1、Designation: F2912 17Standard Specification forGlazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2912; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers glazing, glazed windows,glazed curtain walls, glazing panels in doors, other glazedprotective system
3、s, and non-attached window retrofit systemsused in buildings that may be subjected to intentional oraccidental explosions.1.2 This specification addresses only glazing, glazingsystems, and glazing retrofit systems. This specification doesnot address the structural integrity and functionality of door
4、assemblies. It assumes that the designer has verified that otherstructural elements have been adequately designed or tested toresist the anticipated airblast loads.1.3 This specification is designed for all glazing, glazingsystems, and glazing retrofit systems including, but not limitedto, those fab
5、ricated from glass, plastic, glass-clad plastics,laminated glass, glass/plastic glazing materials, organic coatedglass (filmed), and non-attached glazing retrofit systems suchas blast curtains, cables, shades, and architectural mesh.1.4 This specification does not determine the assessment ofa facili
6、ty nor acceptable hazard ratings. Threat and riskassessment shall have already been performed and the accept-able hazard rating defined. The hazard rating should be selectedtaking into account the installed position of the glazing.Glazing at higher elevations relative to the floor may requiremore st
7、ringent hazard considerations.1.5 This specification determines the hazard rating associ-ated with blast tested glazing, glazing systems, and non-attached glazing retrofit systems. In addition to glazing frag-ments and system components creating hazards, glazing sliversare also included as part of t
8、he hazard rating. The inclusion ofslivers may cause a worse hazard rating than is predicted whenusing analytical approaches such as presented in PracticeF2248 or in other methods.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. Values given in parentheses are for information only
9、.For conversion of quantities in various systems of measure-ments to SI units, see IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and healt
10、h practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsF1642 Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Sub-ject to Airblast LoadingsF2248 Practice for Specifying an Equivalent 3-Second
11、 Du-ration Design Loading for Blast Resistant Glazing Fabri-cated with Laminated GlassIEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for MetricPractice3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Notincluded in Terminology E631.3.1.1 fragmentparticle of glazing, window component, or
12、retrofit component with a mass equal to or greater than 1.5 g(0.0033 lbm).3.1.2 glazingtransparent materials used for windows,doors, or other panels.3.1.3 glazing dust and sliversparticles of glazing with amass less than 1.5 g (0.0033 lbm).3.1.4 glazing systemthe assembly comprised of theglazing, it
13、s framing system, anchorage devices, attached trim,operators, and any other components that would be used toinstall a complete system or non-attached retrofit system.3.1.5 glazing pulloutdisengagement of the glazing fromthe frame member supporting the glazing.3.1.6 hazard levelrating assigned to the
14、 performance ofthe glazing, glazing system and its components, and non-attached glazing system retrofit system and its components1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 onSecurity Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF12.10 on Systems Prod
15、ucts and Services.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2912 11. DOI:10.1520/F291217.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org
16、. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with interna
17、tionally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1based on the amount and location of integral mater
18、ials expelledfrom the system under specific blast conditions of the test.3.1.7 peak positive pressure (P)the maximum measuredpositive phase airblast pressure, kPa (psi).3.1.8 positive phase impulse (i)the integral, over time, ofthe measured positive phase reflected airblast pressure history,kPa-ms (
