1、2014届高考阅读理解全程冲刺训练（ 8）英语试卷与答案（带解析） 阅读理解 Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is “Whats your name ” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct. Have you ever wondered
2、about peoples names Where do they come from What do they mean Peoples first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith
3、; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones. Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”. The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names.
4、A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪 )； someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest. Other early surnames came from peoples occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which m
5、eans a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter a person who made pots and pans. The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked
6、bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenters great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture. Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same vil
7、lage, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer. Some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. Eng
8、lish-speaking people added s or son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts familys ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the MacDonnells and the ODonnells are descendants of the same Donnell. 【小题 1】 Which of the following
9、aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover A Places where people lived. B Peoples characters. C Talents that people possessed. D Peoples occupations. 【小题 2】 According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _. A owned or drove a cart B made things with metals C made ki
10、tchen tools or contains D built houses and furniture 【小题 3】 Suppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _. A Beatrice Smith B Leonard Carter C George Longstreet D Donald Greenwood 【小题 4】 The underlin
11、ed word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a persons _ A later generations B friends and relatives C colleagues and partners D later sponsors 答案： 【小题 1】 B 【小题 2】 C 【小题 3】 D 【小题 4】 A 【小题 1】 B，根据文中 4,5,6三段可知只有 B选项未提及 【小题 2】 C文中第六段 potter-a person who made pots and pans,可知 potter 意为一个制作茶壶和平底锅的人，
12、由此推断选 C 【小题 3】 D根据文中倒数第 2段可知一些人取名是根据特征而来。比如灰色头发的人取名 john Gray，高个的人取名 john Tallman.所以根据题意，居住在森林旁边的人取名为 Donald Greenw 【小题 4】 A 根据最后一段第一二行 “some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. The Johnsons are descendants of John可知descendants指的是后代。 The past ages of man have all been car
13、efully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like Palaeolithic Man, Neolithic Man, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label Legless Man. Histories of the time will go something li
14、ke this: in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because
15、 of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didnt use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. The future history books migh
16、t also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world or even less if the wing ofthe aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a bl
17、urred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the wo
18、rds of the old song: I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see I saw the sea. The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says Ive been there. You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say Iv
19、e been there meaning, I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is ach
20、ieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thin
21、g: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers. 【小题 1】
22、Anthorpologists label nowadays men Legless because A people forget how to use his legs. B people prefer cars, buses and trains. C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking. D there are a lot of transportation devices. 【小题 2】 Travelling at high speed means A peoples focus on the future. B a pl
23、easure. C satisfying drivers great thrill. D a necessity of life. 【小题 3】 Why does the author say we are deprived of the use of our eyes A People wont use their eyes. B In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless. C People cant see anything on his way of travel. D People want to sleep during trav
24、elling. 【小题 4】 What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage A Legs become weaker. B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place. C There is no need to use eyes. D The best way to travel is on foot. 【小题 5】 What does a birds-eye view mean A See view with birds eyes. B A bi
25、rd looks at a beautiful view. C It is a general view from a high position looking down. D A scenic place. VOCABULARY Palaeolithic 旧石器时代的 Neolithic 新石器时代的 escalator 自动电梯，自动扶梯 ski-lift 载送滑雪者上坡的装置 mar 损坏，毁坏 blur 模糊不清，朦胧 smear 涂，弄脏，弄模糊（尤指画面、轮廓等） evocative 引起回忆的，唤起感情的 El Dorado (由当时西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲 )黄金国，宝山，
26、富庶之乡 Kabul 喀布尔（阿富汗首都） Irkutsk 伊尔库茨克（原苏联亚洲城市） 难句译注与答案：详解 The only way to travel is on foot 旅游的唯一方法是走路 难句译注 Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. 【参考译文】飞机旅行，你只可俯视世界 如果机翼碰巧挡住了你的视线，就看得更少了。 When you travel by car or train a blur
