1、Designation: E3091 17Standard Specification forSystems to Measure Sound Levels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3091; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification is for measurement systems used inmaking sound pressure level measurements in buildings inaccordance with ASTM standards and guides.
3、 Systems formaking sound pressure level measurements in other environ-ments are not addressed in this specification. A future expan-sion of this specification may include these environments. Thesystems addressed include one or more microphones andassociated components to process the output of the mi
4、crophonemeasurement system conforms to a sound level meter specifi-cation it is sufficient to specify the category of precision andaccuracy required by the measurement system and that direc-tion is given in the user manual for proper use. Where thesystem is composed of components, specifications are
5、 givenfor microphone type and orientation, filters and windscreens.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
6、is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization
7、established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C423 Test Method for SoundAbsorption and SoundAbsorp-tion
8、Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodC634 Terminology Relating to Building and EnvironmentalAcousticsE90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of AirborneSound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions andElementsE492 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of ImpactSound Transmission Through
9、 Floor-Ceiling AssembliesUsing the Tapping MachineE1111 Test Method for Measuring the Interzone Attenuationof Open Office ComponentsE1130 Test Method for Objective Measurement of SpeechPrivacy in Open Plan Spaces Using Articulation IndexE2964 Test Method for Measurement of the NormalizedInsertion Lo
10、ss of Doors2.2 Other Standards:3,4ANSI S1.4-2014/Part 1/IEC 61672-1: 2013 Electroacoustics- Sound level meters Part 1: SpecificationsANSI S1.4-2014/Part 3/IEC 61672-3: 2013 Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 3: Periodic testsIEC 61094-4: 1995 Electroacoustics - Measurement Micro-phones Specifi
11、cations for working standard micro-phonesANSI/ASA S1.11-2014/Part 1/IEC 61260-1: 2014 Electroa-coustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters Part 1: SpecificationsANSI S1.40-2006 Specifications and Procedures for SoundCalibratorsIEC 60942:2003 Electroacoustics Sound calibratorsANSI S1.17
12、/Part 1-2004 Microphone Windscreens Part 1:Measurements and Specifications of Insertion Loss in StillAir or Slightly Moving AirNOTE 1ANSI S1.4-2014/Part 1 and Part 3 are nationally adoptedstandards mirroring IEC 61672-1: 2013 and IEC 61672-3: 2013. Thereforeonly the IEC 61672 standards will be refer
13、enced in the rest of thisstandard. ANSI/ASA S1.11-2014/Part 1 is a nationally adopted standardmirroring IEC 61260-1:2014. Therefore only the IEC 61260-1 will bereferenced in the rest of this standard.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 onBuilding and Environmental Aco
14、ustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee E33.05 on Research.Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. DOI: 10.1520/E3091-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A
15、STMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue deVa
16、remb, 1st Floor, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on stan
17、dardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification seeTerminology C63
18、4.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 diffuse field microphone, na microphone which pro-vides its most uniform frequency response for sound equallyincident from all angles, IEC 61094-4 Type D.3.2.2 free-field microphone, na microphone which pro-vides its most uniform frequency r
19、esponse when oriented withthe plane of its diaphragm perpendicular to the direction of thesound, IEC 61094-4 Type F.NOTE 2The complete designation of a working standard microphoneaccording to IEC 61094-4 includes “WS” and a number specifying thediameter for a half inch free-field response microphone
20、 be “WS2F”.3.2.3 frequency response (of microphones), nthe ratio ofthe electrical output of the measurement system to the soundpressure microphone dependent on the angle of incidence.3.2.4 pressure microphone, na microphone which pro-vides its most uniform frequency response when oriented withthe pl
