1、2015届北京市房山区周口店中学高三上期中英语试卷与答案（带解析） 其他 The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. 【小题 1】 However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with h
2、is wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. The Gilsons have been married for 35 years. No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. However, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmo
3、kers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes. _【小题 2】 The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53, 000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke. The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous
4、chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmokers health. 【小题 3】 They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的 ) chemicals in their bodies. 【小题 4】 For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and oth
5、er public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. Resear
6、ch shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as the children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for chi
7、ldren who live in homes where both parents smoke. 【小题 5】 As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places. A Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. B As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe t
8、obacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. C In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer. D However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young. E. People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. F. This smoke is called secondhand smoke. G. Many people,
9、 including doctors, parents, teachers, and others, are concerned about the health risks of cigarette smoking. 答案：【小题 1】 C 【小题 2】 F 【小题 3】 A 【小题 4】 B 【小题 5】 E 试题分析：文章主要讲的 是二手烟的危害。人们都知道，吸烟有害健康。科学研究表明，抽烟能引发多种疾病。然而，即使不抽烟的人，也有可能患上肺癌等疾病。因为他们长期接触二手烟。 【小题 1】根据横线前后 “it causes many kinds of diseases. .However
10、, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes”可知，本段讲的是吸烟会引发很多疾病，根据后面一句可知，这里说的是肺癌，故选 C。 【小题 2】根据 “about 53, 000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke”可知，本段讲的是二手烟及其危害，故选 F。 【小题 3】根据横线前后的 “In the past, scientists did not think that t
11、hese chemicals could harm to a nonsmokers health. .They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的 ) chemicals in their bodies.”可知，科学家以前不认为烟中的有害物质会对不吸烟的人造成伤害，但是科学家发现，不吸烟的人体内也含有一些有害物质，说明科学家改变了观点，故选 A。 【小题 4】根据 “For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurant
12、s, hotels and other public places.”可知，这里是举例说明 人们不可避免地会在生活中接触到二手烟，故选 B。 【小题 5】根据 “As a result, they have passed laws.”可知，人们通过制定法律法规来禁止在公共场合抽烟，说明人们已经意识到了二手烟的危害，故选 E。 考点：健康类短文阅读 单项选择 * By the end of Last year, we _ more than 1,100,000 cars. A were producing B produced C had produced D would produce 答案：
13、 C 试题分析：考查时态。句意：到去年年底，我们已经生产了一百一十多万辆汽车。 by the time+从句，从句用一般现在时，则主句用将来完成时；从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时； by the end of+时间点，时间点是过去的时间，主句用过去完成时；时间点是将来的时间，主句用将来完成时。 “By the end of Last year”指的是过去的时间，主句用过去完成时，故选 C。 考点：考查时态 -Is Johnson on duty today -It _ be him, but Im not sure. A will B may C need D must 答案： B 试题分
