1、2012-2013届山东省淄博市博山实验中学高三 12月月考英语试卷与答案（带解析） 其他 阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。 (请注意问题后的词数要求 ) 1Some expressions describe people who are important， or who at least think they are One such expression is bigwig 2In the seventeenth century， important men in Europe began to wear false hair，called wigs As years passe
2、d， wigs began to get bigger The size of a mans wig depended on how important he was The more important he wasor thought he was一 Today， the expression bigwig is used to make fun of a person who feels important People never tell someone he is a bigwig They only use the expression behind his back 3Big
3、wheel is another way to describe an important person A big wheel may be the head of a company， a political leader， a famous movie star They are big wheels because they are powerful What they do affects many people Big wheels give the orders Other people carry them out As in many machines， a big whee
4、l makes the little wheels turn Big wheel became a popular expression after World War It probably comes from an expression used for many years by people who fix parts of cars and trucks They said a person roiled a big wheel if he was important and had influence 4The top of something is the highest pa
5、rt So it is not surprising that top is part of another expression that describes an important person The expression is top banana A top banana is the leading person in a comedy show The funniest comedian is called the top banana The next is second banana And so on Why a banana A comedy act in earlie
6、r days often included a part where one of the comedians would hit the others over the head with a soft object. The object was shaped like the yellow fruit： the banana Top banana still is used mainly in show business Yet the expression can also be used to describe the top person in any area 【小题 1】 Wh
7、ats the best title of the text (no more than 7 words) 【小题 2】 Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 6 words) 【小题 3】 How and when is “bigwig” used in a proper way nowadays (no more than 20 words) 【小题 4】 Complete the following sentence with proper words from Paragraph 3 . (n
8、o more than 3 words) As a big wheel makes the little wheels turn in many machines, powerful people give orders for others to . 【小题 5】 Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese. 答案： 【 小题 1】 The expressions(words)to describe important people 【小题 2】 the bigger the wig he wore 【小题 3】
9、 It is used behind ones back to make fun of someone who feels important 【小题 4】 carry out 【小题 5】在早期的喜剧中，常有这样的场景：其中一名喜剧演员会用柔软的物件敲打别的演员们的脑袋。 试题分析： 【小题 1】 The expressions(words)to describe important people 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的就是在英语中一些用来描述重要人物的短语。 【小题 2】 the bigger the wig he wore 推理题。根据前一句 The size of a mans w
10、ig depended on how important he was说明所佩戴的 wig说明了这个人的重要程度，那么一个人越重要，他所佩戴的 wig就越大。 【小题 3】 It is used behind ones back to make fun of someone who feels important 细节题。就第二段最后两句 the expression bigwig is used to make fun of a person who feels important 。 People never tell someone he is a bigwig They only us
11、e the expression behind his back说明这个词现在被用来取消那些自以为重要的人。 【小题 4】 carry out 推理题。根据第三段第三行 Big wheels give the orders Other people carry them out说明有权的人被称为 Big wheels,别人是执行他的命令。故使用 carry out执行。 【小题 5】在早期的喜剧中，常有这样的场景：其中一名喜剧演员会用柔软的物件敲打别的演员们的脑袋。 翻译题，本题的难点在于上下文的语境和解决词汇的障碍。 考点：考查文化类短文阅读 点评：本文讲述了在英语中一些用来描述重要人物的短
12、语如 big wheels等。要求学生有较好的跨文化的意识，在阅读的时候要注意上下文的语义串 联。本文以推理题的考查为主，要求考生根据上下文的关联性来考虑答案：的选择。 单项选择 * There is Liu Chang in our class, but Im afraid he isnt one you want. A a; a B a; the C a; / D the; / 答案： B 试题分析：本题考查冠词。第一空用不定冠词 a泛指一个名叫 Liu Chuang的人；第二空 one后面有定语从句 you want修饰，故使用 the表示特指。句意：在我们班级里有一个名叫刘闯的人，但是