19、psi-ms).3.1.8.1 DiscussionThe airblast pressure history, whetherreflected or otherwise, as measured at a point on the surface,consists of two separate phases. The positive phase for highexplosive detonations is characterized by a nearly instanta-neous rise to a maximum pressure followed by an expone
20、ntialdecay to ambient pressure. In the negative phase, whichimmediately follows the positive phase, the pressure decreasesbelow ambient for a period of time before returning to ambient.4. Classification4.1 The classification of airblast resistant glazing is deter-mined by the defined blast load and
21、the performance of theglass or glazing system or glazing retrofit system whensubjected to blast testing in accordance with Test MethodF1642.4.1.1 Hazard LevelsThe hazard levels are identified anddescribed in Table 1. Also, the hazard rating descriptions areshown graphically in Fig. 1 of Test Method
22、F1642.TABLE 1 Hazard Levels and DescriptionsHazard Rating Description Description of Fenestration Glazing Response Hazard LevelNo BreakThe glazing is observed not to fracture and there is no visible damage to theglazing system or glazing retrofit system.H1No HazardThe glazing is observed to fracture
23、 but is fully retained in the facility test frame orglazing system frame and the rear surface (the side opposite the airblast loadedside of the specimen) is unbroken.H1Minimal HazardThe glazing is observed to fracture and the total length of tears in the glazing plusthe total length of glazing pullo
24、ut from the frame is less than 50 % of the glazingsight perimeter. Also, there are three or less perforations or indents anywhere in avertical witness panel located3m(120in.)fromtheinteriorfaceofthespecimenand there are fragments with a total mass of 15 g (0.033 lbm) or less on the floor ofthe witne
25、ss area between 0 to1m(0to40in.)fromtheinteriorfaceofthespecimen and no fragments in the witness area greater than1m(40in.)fromtheinterior face of the specimen.H2Very Low HazardThe glazing is observed to fracture and fragments are located1m(40in.)orlessfrom the original interior surface of the speci
26、men. Also, there are six or lessperforations anywhere in a vertical witness panel located3m(120in.)fromtheinterior face of the specimen and there are fragments with a total mass of 15 g(0.033 lbm) or less on the floor of the witness area between 1 and3m(40and120in.) from the interior face of the spe
27、cimen.H3Low HazardThe glazing is observed to fracture, and fragments generally fall between 1 and 3 m(40 and 120 in.) of the interior face of the specimen. Also there are 25 or lessperforations 50 cm (20 in.) or less above the floor of a vertical witness panellocated3m(120in.)fromtheinteriorfaceofth
28、especimen and 10 or lessperforation high than 50 cm (20 in.) in a vertical witness panel located3m(120in.)from the interior face of the specimen. For perforations in the vertical witness panel,up to 5 of the perforations may penetrate through the full thickness of the foilbacked insulation board lay
29、er of the witness panel as defined in Test MethodF1642.H4Moderate HazardThe glazing is observed to fracture, and fragments generally fall between 1 and 3 m(40 and 120 in.) of the interior face of the specimen with numerous perforations andpenetrations lower than 50 cm (20 in.) in a vertical witness
30、panel located3m(120in.) from the interior face of the specimen. Also there are 25 or less perforations 50cm (20 in.) or higher above the floor of a vertical witness panel located3m(120in.) from the interior face of the specimen. For perforations, in the vertical witnesspanel, up to 5 of the perforat
31、ions may penetrate through the full thickness of the foilbacked insulation board layer of the witness panel as defined in Test MethodF1642.H5High HazardGlazing is observed to fracture and there are more than 25 perforations in the areaof a vertical witness panel located3m(120in.)fromtheinteriorfaceo
32、fthespeci-men and higher than 50 cm (20 in.) above the floor or there are more than 5 perfo-rations in the same witness panel area with fragment penetration through the fullthickness of the foil backed insulation board layer of the witness panel as defined inTest Method F1642.N/AF2912 1724.1.2 Speci
33、ficationSpecification shall take into accountthe specified blast loads as defined by pressure (P) and impulse(i) and the corresponding hazard level (H1 through H5) asdetermined from Table 1.5. Performance Requirements5.1 The performance requirements of glazing or glazingsystems are found in Table 2.