21、ane of its diaphragm parallel to the direction of the sound,IEC 61094-4 Type P.3.2.5 windscreen, na device fitted on to a microphone toreduce the spurious sound pressures generated by turbulent airflowing around the microphone cartridge.4. Significance and Use4.1 Microphones and associated measureme
22、nt systems areused in standard test methods to measure sound pressure levels.4.1.1 Often the measurement system is obtained from themanufacturer as a complete system including subsystemscomprising one or more microphones, signal processingcircuitry, a signal analysis system and display. All of these
23、subsystems are designed to conform to a normative sound levelmeter specification. In such a measurement system:4.1.1.1 The instruction manual shall contain sufficient infor-mation for a user to obtain reproducible sound pressure levelmeasurements in various sound fields and,4.1.1.2 The performance o
24、f the system or sub systems isstraight forward to test.4.1.2 There are other measurement systems that use sophis-ticated multi-channel analyzers, filters and display systems;however these may not be supplied with a specific microphoneso they cannot conform to a normative sound level meterspecificati
25、on. Such a system may be more useful for acousticaltesting than a simpler instrument that is fully compliant to anormative sound level meter specification.4.1.2.1 Even systems that are fully compliant with a norma-tive sound level meter performance specification may havenon-compliant modes of operat
26、ion such as reverberation timemeasurements.4.1.2.2 For these systems or non-compliant modes ofoperation, it is necessary to specify both the filter class and thefrequency response characteristics of the microphone orienta-tion of the microphone with respect to the sound source.4.1.2.3 The performanc
27、e of a non-compliant system may bemore complex to verify because:(1) There may not be a user manual that encompasses theentire system (see Note 3).(2) Microphones may selected by the user rather than themanufacturer.(3) It may not be practical to perform normative periodicperformance tests on certai
28、n features or functions.NOTE 3IEC 61672-3 requires the user manual to be available to acalibration laboratory so that it can perform periodic performance testing.4.2 This specification addresses:4.2.1 Reverberation time measurements in diffuse fields asin Test Method C423.4.2.2 Level differences in
29、diffuse sound fields as in TestMethods E90 and E2964.4.2.3 Level differences in free-field conditions above areflecting plane as in Test Method E1111.4.2.4 Absolute levels in diffuse fields as in Test MethodE492.4.2.5 Absolute levels as in Test Method E1130.4.3 This specification does not address al
30、l situations wheresound pressure levels are measured. These include outdoornoise measurement, intensity measurement and measurementalong surfaces.5. Measurement Systems5.1 The measurement system includes all the componentsnecessary to indicate measured sound pressure levels. Thecomponents may includ
31、e microphones, preamplifiers, cables,processing units, filters, computers, display units, and otherperipheral devices. There are two categories of measurementsystems:NOTE 4IEC 61672-1 defines a system for measuring sound pressurelevels as a “sound level meters”.5.1.1 A measurement system that confor
32、ms a normativesound level meter performance standard shall meet the class 1specifications of IEC 61672-1 and have its performanceverified using a normative standard for periodic testing, that is,IEC 61672-3.5.1.2 The performance of a measurement system that hasnot been designed to conform to the spe
33、cifications of normativestandards shall be tested periodically for class 1 performancecriteria in 5.1.3 and 5.1.4 if frequency weighting is to be used.Strict compliance with the procedures in IEC 61672-3 may notbe possible since the system may not meet all of the specifi-cations in IEC 61672-1. Peri
34、odic testing of performance to asubset of IEC 61672-3 is permissible providing all criterialisted in 5.1.3 are included and if frequency weighting is to beused then the criteria in 5.1.4 are also included.5.1.3 Performance criteria required for measurement ofsound pressure levels in building acousti
35、cs are:5.1.3.1 Indication at the calibration frequency according toIEC 61672-3, Section 10.5.1.3.2 Self-generated noise according to IEC 61672-3,Section 11.5.1.3.3 Electrical signal tests of frequency weightings ac-cording to IEC 61672-3, Section 13.5.1.3.4 Frequency and time weightings at 1kHz acco