14、析：考查情态动词。句意： -今天是约翰逊值日吗？ -可能是他，但我不确定。 A愿意； B可能； C需要； D必须，一定。 must表示肯定的推测，意为“一定 ”，根据答语后半句可知， “我 ”不确定是否是约翰逊值日，故选 B。 考点：考查情态动词 Marys mother told her daughter not to spend too much time surfing the Internet, but _ didnt help. A this B that C it D which 答案： C 试题分析：考查指示代词。句意：玛丽的妈妈让她不要长时间地上网，但这并没有起作用。 A这个；
15、 B那个； C它； D定语从句中作主语或宾语。句中含有并列连词 but，说明前后是并列句，排除 D； this表示近指； that表示远指，也指代比较的对象； it指代上文提到的人或物，指代婴儿或不明身份的人，也可指代前文，故选 C。 考点：考查指示代词 The firefighters would not allow anyone_ into the room on fire to collect anything. A to go B going C gone D go 答案： A 试题分析：考查固定搭配。句意：消防员将不会允许任何人进入着火的房间取东西。 allow sb to do s
16、th允许某人做某事，这里用不定式作宾补，故选 A。 考点：考查固定搭配 _ the Water Cube, we were surprised by the design. A See B Saw C To see D Seeing 答案： D 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：看到水立方，我们都被它的设计惊呆了。see的逻辑主语是 we，二者是主谓关系，用现在分词表主动和伴随，这里表示时间，相当于 when引导的时间状语从句，即 When we saw the Water Cube，故选 D。 考点：考查非谓语动词 -What do you think of the American sing
17、er Lady Gagas performance -Too crazy, but if I _to her concerts held yesterday, I would have enjoyed it. A would go B went C had gone D should go 答案： C 试题分析：考查虚拟语气。句意： -你觉得美国歌手 Lady Gaga的表演怎么样？-太疯狂了，但是我如果昨天去看她的演唱会的话，我一定会非常享受当时的音乐氛围。根据句意可知， “我 ”并没有去看演唱会，答语是对过去的事情进行虚拟， if从句用 had done，主句用 would have do
18、ne，故选 C。 考点：考查虚拟语气 I wont call you _ something unexpected happens. A while B whether C because D unless 答案： D 试题分析：考查状语从句。句意：我不会给你打电话，除非发生了预料之外的事情。 A尽管，在 .期间； B是否，无论； C因为； D除非。选 B的话，从句应该用将来时； unless相当于 if not，从句用现在时代替将来时，故选 D。 考点：考查状语从句 The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly we
19、lcomed at the airport. A most of them B most of which C most of whom D all of those 答案： C 试题分析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：那些外国客人在机场受到了热烈的欢迎，他们中的大多数是政府官员。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，排除 A、 D； which指物， whom指人，这里的先行词指的是人，排除 B； most of whom相当于 and most of them，故选 C。 考点：考查非限制性定语从句 He is writing a letter_ a pen that I have never
20、 seen before. A by B with C for D at 答案： B 试题分析：考查介词辨析。句意：他正在用一支我从未见过的钢笔写一封信。by通过，后跟名词或动名词； with可以表示用某种工具； for表示目的或一段时间； at指整点时间或指小地点， with a pen用一支钢笔，故选 B。 考点：考查介词辨析 _ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry. A That B What C How D Which 答案： A 试题分析：考查主语从句。句意：男孩没有按时吃药这件事让他妈妈非常生气。谓语动词 made前面
21、是主语部分，即主语从句，从句 “the boy didnt take medicine”不缺少成分，故用 that引导主语从句， that不作成分，但不能省略，故选 A。 考点：考查主语从句 I dont know _ is in charge of English department. A that B which C who D where 答案： C 试题分析：考查宾语从句。句意：我不知道谁是英语系的负责人。 know后面是宾语部分，即宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且指人，因此用 who引导宾语从句，故选 C。 考点：考查宾语从句 -Susan is so excited! -Oh, yes
22、! She is busy preparing for her trip to Africa that she _ for years. A has been expecting B was expecting C had been expecting D would be expecting 答案： A 试题分析：考查时态。句意： -苏三好兴奋啊！ -是的。她正在忙着准备她渴望已久的非洲之旅呢。根据对话中的 “is”可知，两个人说的是现在的情况，排除 C；发生在过去的动作，对现在造成了影响，且有可能继续下去，这时用现在完成进行时，对苏三造成的影响是她很兴奋，多年来，苏三一直渴望去非洲旅行，故
23、选 A。 考点：考查时态 -Dad, can we move into our new house now -No, it _. The decoration has not been finished yet. A was painted B is painting C is painted D is being painted 答案： D 试题分析：考查时态和语态。句意： -爸爸，我们能搬进新房子里了吗？ -现在还不行，房子正在粉刷呢。装修还没有完工。根据答语可知，应该用进行时，排除 A、 C； house与 paint是动宾关系，即房子被粉刷，应该用被动语态，综合考虑，使用进行时的被动语