13、恐怕不 是你要找的你那个人。故 B正确。 考点：考查冠词 点评：冠词的考查要注意 a/an表示泛指， the表示特指。同时要与句意相结合，灵和使用。还有注意一些不使用冠词的情况和一些冠词的固定搭配。 In order to improve your writing, youd better write . A more or less B little by little C now and then D step by step 答案： C 试题分析：考查短语辨析。 A 或多或少； B/D 逐渐； C 时而不时；经常；句意：为了提高你的写作，你最好经常写一写。根据句意说明 C正确。 考点：考
14、查短语辨析 点评：短语辨析在平时要注意归纳总结，四个选项在外形上有一定的形似性，不过在意义上却又细微的差别，具体可使用带入法结合具体语意一一验证，找出两个分句的逻辑联系，方能判断出答案：。 makes me feel sick the way she thinks everybodys in love wit her. A What B That C As D It 答案： D 试题分析：考查 it用法。本句中的 It是形 式主语。真正的主语是 the way she thinks everybodys in love wit her。在英语中能做形式主语，形式宾语的只有 it。句意：她认为每
15、个人都喜欢她这让我感觉很恶心。 考点：考查 it用法 点评：在英语中能做形式主语，形式宾语的只有 it。 - How do you like the material - Lovely. It soft. A is felt B feels C is feeling D felt 答案： B 试题分析：考查系动词用法。系动词 feel没有被动语态，没有进行时，与形容词连用构成系表结构。表示摸上去，摸起来；句意： 你认为这个材料怎么样？ 很好。摸起来很柔软。根据上文的 do说明使用一般现在时，故 B正确。 考点：考查系动词用法 点评：系动词 feel没有被动语态，没有进行时，表示摸上去，摸起来；
16、与形容词连用构成系表结构。 I my homework yesterday, but unfortunately I forgot about it totally. A need have handed in B should have handed in C must have handed in D may have handed in 答案： B 试题分析：考查虚拟语气。 But后面的句子使用陈述语气，前面的句子使用虚拟语气。本题 But后面的句子使用了过去时，故前面的句子是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 need have done需要做某事，实际上却没有做； should have d
17、one本应该做某事，实际上却未做； must have done一定做了某事（表示推测）；may have done也许做了某事（表示推测）；句意：我本应该昨天交作业，但是不 幸的是我完全忘记了。 考点：考查虚拟语气 点评： “情态动词 +have done”可以表示对过去的虚拟或者推测。 need have done需要做某事，实际上却没有做； should have done 本应该做某事，实际上却未做；must have done一定做了某事（表示推测）； may have done也许做了某事（表示推测）； After seemed a long time, they finally
18、arrived at the destination. A what B it C that D which 答案： 试题分析：考查宾语从句。本题的 hat引导宾语从句 what seemed s long time在句中做主语。 It不能引导宾语从句。 That在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，which指特定范围之内的某一个。句意：似乎过了很长的一段时间以后，他们终于到达了目的地。故 A正确。 考点：考查宾语从句 点评：宾语从句的考查主要考查起连接词 what在宾语从句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语。 That 指起引导作用，不在句中充当任何成分，也没有任何的意思。Which指特定范围之内的某一个
19、。 All people around him like him, for he has a strong of humor. A sense B idea C feeling D thought 答案： A 试题分析：名词辨析。 A感觉；官能；意识； B观点； C知觉； D思想，想法；sense常常与 humor, direction等连用，表示幽默感，方向感等等。句意：他周围所有的人都喜欢他，因为他有很强的幽默感。故正确。 考点：考查名词辨析 点评： sense常常与 humor, direction等连用，表示幽默感，方向感等。名词 的词义辨析要根据上下文的语境来辨析使用，同时要注意名词
20、的一些固定搭配。 Keep on trying, you will find a way out. A so B but C or D and 答案： D 试题分析：考查连词。本题是一个固定句式；祈使句 +连词 +陈述句；该句型 =if引导的条件句 +主句。本句 Keep on trying， and you will find a way out=If you keep on trying, you will find a way out.如果该条件句使用否定式，那么原句就应该使用 or。如： Hurry up, or we will be late.=If you dont hurry u
21、p, you will be late. 考点：考查连词 点评：本题是一个固定句式；祈使句 +连词 +陈述句；该句型 =if引导的条件句 +主句。如果该条件句使用否定式，那么原句就应该使用 or。如果条件句使用肯定的形式，原句就使用 and。 Would you mind my using your dictionary . Go ahead. A Yes B Sure C Of course not D Not a little 答案： C 试题分析：考查交际用语。句意： 你介意我用你的字典吗？ 当然不介意。请用吧！本题的关键词是 go ahead去拿吧！去用吧！说明后者不介意对方使用他的字
22、典。 AB两项不是介意。 D项 =very much。故 C正确。 考点：考查交际用语 点评：交际用语的考查关键要看上下文串联的语义搭配，对于一些交际用语中常用的结构在平时要多加识记和辨析。如 not a little=very, very much;十分，非常； not at all一点也不； By the time Billy was 6, he in the sea. A had already swum B was already swimming C has already swum D already swam 答案： A 试题分析：考查时态。 By引导的时间状语从句与完成时连用，
23、如果 by后面的时间是现在的时间，那么使用现在完成时；如果 By 后面的时间是过去的时间，使用过去完成时；如果 by后面的时间是将来的时间，使用将来完成时。本题By后面的时间是 the time Billy was 6,表示的是过去的时间，故使用过去完成时。句意：当 Billy6岁的时候，他已经能够在海里游泳了。故 A正确。 考点：考查时态 点评： By引导的时间状语从句与完成时连用，如果 by后面的时间是现在的时间，那么使用现在完成时；如果 By后面的时间是过去的时间，使用过去完成时；如果 by后面的时间是将来的时间，使用将来完成时。 It was only 3 hours the poli
24、ceman caught the robber. A before B since C when D that 答案： A 试题分析：考查固定句型。固定句型： it be一段时间 before从句； before引导的时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时，主句使用将来时。如果 before从句使用一般过去时，前面的主句也使用一般过去时。本句意为：一段时间以后某事才发生。句意：仅仅三个小时以后警察就抓住了强奸犯。故 A正确。 考点：考查固定句型 点评：固定句型： it be一段时间 before从句； before引导的时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时，主句使用将来时。如果 before
