1、Designation: C1134 17Standard Test Method forWater Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations FollowingPartial Immersion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the amount of water re-tained (including surface water) by rigid block and boardtherm
3、al insulations used in building construction applicationsafter these materials have been partially immersed in liquidwater for prescribed time intervals under isothermal condi-tions. This test method is intended to be used for the charac-terization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended
4、tosimulate any particular environmental condition potentiallyencountered in building construction applications.1.2 This test method does not address all the possiblemechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenom-ena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to thoseconditions outli
5、ned in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumu-lation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, watervapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling,or a combination of these effects requires different test proce-dures.1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brieffr
6、ee-drainage period. This test method does not address orattempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials.Therefore, results for materials with different internal structureand porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials,are not necessarily directly comparable. Also, test r
7、esults forspecimens of different thickness are not necessarily directlycomparable because of porosity effects. The surface character-istics of a material also affect drainage. It is possible thatspecimens with rough surfaces will retain more surface waterthan specimens with smooth surfaces, and that
8、 surface treat-ment during specimen preparation will affect water intake andretention. Therefore, it is not advisable to directly compareresults for materials with different surface characteristics.1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is smallcompared with the size of the products a
9、ctually installed in thefield. If the surface-to-volume ratios for the test specimens andthe corresponding products are different, it is possible that thetest results will be misleading.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalc
10、onversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, heal
11、th, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internat
12、ional Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation2E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of
13、a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C168 applies to terms used inthis test method.3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 WRSshort-term water retention rating.3.2.2 WRLlong-term water retention rating.4. Significance and Use4.1 Materials less than or equal to 15 m
14、m (0.59 in.) inthickness shall not be tested in accordance with this testmethod in order to avoid complete immersion of the speci-mens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this testmethod.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct
15、 responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on InsulationFinishes and Moisture.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1134 90 (2012)1.DOI: 10.1520/C1134-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websit
16、e, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesT
17、his international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade
18、(TBT) Committee.14.2 This test method is used to assess both the short-termwater retention and the long-term water retention. The short-term water retention is assessed as the average of the waterretained following partial immersion intervals of 0.75-h and3.00-h, in kilograms per square meter (perce
19、nt by volume) (formaterials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). The long-term water retention is assessed as the water retained followinga 168-h partial immersion interval, in kilograms per squaremeter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm(1.00 in.) thickness).4.3 Materials shall
20、 be tested at both actual product thicknessand 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can becut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) without changing theoriginal character of the materials. If a product cannot be cutwithout changing the original character of the material, thecorrespondi
21、ng information shall be provided in the test report.Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wettedspecimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square meter)for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basisof equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) fo
22、rmaterials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness. If a productcannot be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) or if theactual product thickness is less than 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) butgreater than 15 mm (0.59 in.), the product shall only be testedat actual product thickness and results only reported
23、on thebasis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.4.3.1 By reporting results on the basis of equal nominalwetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thick-nesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, thewater intake and retention primarily depends on the nominalwetted surf
24、ace area available for water intake.4.3.2 By reporting results on the basis of equal specimenvolume, specimens can be compared equitably using units thatcommonly are selected to represent results of water intaketesting (percent by volume). For some materials, water intakeand retention primarily depe
25、nds on the volume of the specimenavailable for water intake.4.3.3 In most cases water retention is a secondary perfor-mance characteristic that has an influence on a primaryperformance characteristic, such as thermal performance, sur-face accumulation of moisture (that will potentially contributeto
26、fungal growth), or localized collection of electrolytes (thatwill potentially contribute to corrosion). Depending on theprimary performance characteristic that is of interest, thepreferred units for use in comparing the water retention ofdifferent materials will be either kilograms per square meter
27、orpercent by volume.4.4 Immersion times in addition to those required by thistest method shall be permitted to be selected provided that allparties involved are in agreement.4.5 The water retention characteristics of materials willpotentially be affected by conditions such as elevated tempera-tures