27、red image of the country-side constantly smears the windows. 【参考译文】如果乘车或火车旅行，郊外模糊朦胧的景象不断地掠过窗口。 写作方法与文章大意 文章以因果写作方法，写出了由于种种现代化交通设施、人们不需用脚走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机 ，车、机速度飞快，外边的景物难以看清，最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼成为 “无脚之人 ”。一切都经历不到。作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步 经历现实。 答案： 【小题 1】 A 【小题 2】 A 【小题 3】 C 【小题 4】 D 【小题 5】 C 【小题 1】 A 人 们
28、忘了用脚。答案：在第一段：人类学家把以往年代的人们分别标上旧石器时代、新石器时代人，等等。干脆利落地总结了一个时期。当他们转向 20世纪，他们肯定会标上 “无脚的人 ”。因为在 20世纪，人们忘了如何用脚走路。男人女人早年外出就坐车、公共汽车、火车。大楼里由电梯、自动扶梯，不需要人们走路。即使度假期间，他们也不用脚。他们筑有缆车道、滑雪载车和路直通山顶。所有的风景旅游区都有大型的汽车停车场。 B 人们喜欢汽车、公交车、火车等。 C 电梯、自动扶梯制止人们走路。 D 有许多交通运输工具。 【小题 2】 A 人们的注意力 在未来。见最后一段第一句话：当你高速旅行，现在等于零，你主要生活在未来，因为
29、你大部分时间盯在前面到达的某个地方。真到了，又没有意义了，你还要再向前进。 B 是一种欢乐。 C 满足司机强烈的渴望。第二段中提及死机醉心于开车、不停车但不是快速前进着眼于未来。 D 生活的需要。这一条在第一段中提及这种情况是因为他们那异常的生活方法强加给时代的居民。这是指不用脚走路，而用一切代步器 交通运输工具，不是开快车。 【小题 3】 C 人们在旅行途中什么都见不到。答案：在第二段，由一地转向另一地，路上你什么都没有见到。乘飞机 你只能俯视世界，火车，汽车，只见外界朦胧景象掠过窗子。海上旅游，只见到海。 “我到过那里 ”此话含义就是 “我以一小时一百英里在去某某地方时经过那里 ”。正因为
30、如此，作者指出将来的历史书上会记录下：我们被剥夺了眼睛的应用。 A 人们不愿用眼睛。 B 在高速旅行中，眼睛没有用了。 D 旅行中，人们想睡觉。 【小题 4】 D 旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分别讲述了旅行可不用脚、不用眼等情况。第三段，在讲述了人们只知向前向前，一切经历都停滞，现实不再是现实，还不如死的好。而用脚走路的旅行者总是生活再现实，对他来说 旅行和到达是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，他用眼睛、耳朵，以至整个身体去体验现在时刻、旅行终点，他感到全身舒坦愉悦的疲劳，美美享受满足的酣睡；一切真正旅行者的真实报偿。这一段就是作者写文章的目的 走路是旅行的最佳方式。 A 脚变得软弱无
31、力。 B 现代交通工具把世界变小。 C 没有必要用眼睛。 【小题 5】 C 从高出向下看的景致：俯视。 A 用鸟的眼睛看景点。 B 鸟在看美景。 D 风景点。 It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves. Some groups believe wolves should be killed. Other people believe wolves must be protected so that they
32、 will not disappear from the wilderness (荒野 ) For Killing Wolves In Alaska， the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago， because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. However 1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur So the w
33、olf population has greatly increased. Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family. People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by change
34、s in the wilderness plant life When the deer cant find enough food， they die If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer， their prey(猎物 )will disappear some day And the wolves will too So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology If we killed more wolves， we
35、would save them and their prey from dying out Wed also save some farm animals In another northern state， wolves attack cows and chickens for food Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem They believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places w
36、here there is a small wolf population Against Killing Wolves If you had lived long ago， you would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf According to most stories， hungry wolves often kill people for food Even today， the stories of the “big bad wolf will not disappear But the fac
37、t is wolves are afraid of people and they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell When wolves eat other animals， they usually kill the very young or the sick and injured .The strongest survive .No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived And
38、has always been a law of nature. Although some people say it is good sense to kill wolves， we say it is nonsense! Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance The wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large, and that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life The real
39、 problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used by people Even if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs the wolves cant always find enough food .So they travel to the nearest source, which is often a farm Then there is danger The “big bad wolf” has arrived! And everyon
40、e knows what happens next 【小题 1】 According to the passage， some people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons EXCET that A there are too many wolves B they kill large numbers deer C they attack cows and chickens for food D they destroy the wilderness plant life 【小题 2】 So
41、me people are against killing wolves because A wolves help to keep the ecological balance in the wideness B there is too small a wolf population in the wilderness C there are too many deer in the wilderness D wolves are afraid of people and never attack people 【小题 3】 According to those against killi
42、ng wolves， when wolves eat other animals， A they never eat strong and healthy ones B they always go against the law of nature C they might help this kind of animals survive in nature D they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness 【小题 4】 The last sentence “And everyone knows what happens nex
43、t” implies that in such cases . A farm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped away B wolves will kill people and people will in turn kill them C wolves will find enough food sources on farms D people will leave the areas where wolves can live 答案： 【小题 1】 D 【小题 2】 A 【小题 3】 C 【小题 4】 B 【小题 1】 D根据文中小标题 For killing wolves 第一段第三行 “so the wolf population has increased”第三段第一句和第四段第一句话，可知选项 D不是原因 【小题 2】 A小标题 Against killing wolves 中第三段最后一句 【小题 3】 C 小标题 Against killing wolves 中第二段最后两行可知强者生存，弱者淘汰是自然法则 【小题 4】 B 文中最后一段可知狼居住的地方被人类占据，它们就会跑到就近的农场等地吃人，那么人类就会反过来杀死它们。
