1、ANSI/I E E E C57.106-1977 (Rwisiin of IEEE Std 64-1969) guide for acceptance and main tena nce of insu la ti ng oil in equipment October 14, 1977 S“06486 ANSI/IEEE C57.106-1977 (Revision of IEEE Std 64-1969) An American National Standard IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in
2、 Equipment Sponsor IEEE Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved September 9,1976 IEEE Standards Board Approved June 16,1978 American National Standards Institute Copyright 1977 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc 345 East 47th Street, New York,
3、 NY 10017, USA No part of this publication may be reproduced in any fm, in an electronic retrieval system or othmwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Approved September 9,1976 IEEE Standards Board William R. Kruesi, Chairman Irvin N. Howell, Jr, Vice Chairman Ivan G. Easton,
4、Secretary William E. Andrus Irving Kolodny William J. Neiswender Jean Jacques Archambault Benjamin J. Leon Gustave Shapiro Dale R. Cochran Anthony C. Lordi Ralph M. Showers Warren E. Cook John P. Markey Robert A. Soderman Louis Costrell Thomas J. Martin Leonard W. Thomas, Sr Jay Forster Donald T. Mi
5、chael Charles L. Wagner Joseph L. Koepfinger Voss A. Moore William T. Wintringhamt William S. Morgan ?Deceased Corrected edition August 30, 1978 Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of ANSI/IEEE C57.106-1977, Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment.) This guide was prepa
6、red by the Subcommittee on Insulating Fluids of the Transformers Com- mittee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society. The membership of this subcommittee was: E. L. Raab, Chairman P. G. Benignus J. E. Dind J. A. Forster M. Frydman D. A. Gillies F. W. Heinrichs C. Keil T. G. Lipscomb Z. Zepic R. I. Low
7、e H. B. Margolis E. L. Morrison V. R. Mulhall R. J. Musil L. L. Preston L. J. Savio T. K. Sloat At the time it approved this standard, C57 had the following membership: H. D. Lewis, Chairman C. R. Wilmore, Secretary Organization Represented Bonneville Power Administration . Electric Light and Power
8、Group. . Furnace Equipment Manufacturers Association. . Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . Naval Facilities Engineering Command . National Electrical Manufacturers Association. . Rural Electrification Administration . Tennessee Valley Authority. . Underwriters Laboratories. . U.S. B
9、ureau of Reclamation . Name of Representative George W. Iliff R. P. Bast I. 0. Berkhan I. H. Koponen J. P. Markey (Ait) P. H. Philippidis B. F. Smith S. Bennon W. P. Burt J. C. Dutton D. C. Johnson (Alt) L. W. Long D. E. Massey Leonard W. Johnson L. C. Aicher W. R. Courtade J. D. Douglass W. C. Kend
10、all H. D. Lewis G. W. Mayall (Alt) W. J. McNutt Norman M. Neagle (Alt) R. L. Schwab R. E. Uptegraff, Jr G. C. Wilburn J. C. Arnold, Jr L. R. Smith W. A. Farquhar (Alt) E. J. Huber R. H. Richardson Contents SECTION PAGE 1 . Introduction . 7 2 . 7 3 . Evaluation of Oil Received in New Equipment . Site
11、 and After Filling Such Apparatus . 3.1 Shipping Containers . 8 3.2 Check Tests on Receipt . 8 Handling of Oil by Customer and Placing Oil in Storage . Handling and Testing of Oil for Installing in Apparatus . 3.5 Watercontent . 9 Dielectric Breakdown Voltage . 11 Check Testing of the Oil Before Ene
12、rgizing the Transformer . 11 Standing Before Energizing . 11 Classification of Service-Aged Insulating Oil . 11 Evaluation of Oil for Use in Filtering Apparatus at the Installation 8 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 Gascontent . 11 3.8 3.9 9 9 4 . 5 . EconomicFactors . 11 6 . Sampling . 12 7 . Oil Tests and their Si
13、gnificance 12 8 . Testing Procedures 15 . . 8.1 Field Screening . 15 8.2 LaboratorJ! Screening . 15 Oil . 16 9.1 Reconditioning . 16 9.2 Reclaiming . 17 9 . Methods of Reconditioning and Reclaiming Service-Aged Insulating . 10 . Addition of Inhibitors 20 11 . Special Considerations 21 . 11.1 Insulat
14、ing Oil for Circuit Breakers . 21 APPENDIX A1 . General . 23 A2 . Transformer Oil Testing of Used Oil 23 A4 . AmountofTesting . 28 . A3 . Circuit Breaker Oil-Testing of Used Oil . 26 FIGURES Fig 1 . Schematic Diagram of Gravity-Percolation Refining Apparatus . 18 Fig 2 . Schematic Diagram of Trisodi