36、rding toIEC 61672-3, Section 14.E3091 1725.1.3.5 Level linearity on reference level range according toIEC 61672-3, Section 16.5.1.3.6 Level linearity including the level range controlaccording to IEC 61672-3, Section 17.5.1.3.7 Overload indication according to IEC 61672-3, Sec-tion 20.5.1.4 Acoustic
37、al signal tests of frequency weighting accord-ing to IEC 61672-3, Section 12.5.2 Sound level meters designed to meet legacy perfor-mance standards may be used if it can be demonstrated that forthe frequency bands of interest, for the functions utilized andfor the environmental conditions encountered
38、, the sound levelmeter meets the class 1 specifications of IEC 61672 for thecriteria listed in 5.1.3 and, if frequency weighting is to be used,5.1.4.6. Requirements for measurement systems designed toconform to IEC 61672-16.1 Verify each channel in the measurement system meetsthe class 1 specificati
39、ons of IEC 61672-1. Performance testingmay be the class 1 periodic tests of IEC 61672-3 or anequivalent periodic testing protocol. Testing shall include theperformance criteria listed in 5.1.3, if frequency weighting is tobe used 5.1.4 and any additional performance criteria needed toverify the perf
40、ormance of the system for the type of measure-ments to be performed. Testing with accessories such aswindscreens is not required if the measurement system with theaccessory installed conforms to IEC 61672-1.6.2 If the system is to be used for conducting measurementsof band-limited sound pressure lev
41、els, the system shall includea filter set that conforms to the class 1 specifications of IEC61260.6.3 Measurements shall be conducted in compliance withthe user manual for microphone orientation and the use ofaccessories.7. Requirements for measurement systems not designedto conform to IEC 61672-17.
42、1 The requirements for a measurements system which isnot designed to conform to a normative sound level meterperformance standard may be satisfied by verifying that eachmeasurement channel meets the class 1 criteria in IEC 61672-1for the performance criteria in 5.1.3 and if frequency weightingis to
43、be used 5.1.4, using IEC 61672-3 or an equivalentperiodic testing protocol where the responses of individualcomponents are combined to determine the performance ofeach channel of the overall system.7.2 If the measurement system is to be used for performingmeasurements of band-limited sound pressure
44、levels, the sys-tem shall include a filter set that conforms to the class 1specifications of IEC 61260-1.7.3 If windscreens are employed and either absolute valuesof sound pressure level are being measured, or the windscreensare not identical, the insertion loss of the windscreen(s) mustbe compensat
45、ed for using information supplied by the manu-facturer of the windscreen (see ANSI S1.17/Part 1).7.4 For measurement of reverberation timesMicrophonesmay be type D (Diffuse field), type P (Pressure), or type F(Free-field).7.5 For measurement of differences between sound pressurelevels in spaces desi
46、gned to be diffuse:7.5.1 All microphones must satisfy the requirements of IEC61094-4 for type D (Diffuse field) or the requirements for typeP (Pressure) or if free-field microphones are used, a correctionmust be applied to achieve a similar response. If combinationsof type D and type P are used, cor
47、rections supplied by themanufacturer shall be applied to achieve a similar frequencyresponse (see Appendix X1).7.5.2 If multiple microphones or measurement channels, orboth, are used, each measurement channel shall be excited witha sound level calibrator and adjusted to indicate the levelspecified b
48、y the calibrator for the microphone type (see Note5).7.6 For measurement of differences between sound pressurelevels in spaces designed to be free-field or free-field above areflecting plane:7.6.1 All microphones shall satisfy the requirements of IEC61094-4 for type F (Free-field) microphones or cor
49、rectionssupplied by the manufacturer shall be applied to results fromother types of microphones to achieve a similar frequencyresponse.7.6.2 Microphones shall be oriented with their principalaxes towards the sound source.7.6.3 If multiple microphones or measurement channels, orboth, are used, each measurement channel shall be excited witha sound level calibrator and adjusted to indicate the levelspecified by the calibrator for the microphone type (see Note5).7.7 For measurement of absolute sound pressure levels inspaces designed to be diffuse:7.7.1 All micropho
