honored with the Texas Department of Public Safetys Directors Award in a Tuesday morn
41、ing ceremony for their heroism in saving the victims of a serious two-car accident. The accident occurred on March 25 when a vehicle lost control while traveling on rain-soaked State Highway 6 near Baylor Camp Road. It ran into an oncoming vehicle, leaving the occupants trapped inside as both vehicl
42、es burst into flames. Bonge was the first on the scene and heard children screaming. He broke through a back window and pulled Mallory Smith, 10, and her sister, Megan Smith, 9, from the wreckage. The girls mother, Beckie Smith, was not with them at the time of the wreck, as they were traveling with
43、 their body sitter, Lisa Bowbin. Beckie Smith still remembers the sickening feeling she had upon receiving the call informing her of the wreck and the despair as she drove to the scene. Bozeman and Clemmons arrived shortly after Bonge and helped rescue the other victims and attempted to put out the
44、fires. “I was nervous， ”Bozeman said. “I dont feel like Im a hero. I was just doing what anyone should do in that situation. I hope someone would do the same for me.” Everyone at the accident made it out alive, with the victims suffering from nonlife-threatening injuries. Mallory Smith broke both fe
45、murs, and Megan had neck and back injuries. Bowbin is still recovering from a broken pelvis, ankle and foot. The rescuers also were taken to the hospital and treated for cuts and smoke breathing, Bonge said. In addition, Bozeman got to meet accident victim Anthony Russo in the hospital after the acc
46、ident, where Russo presented him with a glass frame inscribed with “Thank you”， Bozeman said. Those involved in that fateful encounter on Highway 6 credited God blessing for bringing them together. “Whatever the circumstances, Tuesdays ceremony provided a time to be grateful for those who put their
47、lives on the line for the lives of complete strangers， ”Beckie Smith said， “Were calling it The Miracle on Highway 6.” 【小题 1】 Whats the main idea of the passage A Three persons were awarded for rescuing victims in a car accident. B Three ordinary people were regarded as great heroes. C Several victi
48、ms were carried to safety from the burning cars. D A car accident occurred on rain-soaked State Highway 6. 【小题 2】 Who saved Megan Smith from the damaged car A Clemmons. B Anthony Russo. C Bozeman. D Bonge. 【小题 3】 Which of the following can be used to describe Bozeman A Kind. B Modest. C Excited. D S
49、mart. 【小题 4】 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage A Luckily, no one received too serious injuries in the accident. B All the victims received slight injuries in the accident. C The rescuers were taken to the hospital to visit the victims. D The injured will soon recover from their injuries. 【小题 5】 It