15、um Phosphate/Fullers Earth Refining Apparatus . 19 Test Limits for Insulating Oil Received in New Equipment . 8 Test Limits for Bulk Shipments of Insulating Oil . 9 Test Limits for Insulating Oil During Filling . 10 TABLES Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Test Limits for Insulating Oil After
16、Filling and Recommended Standing Time but Before Energizing . Insulating Oil Tests . 10 12 PAGE Average Reported Values for Continued Use of Transformer Oil . 23 Classification of Service-Aged Transformer Oil . 24 Acceptable Limits for Service-Aged Oil versus Voltage Class . 24 Test Values on New Oi
17、l as Received and on Oil in Equipment Test Limits for Transformer Oil Before and After Reconditioning Field and Laboratory Tests on Circuit Breaker Oil in Service . 26 Field and Laboratory Tests Made on New Circuit Breakers Test Limits for Circuit Breaker Oil Before and After Reconditioning Frequenc
18、y of Test versus Voltage Class Per Cent of Utilities . 24 Prior to Energizing . 25 andReclaiming . 25 Classification of Service-Aged Circuit Breaker Oils . 27 Prior to Energizing . 27 andReclaiming . 27 Reconditioning and Reclaiming of Oil . 28 TABLES Table A1 Table A2 Table A3 Table A4 Table A5 Tab
19、le A6 Table A7 Table A8 Table A9 Table A10 Table All An American National Standard IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment 1. Introduction The reliable performance of oil in an insula- tion system depends upon certain basic oil characteristics which can affect overal
20、l appara- tus characteristics. Such oil characteristics are integral parts of the equipment design for which the manufacturer has final responsibility. The reliable operation of the equipment in service for which the electric power producer has final responsibility also depends on main- taining cert
21、ain basic oil characteristics. Adher- ence to the recommended oil characteristics will assist in obtaining the desired equipment characteristics. Other tests or verification of the integrity of the insulation system are often necessary and required. While design and operating requirements have been
22、adequately met with oils available through 1977, it should be expected that in the ensuing years changes will occur in the ways these liquids are produced and perhaps even in the types of raw crudes from which future oils will be refined. It is not the intent of this guide to suggest or recommend ei
23、ther the crude type, refining methods or design characteristics of oils which are the responsibil- ity of the refiner and equipment manufacturer. Insulating oil contained in equipment such as transformers, circuit-breaking devices, regu- lators, series and shunt reactors, as received from the manufa
24、cturer and as filled at the in- stallation site but prior to service operation, should exhibit certain properties in order to insure satisfactory performance. It is expected that oil contained in equipment as received from the manufacturer when properly sampled from such equipment usually exhibits c
25、harac- teristics slightly different from those obtained from new oil, which has not been in contact with apparatus constructional materials. Additionally, certain essential properties of insulating oil, used in transformers and circuit- breaking devices, must be maintained if the oil is to perform i
26、ts multiple role of electrical- insulating, arc-quenching, and heat-transferring agent reliably. It must have adequate dielectric strength to withstand the electric stresses im- posed in service. It must retain a sufficiently low viscosity so that its ability to circulate and transfer heat is not im
27、paired. It must pourread- ily at low temperatures and have high flash point and fire point for safety. Its dielectric losses should not become excessive. It should not be allowed to become so deteriorated or contaminated that it adversely affects other materials in the apparatus, nor should deterio-
28、 ration products sludge it sufficiently to impair its circulation through cooling ducts. The purpose of this guide is to assist the power equipment operator in evaluating the serviceability of oil received in equipment; oil as received from the refiner for filling new equipment at the installation s