28、or chemical exposures.5. Apparatus5.1 Test ChamberThe test chamber or room where the testis to be run shall be maintained at a temperature of 23 6 2C(73 6 4F) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5%.5.2 Immersion TankThe immersion tank shall consist ofan open tank of sufficient size to accommodate at lea
29、st threespecimens. Included in the construction of the tank shall be ameans for securing the specimens in a level position, that is, anoncorrosive support for the bottom surface of the specimensand a similar constraining device for the top surface. Thesupport and constraining devices shall not conta
30、ct more than15 % of the specimen surfaces. The pressure exerted on thespecimens by the constraining device for the top surface shallbe limited to that required to counteract any buoyant forceexerted by the specimens at the beginning of the test. Theimmersion tank shall be provided with a water overf
31、low level,as shown in Fig. 1.5.3 BalanceThe balance shall have a sensitivity of at least0.1 g. For some measurements, such a sensitivity will be morethan is required, in which case a sensitivity of at least 0.1 % ofthe total mass of the specimen after immersion and theweighing container is acceptabl
32、e. See 7.4.1. To achieve thesesensitivities, it is possible that two different balances will berequired.5.4 Weighing ContainerThe weighing container shall bemade of a nonabsorbent, waterproof, lightweight material andshall be large enough to allow a specimen to be laid flat in thecontainer.5.5 Linea
33、r Measuring InstrumentThe linear measuringinstrument shall be capable of measuring specimen dimensionsto the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).5.6 Distilled or Deionized WaterDistilled or deionizedwater shall be used for testing.5.7 Drainage RackThe drainage rack shall be similar tothat shown in Figs. 2 an
34、d 3.6. Test Specimens6.1 Six test specimens shall be selected randomly from eachsample. Only three specimens are required if the product is(a) Typical dimensions for an immersion tank(b) Typical dimensions for a noncorrosive support for the specimensFIG. 1 Immersion TankC1134 172only to be tested at
35、 the actual product thickness or if the actualproduct thickness is 5.4 mm (21.00 in.). See 4.3.6.2 The test specimens shall be square with a length andwidth of 300 6 10 mm (11.8 6 0.4 in.). The thickness of threeof the specimens shall be the same as that of the product orsample from which the specim
36、ens are taken. The thickness ofthe other three specimens shall be 25.4 6 1.6 mm (1.00 6 0.06in.), provided the material is greater than 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) inthickness. Specimens shall be cut to this size from thicker stockif appropriate. See 4.3.6.3 Specimen Preparation:6.3.1 Materials normally prod
37、uced with natural skins orspecially cut surfaces shall be tested with at least one skin orsurface intact, and that skin or surface shall be placed incontact with the water when the test is conducted. Thecorresponding information shall be provided in the test report.6.3.2 Composite materials normally
38、 produced with facingsor laminates shall be tested either with or without facings, asrequired by the appropriate material specification. The corre-sponding information shall be provided in the test report.6.3.3 Ensure that no indentations are made when handlingspecimens. Any specimens having surface
39、 indentations greaterthan 5.0 mm (0.20 in.) in depth or any specimens damagedduring preparation shall be rejected and replaced by newspecimens prior to testing.7. Procedure7.1 Measure test specimen dimensions (length, l, width, w,and thickness, t) to the nearest 0.2 mm (0.01 in.). Measure boththe le
40、ngth and width at three different locations and thethickness at nine different locations, as shown in Fig. 4. Theaverage of each set of dimensions shall be used to calculate thevolume, V, of the specimen.FIG. 2 Drainage Rack for Three SpecimensFIG. 3 Test Specimen in Drainage RackFIG. 4 Measurement
41、Locations for Determining Test SpecimenDimensionsC1134 1737.2 Record the initial mass of each specimen to the nearest0.1 g, and condition the specimens to constant mass in thelaboratory at a temperature of 23 6 2C (73 6 4F) and arelative humidity of 50 6 5 %.Allow at least 24 h for the initialcondit
42、ioning period and then at least 4 h for each additionalperiod as needed. Continue conditioning until specimens reachconstant mass as indicated by a change in mass of 0.2 g or lessbetween successive weighings. Record the dry mass, M0,ofeach specimen to the nearest 0.1 g.7.3 Using nonabsorbent dummy b
43、locks of the same size asthe test specimens, adjust the support and constraining devicesso that the dummy blocks are horizontal and level. Makecertain that the immersion tank is also level. Adjust the waterlevel in the immersion tank so that it is 10.0 6 1.6 mm (0.396 0.06 in.) above the bottom surf
44、ace of the dummy blocks.Remove the dummy blocks and replace them with the actualtest specimens. If necessary, add water to ensure that thespecimens are immersed to the required depth. If the immer-sion tank is not provided with an automatic adjustment for thewater level, add water at least once duri
45、ng each 24-h period toensure that the specimens are immersed to the required depth.7.4 Remove and weigh the specimens at the following timeintervals: 0.75 6 0.03 h, 3.00 6 0.15 h, and 168 6 4 h. Thesetimes are required. Use longer or intermediate immersion timesas needed to provide more information.
46、7.4.1 Determine the mass of the weighing container to thenearest 0.1 g. Place each specimen on the drainage rack, asshown in Fig. 3. Allow 6.0 6 0.5 min. for the drainage ofwater. Remove each specimen from the drainage rack andplace it in the weighing container with the wet side down.Weigh each spec
47、imen and its container to the nearest 0.1 g orto within 0.1 % of the total mass of the specimen and theweighing container. (Choose the sensitivity that is largest inmagnitude or most convenient to use.) Subtract the mass of theweighing container from the total mass, and record the mass ofeach specim
48、en in grams to the appropriate sensitivity. Datashall be clearly identified by the letter Mtwith the subscriptindicating the immersion time, for example M0.75for the massafter a 0.75-h immersion time. Clean and dry the weighingcontainer if it is going to be reused, and reweigh it beforeproceeding wi
49、th the next specimen.7.4.2 Return the specimens to the immersion tank, makingsure each specimen is placed in the tank with the wet sidedown. Total time elapsed between removal and return of thespecimens shall not be longer than 8 min.7.4.3 Repeat the procedures given in 7.4.1 and 7.4.2 foreach immersion time.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the nominal wetted surface area, A, of eachspecimen from the average dimensions measured in accor-dance with 7.1 and from the depth to which the specimens areimmersed as follows:A 51w!12d l1w!1 000000(1)where:A = nominal wetted sur