25、 从句使用一般过去时，前面的主句也使用一般过去时。 He is the very lecturer, experience impressed us greatly at the conference yesterday. A who B whom C which D whose 答案： D 试题分析：考查定语从句中的关系词。本题的先行词是 the very lecturer,定语从句中的名词 experience前面缺少定语修饰，故使用 whose修饰。 Whose指代先行词在句中做定语，修饰名词。句意：他就是那个演讲者，在昨天的会议上他的经验给我留下了深刻的印象。故 D正确。 考点：考查定
26、语从句中的关系词 点评：关系代词 Whose指代先行词在句中做定语，修饰名词，其先行词可以是人也可以是物。 A terrible earthquake with tsunami happened in Japan, more than 10,000deaths. A causing B to cause C caused D having caused 答案： A 试题分析：考查现在分 词做结果状语。现在分词做结果状语表示意料之中的结果；不定式与 only连用表示意料之外的结果。本题日本的地震加海啸导致很多人死亡。这是正常的意料之中的结果，故使用现在分词的形式。 D项是现在分词的完成式，表示在
27、谓语动词之前已经完成的事情。故 A正确。 考点：考查现在分词做结果状语 点评：现在分词做结果状语表示意料之中的结果；不定式与 only连用表示意料之外的结果。 Mum: Tom Tom: Here I am. A What B OK C Yes D All right 答案： C 试题分析：考查交际英语。句意： Tom ？ 我在这里，有什么事情吗？本题是交际用语中常考的口语表达。 Yes 常用语服务场所表示应答。 考点：考查交际英语 点评： Yes 常用语服务场所表示应答。 The 2011 International University Games in Shenzhen now appe
28、als to a lot of people across the world. A held B is being held C being held D to be held 答案： C 试题分析 ：考查分词做定语。本题的关键词是 now，说明是现在正在发生的事情。 the 2011 International University Games与 hold构成被动关系，故使用过去分词来修饰，而 now又说明是现在正在发生，所以使用现在分词的被动形式being done。故 C正确。句意：现在正在深圳被举行的 2011年世界大学生运动会吸引了全世界的注意力。故 C正确。 A项表示已经完成，
29、D项表示将要被进行。 B项的句子结构错误。 考点：考查分词做定语用法 点评：使用分词做定语的时候，当名词与动词构成主动关系的时候，使用 现在分词。当二者构成被动关系的时候，使用过去分词。 完型填空 Eating a diet high in processed food increases the risk of depression, research suggests. Whats more, people who ate plenty of vegetables, fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression, the Un
30、iversity College London team found. Data on diet among 3,500 middle-aged civil servants were compared with their emotional state five years later, a British journal reported. They split the participants into two types of diet-those who ate a diet largely based on whole food， which includes lots of f
31、ruit, vegetables and fish， and those who ate a mainly processed food diet, such as sweetened desserts, fried food, processed meat， refined grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender, age, education, physical activity, smoking habits and chronic(慢性的 ) diseases, the
32、y found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets. Those who ate the most wholefood had a 26% lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood. By contrast, people with a diet high in processed food had a 58 higher risk of depression than t
33、hose who ate a diet low in processed foods. Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for. He also pointed in a paper that a Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of depression, bu
34、t the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high. Dr Andrew McCulloeh, chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation, said, this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and
35、 our mental health. He added peoples diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy. The UK population is consuming less nutritious, fresh produce and more saturated fats and sugars. 【小题 1】 The text is mainly about . A the increasingly unhealthy diet of the UK population B the link between processed foo
36、d and depression C the relationship between physical and mental health D the emotional state of the British People 【小题 2】 What do we know about the participants A They are of different ages from young to old. B They are from different walks of life. C They chose the diet they preferred. D Their stat