34、5.1.1 Pre-Defined Blast LoadSpecification format forblast loads that are defined with a pressure and impulse valuein Table 2, the following text shall be inserted into the glass andglazing specification or glazing retrofit specification under asecurity glazing header:Glazing system or glazing retrof
35、it system (edit as appropriatefor the project) shall meet a minimum Specification Level(_(insert specification level from Table 2 ex: K3) inaccordance with ASTM F2912.5.1.2 User Defined Blast Load-Specification FormatForblast loads defined by the user, the following text shall beinserted into the gl
36、ass and glazing specification under asecurity glazing header:Glazing system or glazing retrofit system (edit as appropriatefor the project) shall meet a minimum Specification Level(_(insert level Z1 through Z5) with the following blast loads:P(_) kPa (psi), i(_) kPa-ms (psi-ms) in accordancewith AST
37、M F2912.Where:P = indicates blast pressure,kPa = unit of measure or blast pressure (may also beindicated as psi),i = indicates impulse, andkPa-ms = unit of measure for impulse (may also be indicatedas psi-ms)5.1.2.1 User defined blast loads (charge weight and stand-off distance or pressure and impul
38、se) shall be determined by aperson experienced in blast load calculations.6. Systems Rating6.1 For identical test specimens, where three test specimenshave the same rating, the hazard level of the three specimensshall be the rating for the system.6.2 For identical test specimens, where three out of
39、four testspecimens have the same rating, the hazard level of the threespecimens shall be the rating for the system.6.3 For identical test specimens, where two hazard levelsare achieved during three or four tests, and there are not threewith the same rating, then the higher hazard level will becometh
40、e rating for the system.6.4 For identical test specimens, where three hazard levelsare achieved during four tests, then the hazard level will bebased on the three best results and will become the rating forthe system.7. Number of Tests and Retests7.1 A minimum of three identical test specimens repre
41、sen-tative of a glazing or glazing system, or a glazing retrofitsystem, shall be tested at a given level of airblast, defined interms of P and i.7.2 All fenestration units must be supplied to the consumerwith the same components as tested, including but not limitedto the same type and brand of produ
42、ct qualified, the samelaminate construction (glass type, glass thickness, interlayertype, interlayer thickness), the same sealant and gasketmaterial, the same glazing bite. Anchor spacing, material andtype are project specific.7.3 A direct substitution is allowed, after units have beenqualified with
43、out further testing for the following:7.3.1 Overall unit size change up to +10% and -25% in areaand aspect ratio of the original qualified systems.7.3.2 Performance-based coating change or addition (that is,low-e or reflective).7.3.3 Aesthetic change to the glass, film, or interlayer, withno nominal
44、 change to the glazing thickness (that is: color,ceramic frit, decorative).7.3.4 Daylight applied film of increased thickness up to 4mils with no connection to the frame.7.3.5 Adding, removing, or replacing aesthetic features of aglazing system that does not impact mullion strength, glazingbite, gla
45、zing adhesion, and anchoring performance.7.4 One unit must successfully pass Test Method F1642 tothe same loads to allow substitution of any one of thefollowing, any other modifications will require a full design/analysis or a full series of three tests:7.4.1 Glass type change (that is: heat strengt
46、hened toannealed, annealed to heat strengthened)7.4.2 Interlayer brand change with comparable chemical ormechanical properties.7.4.3 Anchored film brand change with comparable chemi-cal or mechanical properties.7.4.4 Sealant brand change with comparable chemical ormechanical properties.7.5 If any tw
47、o or more of the changes requiring a single testare made to a unit, this is considered a new product and fullqualification of three additional units is required.8. Specimen Preparation8.1 Manufacturers installation instructions shall be fol-lowed for qualification testing and not altered for install
48、ationinto the facility unless shown otherwise equivalent by analysis.TABLE 2 Specification LevelsHazard LevelsH1 H2 H3 H4 H5Blast Load (P and i) Specification Levels28 kPa 193 kPa-ms (4 psi 28 psi-ms) A1 A2 A3 A4 A541 kPa 290 kPa-ms (6 psi 42 psi-ms) C1 C2 C3 C4 C569 kPa 614 kPa-ms (10 psi 89 psi-ms
49、) E1 E2 E3 E4 E90 kPa 538 kPa-ms (13 psi 78 psi-ms) F1 F2 F3 F4 F5234 kPa 558 kPa-ms (34 psi 81 psi-ms) J1 J2 J3 J4 J5290 kPa 2055 kPa-ms (42 psi 298 psi-ms) K1 K2 K3 K4 K5827 kPa 1531 kPa-ms (120 psi 222 psi-ms) N1 N2 N3 N4 N5User Defined Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4 Z5F2912 1739. Procedure9.1 Determine the acceptable hazard level for the glazingsystem based on facility evaluation including risk, threat, anddesired protection of assets.9.2 Locate the desired hazard level based on the perfor-mance description given in Table 1.9.3 Select the