24、态，故选 D。 考点：考查时态和语态 My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house _ the electricity is cut off. A if B in case C unless D so that 答案： B 试题分析：考查状语从句。句意：我父母住在一个小村庄。他们总是在家里放些蜡烛，以防可能会停电。 A如果，是否； B以防； C除非； D以便于。根据句意可知，家里预备一些蜡烛是为了在停电的时候用，故选 B。 考点：考查状语从句 I know a little bit about
25、 Italy as I _ there several years ago. A went B had been C are going D have been 答案： A 试题分析：考查时态。句意：我对意大利了解一点，因为我几年前去过那里。根据 “several years ago”可知，去意大利是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，故选 A。 考点：考查时态 完型填空 You Did More Than Carry My books Mark was walking home from school one day when he noticed the boy ahead of him ha
26、d dropped all of the books he was carrying, along with a baseball bat and several other things. Mark down and helped the boy pick up these articles. they were going the same way, he helped to carry some of them for him. As they walked, Mark the boys name was Bill. He video games, baseball and histor
27、y, but he was having with his other subjects and that he had just broken with his girlfriend. They arrived at Bills home first and Mark was in for a Coke and to watch some television. The afternoon passed with a few laughs and some shared small talk, and then Mark went home. They to see each other a
28、round school, had lunch together once or twice, and then both ended up from the same high school. Just three weeks before , Bill asked Mark if they talk. Bill him of the day years ago when they had first met. “Do you wonder why I was carrying so many things home that day ” asked Bill. “You see, I 4
29、out my locker because I didnt want to leave a mess anyone else. I had planned to run away and I was going home to my things. But after we spent some time together and laughing, I realized that I had done that, I would have a new friend and missed all the fun we would have together. So you see, Mark,
30、 when you picked up my books that day, you did a lot more. You my life.” 【小题1】 A fell B sat C lay D knelt A Although B Since C After D Until A discovered B realized C said D decided A played B loved C tried D made A questions B ideas C trouble D doubt A up B out C off D away A called B helped C invi
31、ted D allowed A peacefully B willingly C freely D pleasantly A continued B agreed C forced D offered A graduation B movement C separation D vacation A would B should C could D must A demanded B reminded C removed D asked A ever B usually C even D never A checked B took C cleaned D put A over B into
32、C with D for A find B pick C pack D hold A talking B playing C reading D watching A before B if C while D as A forgotten B passed C left D lost A helped B recovered C improved D changed 答案：【小题 1】 D 【小题 2】 B 【小题 3】 A 【小题 4】 B 【小题 5】 C 【小题 6】 A 【小题 7】 C 【小题 8】 D 【小题 9】 A 【小题 10】 A 【小题 11】 C 【小题 12】 B
33、【小题 13】 A 【小题 14】 C 【小题 15】 D 【小题 16】 C 【小题 17】 A 【小题 18】 B 【小题 19】 D 【小题 20】 D 试题分析：马克在回家的路上遇到了一个想辍学的学生比尔。马克帮助贝尔捡起掉落在地上的物品，并和他一同前行。马克与贝尔开心地聊了一个下午，他们成为了好朋友。正是马克的帮助才使得贝尔没有做出辍学的傻事，是马克改变了贝尔的一生。 【小题 1】考查动词辨析。 A下落，跌落，掉下； B坐； C躺； D跪，跪着。根据 “helped the boy pick up these articles”可知，马克屈膝帮男孩捡掉落的 东西，kneel down
34、跪下，屈膝，故选 D。 【小题 2】考查连词辨析。 A尽管； B因为； C在 .之后； D直到。 they were going the same way, he helped to carry因为他们同路，所以马克就帮着男孩拿书，前后是因果关系，故选 B。 【小题 3】考查动词辨析。 A发现； B意识到； C说； D决定。 Mark the boys name was Bill.他们边走边交谈，马克发现男孩的名字叫贝尔，故选 A。 【小题 4】考查动词辨析。 A打，玩； B爱，喜欢； C 尝试，努力； D制作 ，使。He video games, baseball and history贝尔