37、e are also affected by other factors. 【小题 3】 What can we learn from what Dr. Archana Singh Manoux said A It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet. B The Mediterranean diet is the most healthy in the world. C Many studies have been done on the Mediterranean diet before. D
38、The Mediterranean diet is not good for depression. 【小题 4】 Dr. Andrew McCulloch agrees that . A our diets are closely related to our mental health B the present study needs more facts and other information C the UK population will become ill in the near future D more saturated fats and sugars should
39、be taken in 【小题 5】 Why might the author have written this text A To tell people what a healthy diet actually is. B To prove peoples diets are increasingly unhealthy. C To encourage people to cut down on processed food. D To introduce some experts on the research team. 答案： 【小题 1】 B 【小题 2】 D 【小题 3】 A
40、【小题 4】 A 【小题 5】 C 试题分析： 【小题 1】 B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容 Eating a diet high in processed food increases the risk of depression, research suggests. Whats more, people who ate plenty of vegetables, fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression摄入健康的饮食的人患抑郁症的危险要远小于那些摄入过于精细的事物的人。故本文讲述的是健康与饮食的关系。 B正确。 【小
41、题 2】 D 细节题。根据第四段 1,2行 Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for.可知影响整个结果的还有另外一些的原因如生活方式等。故 D正确。 【小题 3】 A 推理题。根据文章倒数第三段 the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood of you
42、eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high. 说明如果你生活在英国，你吃到 Mediterranean diet的可能性并不高。故 A正确。 【小题 4】 A 细节题。根据倒数第二段最后两行 this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health. 说明 Dr. Andrew McCulloch也认为事物和健康之间有 很强的联系。故 A正确。 【小题 5】 C
43、 推理题。本文讲述了一个调查 关于饮食和健康的关系。告诉我们摄入过去精细的食物对我们的健康有很大的影响。是为了说服人们以后不要吃这样的食物，或者减少这样的食物的摄入量。故 C正确。 考点：考查健康类短文阅读 点评：本文讲述的是健康与饮食的关系。告诉我们摄入健康的饮食的人患抑郁症的危险要远小于那些摄入过于精细的事物的人。文章内容较为简单，在审题时注意上下文的串联理解，阅读中要注意上下文之间的关系。然后带着问题，再读全文，找出答题所需要的依据，完成阅读。 It was a cold winters night when I stopped for gas on my way home from w
44、ork. I was tired and had a slight 36 . I worked in a 37 doctors office and this was one of those days when the unexpected happened, making the schedule run 38 than usual. It seemed I was going to be late 39 home and my husband, being the 40 person, would be ready to pronounce me late once again. May
45、be 41 I hurried, I could still make it home. I was heading inside to 42 for my gas when I noticed an older couple at the counter. I heard them asking for 43 to the local hospital. It was the same hospital that I had just 44 a few minutes ago. The young man at the counter was trying to be 45 in expla
46、ining how to get there, with two other people making 46 . One of them was 47 trying to give them a whole different route back. It was then that I walked over to the couple and said, “Would you like to follow me to the 48 ” A look of 49 crossed the womans face. “Im going right by there,” I said, whic
47、h wasnt a(an) 50 since I had just made up my mind to do 51 that. I got in my car and began the journey back. I was trying to watch to be sure they were right 52 me. It took only fifteen minutes to get there as rush hour traffic was beginning to 53 . I felt better than I had all day and my headache w
48、as nearly gone. Later, as I arrived home, my husband 54 , “So you arent ever late any more.” I said, “Sometimes its 55 to be late.” 【小题1】 A break B fever C cold D headache A foreign B common C busy D noisy A earlier B later C easier D simpler A getting B cooking C calling D working A tough B punctual C generous D careful A as B since C while D if A pay B change C wait D search A opinions B trouble C directions D money A reached B visited C called D left A skilled B helpful C experienced D active A comments B promises C jokes D offers A only B