29、ite, and as pro- cessed into such equipment. It also assists the operator in maintaining his oil in serviceable condition. The guide, therefore, recommends standard oil tests and evaluation procedures, methods of reconditioning and reclaiming, the levels at which these become necessary, and the rout
30、ines for restoring oxidation resistance where required by the addition of inhibitors. It is recongized that oil in service may con- tain certain dissolved gases useful in assessing the continued serviceability of certain types of transformers. It is not the intent of this guide to cover this subject
31、. A separate guide treating this subject is being prepared. Should instructions given by the manufac- turer differ from recommendations made in this guide, the manufacturers instructions are to be given preference. 2. Evaluation of Oil Received in New Equipment Some users of power equipment find it
32、desir- able to make field screening tests while others find it more desirable to perform all tests on 7 ANSI/IEEE C57.106-1977 IEEE GUIDE FOR ACCEPTANCE AND MAINTENANCE Table 1 Test Limits for Insulating Oil Received in New Equipment ASTM methods Dielectric breakdown voltage Dielectric breakdown vol
33、tage Neutralization number-mgKOH/g Color Condition - visual Water content, ppm Interfacial tension-dynes/cm (millinewtons/m) Power factor at 25“ C 100C 20 kV minimum 25 kV minimum (30 kV miminum desirable) 30 kV minimum 0.04 maximum 1.0 maximum clear 25 maximum* 20 maximum* 15 maximum 40 minimum 0.0
34、01 (0.1 percent) maximum 0.010 (1.0 percent) maximum 0.015 (1.5 percent) maximum D1816 - 0.040 in gap 34.5 kV class and below above 34.5 kV class D877 D665, D974 D1500 D1524 below 115 kV class 115 kV-230 kV class 345 kV and higher class D1533 D971 D924 above 34.5 kV class 34.5 kV class and below *So
35、me manufacturers recommend maximum water content values as low as 15 ppm for transformers. insulating oil in a laboratory. For those using field screening tests it is quite common to use such tests as dielectric breakdown voltage (most significant), neutralization number, color, and visual condition
36、. Some operators with suitable equipment and trained personnel may wish to gain additional information by use of the interfacial tension test. If water content or power factor results are desired, such tests usu- ally are performed in the laboratory. In sampling oil contained in apparatus care must
37、be used in order to obtain a representa- tive sample. ASTM Method D923l should be followed. Oil exhibiting the characteristics presented in Table 1 is considered acceptable: 3. Evaluation of Oil for Use in Filling Apparatus at the Installation Site and After Filling Such Apparatus Manufacturers inst
38、ructions for field prepara- tion and oil filling vary because of differences in the design of units and individual preference. Some demand more rigorous quality control. The customer and the manufacturer should agree on minimum standards. 3.1 Shipping Containers. Insulating oil is ordi- narily shipp
39、ed in three types of containers: Oil IASTM Methods referred to in this guide are obtain- able at headquarters of the American Society for Test- ing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA. drums, tank trailers, and rail cars, all of which should be clean and dry. Rail cars are usually unde
40、r control of the refiners and restricted to insulating oil shipment, so that they tend to be cleaner. Highway trailers may be used for trans- port of many different chemical products as well as insulating oil; therefore, these trailers are more subject to contamination. Because of this, special clea
41、ning and drying procedures are necessary. Oil drums are the least desirable method of transport but are often used for smaller quan- tities. Oil drums should be stored either verti- cally or on their side with the bungs down to prevent moisture entrance. It is a necessity to check the oil in each individual drum or to pump the oil into a single tank for test before processing . Each tank load or each shipping unit of the oil as received at the customers site should undergo check test to determine whether the integrity of the oil has been impaired during shipment as the result of hand