35、喜欢游戏、棒球和历史，故选 B。 【小题 5】考查名词辨析。 A问题； B想法； C麻烦； D怀疑。 he was having with his other subjects贝尔其它科目不好， have trouble/problem with sth.有麻烦，故选 C。 【小题 6】考查副词辨析。 A向上； B向外； C离开； D离开，远离，在远处。he had just broken with his girlfriend贝尔刚与女朋友分 手， break up结束，破裂，分手，故选 A。 【小题 7】考查动词辨析。 A打电话，称呼； B帮助； C邀请； D允许。根据“for a Cok
36、e and to watch some television”可知，贝尔邀请马克到他家喝可乐、看电视，故选 C。 【小题 8】考查副词辨析。 A安静地； B愿意地； C自由地； D愉快地。根据“with a few laughs and some shared small talk”可知，马克和贝尔有说有笑，愉快地度过了下午时光，故选 D。 【小题 9】考查动词辨析。 A继续； B同意； C迫使； D提供。根据 “had lunch together once or twice”可知，马克和贝尔在学校保持着联系，他们继续见面，有时一起吃午饭，故选 A。 【小题 10】考查名词辨析。 A毕业；
37、B运动，移动，动作； C分离，隔开； D假期。根据 “and then both ended up from the same high school.”可知，到了即将毕业的时候，在离毕业还有三周时间的时候，故选 A。 【小题 11】考查情态动词。 A愿意； B应该； C能够； D必须，一定。 Bill asked Mark if they talk贝尔问马克他们能否谈谈，根据 if可知，贝尔是在征求马克的同意，故选 C。 【小题 12】考查动词辨析。 A要求； B提醒； C移除； D请求，询问。 Bill him of the day years ago贝尔提起了他们几年前初次见面的那天，
38、remind sb of sth提醒某人某事，故选 B。 【小题 13】考查副词辨析。 A曾经； B通常； C甚至； D从不。 Do you wonder why I was carrying so many things home that day 你曾经有没有想过我当时为什么会 拿着那么多东西？ ever表示强调，故选 A。 【小题 14】考查动词辨析。 A检查； B带走，花费； C打扫，清理； D放置。根据 “I had planned to run away”可知，贝尔当时想辍学，他不想给别人留下一个脏乱的储物柜，所以就把自己的储物柜清理了一下，故选 C。 【小题 15】考查介词辨析。
39、 A在 .上方； B进入； C和，带有； D为，给。leave a mess anyone else给他人留下一个脏乱的储物柜， leave sth for sb把某物留给某人，故选 D。 【小题 16】考查动词辨析。 A找 到； B捡起； C打包， (收拾东西 )离开； D握住。根据 “I had planned to run away”可知，贝尔当时想逃跑，所以他当时是回家收拾东西的，故选 C。 【小题 17】考查动词辨析。 A谈论； B玩耍； C阅读； D观看。根据第二段第二行 “and some shared small talk”可知，当时他们是在聊天，故选 A。 【小题 18】考查
40、连词辨析。 A 在 .之前； B 如果，是否； C 在 .期间，尽管；D正如，因为。根据 “I would have a new friend and missed all the fun”可知，贝尔认为如果他当时真的离家出走的话，他就会失去一个新朋友， if引导虚拟条件句，故选 B。 【小题 19】考查动词辨析。 A忘记； B通过； C离开，遗留； D丢失。 I would have a new friend如果出走的话，贝尔将失去马克这个朋友，故选 D。 【小题 20】考查动词辨析。 A帮助； B恢复； C提高； D改变。根据 “when you picked up my books th
41、at day, you did a lot more”和上文可知，正是有了马克的帮助，贝尔才没有做出离家出走 的傻事，是马克改变了贝尔的一生，故选 D。 考点：故事类短文阅读 阅读理解 Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the
42、 range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which req
43、uires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably(必然地 ) associated with environmental damage. Economic growth is the increase in numbers of goods and services produced over time by an economy, and its calculated in terms of real
44、 Gross Domestic Product（ GDP） . Before growth is calculated, inflation （通货膨胀） is adjusted in order to take into account its misleading effect on the price of goods and services. Economic growth can also be explained as the increase in expected output, which results from an increase in actual output,
45、 or total demand. There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the
46、 pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming. Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly
47、used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these
48、 undertakings. In order to produce economically practical energy, a sometimes significant transformation of the natural site is often inevitable（必然的，不可避免的） . This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would block airflows natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember
