1、Designation: E1583 17Standard Practice forEvaluating Laboratories Engaged in Determination of Leadin Paint, Dust, Airborne Particulates, and Soil Taken Fromand Around Buildings and Related Structures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1583; the number immediately following the desi
2、gnation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the quali
3、fications, including mini-mum requirements for personnel and equipment, duties,responsibilities, and services of laboratories engaged in thedetermination of lead in paint, dust, airborne particulates, andsoil taken from and around buildings and related structures.1.2 This practice has been developed
4、 consistent with GuidesE548 and E994, to supplement ISO/IEC 17025.1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and arenot part of the mandatory requirements of the practice.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres
5、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-i
6、zation established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3335 Test Method for Low Concentrations of Lead,Ca
7、dmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic AbsorptionSpectroscopyD4185 Test Method for Measurement of Metals in Work-place Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectro-photometryD6785 Test Method for Determination of Lead in WorkplaceAir Using Flame or Graphite Furnace Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometryD7035
8、 Test Method for Determination of Metals and Met-alloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D7439 Test Method for Determination of Elements in Air-borne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass SpectrometryE548 Guide for Gen
9、eral Criteria Used for Evaluating Labo-ratory Competence (Withdrawn 2002)3E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE994 Guide for Calibration and Testing Laboratory Accredi-tation Systems General Requirements for Operation andRecognition (Withdrawn 2003)3E1187 Terminology Relating to Conformity Ass
10、essment(Withdrawn 2006)3E1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in BuildingsE1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-trometry (GFAAS) TechniquesE
11、1644 Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust WipeSamples for the Determination of LeadE1645 Practice for Preparation of Dried Paint Samples byHotplate or Microwave Digestion for Subsequent LeadAnalysisE1979 Practice for Ultrasonic Extraction of Paint, Dust,Soil, and Air Samples for Subsequent Deter
12、mination ofLeadE2051 Practice for the Determination of Lead in Paint,Settled Dust, Soil and Air Particulate by Field-PortableElectroanalysis (Withdrawn 2010)3E2708 Terminology for Accreditation and CertificationE2913 Practice for Hotplate Digestion of Lead from Com-posited Wipe Samples1This practice
13、 is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.23 on LeadHazards Associated with Buildings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved
14、in 1993 as E1583-93 which waswithdrawn September 1998 and reinstated in September 2017. DOI: 10.1520/E1583-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the st
15、andards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordanc
16、e with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 8518 Workplac
17、e air - Determination of particulate leadand lead compounds - Flame or electrothermal atomicabsorption spectrometric methodISO 15202-2 Workplace air - Determination of metals andmetalloids in airborne particulate matter by inductivelycoupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry - Part 2:Sample prepar
18、ationISO 15202-3 Workplace air - Determination of metals andmetalloids in airborne particulate matter by inductivelycoupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry - Part 3:AnalysisISO/IEC 17011 Conformity assessment - General require-ments for accreditation bodies accrediting conformityassessment bodie
19、sISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence oftesting and calibration laboratoriesISO 30011 Workplace air - Determination of metals andmetalloids in airborne particulate matter by inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometry2.3 EPA Documents:EPA SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Was
20、te:Physical/Chemical Methods5EPA 600/R-93/200 Standard Operating Procedure for theField Analysis of Lead in Paint, Bulk Dust, and Soil byUltrasonic,Acid Digestion and Colorimetric Measurement2.4 Other Documents:NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), 5th Edi-tion6AOAC Official Methods ofAnalysis
21、ofAOAC International,19th Edition (2012)73. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in thispractice, refer to Terminology E631, or Terminology E1187,orTerminology E1605, or Terminology E2708.3.1.1 accreditation bodyauthoritative body that performsaccreditation. (ISO/IEC 17011)3.1.1
22、.1 DiscussionFor example, an accreditation bodymay be an organization that has demonstrated competency toISO/IEC 17011 and successfully completed the peer evaluationprocess through the International Laboratory AccreditationCooperation (ILAC) recognition process or through an ILACregional cooperation
23、 such as the Inter-American AccreditationCooperation (IACC) and/or Asia Pacific Laboratory Accredi-tation Cooperation (APLAC).3.1.2 management systemthe quality, administrative, andtechnical systems that govern the operations of a laboratory.(ISO/IEC 17025)4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice pr
24、ovides the basic criteria to be used byaccreditation bodies and others in evaluating the qualificationsof laboratories engaged in the testing of lead in paint, dust,airborne particulates, and soil taken from and around buildingsand related structures. The criteria in this practice shall besupplement
25、ed by additional specific criteria and requirements,when appropriate; for example, when necessary to be inaccordance with federal, state, or local government regulations.4.2 The accreditation is for organizations and not individu-als.4.3 The practice is intended to provide objective informa-tion on
26、the capabilities needed by laboratories to determinelead in paint, dust, airborne particulates, and soil taken fromand around buildings and related structures. It is not intendedto be used to compare one laboratory with another.4.4 This practice is also intended for use by laboratories inthe develop
27、ment and implementation of their managementsystems and for use to request or perform an evaluation ofin-house facilities in accordance with this practice.5. Organization5.1 The laboratory shall be legally identifiable. The labora-tory shall be organized and shall operate in such a way that itsfacili
28、ties meet the requirements of this practice.5.2 The laboratory shall meet the following requirements:5.2.1 Have an organizational structure, including a qualityassurance program within their management system, thatenables it to maintain the capability to satisfactorily performtests for the determina
29、tion of lead in paint, dust, airborneparticulates, and soil taken from and around buildings andrelated structures;5.2.2 Be able to demonstrate, on request from the persons ororganizations evaluating the laboratorys competence, that thelaboratory is capable of performing the tests for which thelabora
30、tory is being evaluated;5.2.3 Be organized so that staff members are not subject toundue pressure or inducement that might influence theirjudgment or the results of their work;5.2.4 Be organized in such a way that confidence in itsindependence of judgment and integrity is maintained at alltimes;5.2.
31、5 Be organized in such a way that each staff member isaware of both the extent and limitations of their responsibility;5.2.6 Have a technical manager (however named) who is anemployee of the laboratory, has overall responsibility for thetechnical operations of the laboratory, and has demonstratedcom
32、petence in lead analyses through education or professionalexperience, or both, in order to be able to design andimplement the management system and enable that individualto identify the occurrence of departures from the implementedmanagement system or test procedures, and to initiate actionsto preve
33、nt or minimize departures; and4Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.5Available from US EPA / Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery, 1200Pennsylv
34、ania Ave., NW (5305P), Washington DC 20460, https:/www.epa.gov/hw-sw846.6Available from National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),Patriots Plaza 1, 395 E Street, SW, Suite 9200, Washington, DC 20201, https:/www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam.7Available from AOAC International, 2275 Research
35、Blvd., Suite 300,Rockville, MD 20850-3250, http:/www.aoac.org.E1583 1725.2.7 Have a quality manager (however named) who hasresponsibility for the quality assurance program within themanagement system and its implementation, and who shall befree of any conflict of interest and have direct access to t
36、he topmanagement of the laboratory.NOTE 1In the case of a laboratory with only one employee (thetechnical manager), the position of quality manager may be contractedout.6. Quality Assurance Program6.1 The laboratory shall operate under an internal qualityassurance program within the management syste
37、m appropriateto the determination of lead taken from paint, dust, airborneparticulates, and soil taken from and around buildings andrelated structures. The quality assurance program shall bedesigned to ensure the required degree of precision andaccuracy (or bias) of the laboratorys work and should i
38、ncludekey elements of document control, sample control, datavalidation, and corrective/preventative action. The qualityassurance program shall be documented in a quality manual(however titled) that shall be available for use by laboratorystaff.NOTE 2The quality manual may consist of more than one do
39、cument.6.2 The quality manual shall contain information regardingthe following:6.2.1 The organizational structure of the laboratory whichmay be portrayed by organizational charts;6.2.2 The operational and functional duties and servicespertaining to quality so that concerned persons will know theexte
40、nt and limitations of their responsibility;6.2.3 General quality procedures, including staff training;6.2.4 Specific quality procedures for each test, as appropri-ate;6.2.5 Proficiency testing, use of reference materials for thedetermination of lead, and analytical quality control;6.2.6 Arrangement
41、for feedback and for documentation ofcorrective action whenever testing discrepancies are detected;6.2.7 Procedures for dealing with technical complaints;6.2.8 Arrangements for permitting departures from docu-mented policies or standard test procedures; and6.2.9 Procedures for correcting or amending
42、 original reportsand other related documentation.6.2.9.1 These procedures shall include that corrections bedated, that all entries to hard copy laboratory records shall bemade using indelible ink, and that no correction fluid may beused on original laboratory data records.6.3 The laboratory shall ar
43、range for audits of its activities atappropriate intervals to verify that its operations continue tocomply with the requirements of the quality managementsystem. Such audits shall be performed by trained and qualifiedstaff who are, wherever possible, independent of the activity tobe audited. Where t
44、he audit findings cast doubt on thecorrectness or validity of the laboratorys calibration or testresults, the laboratory shall take immediate corrective actionand shall immediately notify, in writing, any client whose workmay have been affected.6.4 The management system adopted to satisfy the requir
45、e-ments of this practice shall be reviewed periodically bylaboratory management to ensure its continuing suitability andeffectiveness and to introduce any necessary changes or im-provements.6.5 All audit and review findings and any corrective actionsthat arise from them shall be documented. The qual
46、ity managershall ensure that these actions are discharged within theagreed-upon time scale.6.6 The laboratory shall normally perform the lead testingthat it contracts to undertake. If the laboratory subcontracts anypart of the testing, the work shall be placed with anotherlaboratory that has been sh
47、own to meet the requirements of thispractice for the determination of lead in paint, dust, airborneparticulates, and soil taken from and around buildings andrelated structures. The laboratory shall be able to demonstratethat its subcontractors are competent to perform the lead-determination services
48、 and comply with the same criteria ofcompetence and, where applicable, the same regulations as thelaboratory with respect to the work being subcontracted. Thelaboratory shall document and retain details of its investigationof the competence and compliance of its subcontractors.7. Staff7.1 The labora
49、tory shall have sufficient personnel, havingthe necessary education, training, technical knowledge, andexperience for their assigned functions regarding the determi-nation of lead in paint, dust, airborne particulates, and soiltaken from and around buildings and related structures.7.2 The laboratory shall ensure that the training of itspersonnel is kept up-to-date.7.3 Records of relevant education, experience, training,qualifications, analytical proficiencies, and authorizations toperform work of technical personnel shall be maintained by thelaboratory.8. Faciliti
