1、Designation: G86 17Standard Test Method forDetermining Ignition Sensitivity of Materials to MechanicalImpact in Ambient Liquid Oxygen and Pressurized Liquidand Gaseous Oxygen Environments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G86; the number immediately following the designation indica
2、tes the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2describes test equipment an
3、d tech-niques to determine the impact sensitivity of materials inoxygen under two different conditions: (1) in ambient pressureliquid oxygen (LOX) or (2) under pressure-controlled condi-tions in LOX or gaseous oxygen (GOX). It is applicable tomaterials for use in LOX or GOX systems at pressures from
4、ambient to 68.9 MPa (0 to 10 000 psig). The test methoddescribed herein addresses testing with pure oxygen environ-ments; however, other oxygen-enriched fluids may be substi-tuted throughout this document.1.2 This test method provides a means for ranking nonme-tallic materials as defined in Guide G6
5、3 for use in liquid andgaseous oxygen systems and may not be directly applicable tothe determination of the sensitivity of the materials in anend-use configuration. This test method may be used to providebatch-to batch acceptance data. This test method may providea means for evaluating metallic mate
6、rials in oxygen-enrichedatmospheres also; however, Guide G94 should be consulted forpreferred testing methods.1.3 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concer
7、ns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See also Section 9.1.5 This international standard was developed in
8、accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1
9、 ASTM Standards:3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4080 Specification for Trichloroethylene, Technical andVapor-Degreasing GradeG63 Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxy-gen ServiceG88 Guide for Designing Systems for Oxygen ServiceG93 Practice for Cleaning Methods and Cleanliness Le
10、velsfor Material and Equipment Used in Oxygen-EnrichedEnvironmentsG94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service2.2 Military Document:4MIL-D-16791 Detergent, General Purpose (Liquid, Non-ionic), Type One2.3 American Chemical Society:5Trichloroethylene, Reagent Grade2.4 Compressed Gas Association
11、:6G-4 OxygenG-4.1 Cleaning Equipment for Oxygen ServiceG-4.3 Oxygen, Gaseous, Type I BG-4.3 Oxygen, Liquid, Type II BG-10.1 Nitrogen, Gaseous, Type I BG-10.1 Nitrogen, Liquid, Type II B1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04 onCompatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in O
12、xygen Enriched Atmospheres and isthe direct responsibility of G04.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published February 2018. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as G86 98a(2011). DOI:10.1520/G0086-17.2NASA Handbook 8060.1B, Pressurized Liquid an
13、d Gaseous Oxygen Mechani-cal Impact Test, Sept. 1981, pp. 4-72.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websit
14、e.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.5Available from American Chemical Society (ACS), 1155 Sixteenth Street, NWWashington, DC 20036, http:/www.acs.org.6Available from Compressed Gas
15、 Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5thFloor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http:/.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on stand
16、ardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12.5 NASA Standard:7NSS 1740.15 Safety Standard for Oxygen and OxygenSystems2.6 ASTM Adjun
17、cts:ABMA-Type Impact Tester and Anvil83. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 energy threshold, nthe highest impact energy levelat a given pressure for which the passing criteria have beenmet.3.1.2 GOX, ngaseous oxygen.3.1.3 LOX, nliquid oxygen.3.1.4 mechanical impact,
18、 na blow delivered by a plummetthat has been dropped from a pre-established height onto astriker pin in contact with a sample.3.1.5 reaction, na chemical change or transformation inthe sample initiated by a mechanical impact.3.1.5.1 DiscussionA reaction from ambient pressure,LOX mechanical impact ma
19、y be determined by an audiblereport, an electronically or visually detected flash, obviouscharring of the sample, sample cup assembly, or striker pin.3.1.5.2 DiscussionReactions in pressurized LOX or GOXare typically indicated by an abrupt increase in test sampletemperature, chamber pressure, and li
20、ght levels and may besupplemented by obvious changes in odor, color, or materialappearance as a result of thermal decompositions observedduring examination after the test.3.1.6 pressure threshold, nthe highest pressure at a givenimpact energy level for which the passing criteria have beenmet.4. Summ
21、ary of Test Method4.1 The mechanical impact test system is designed toexpose material samples to mechanical impact in the presenceof liquid or gaseous oxygen at pressures from ambient to 68.9MPa (0 to 10 000 psig). The basic test system configurationconsists of: an electromagnet, a plummet, plummet
22、guidetracks, plummet hold/release mechanism, base plate, anvilplate, a sample cup assembly holder, sample cup assembly, andstriker pin (see Fig. 1). For tests conducted under pressure-controlled conditions, the anvil plate and sample cup assemblyholder are replaced with a test chamber equipped with
23、a strikerpin or striker pin counterloader (see Fig. 2), test chamberpurge, pressurization and vent systems (see Fig. 3), and aplummet catcher (see Fig. 4). The general procedure is toprepare the test sample and record significant pretest data.4.2 Ambient LOX Impact TestThe test conditions (pres-sure
24、 and temperature) are the ambient pressure of the testfacility and the boiling point of LOX at that pressure. Eachsample is placed into a sample cup assembly (see Fig. 5, Fig.11, and Fig. 14), precooled in a sample freezing box (Fig. 6),covered with LOX, and placed in the sample cup assemblyholder s
25、eater in the anvil assembly of the impact tester. Theplummet is dropped from a selected height onto the striker pin,which transmits the energy to the test sample. Observation forany reaction is made and noted. Drop tests are continued usinga fresh sample, sample cup assembly, and striker pin for eac
26、hdrop until the threshold level is determined or the test series iscompleted.NOTE 1When testing samples that are sometimes capable of initiatingfalse reactions with the aluminum cups, use stainless steel disks as falsebottoms in the cups. To minimize interaction, insert disks should be usedbetween a
27、brasive samples and one-piece cups, or sample cup assemblies/holders with a steel base (Fig. 11 and Fig. 14) should be used in place ofaluminum one-piece cups.4.3 For materials tested in pressurized LOX or GOX, eachsample is placed in the test chamber. The test chamber is filledwith liquid or gaseou
28、s oxygen, pressurized to the required testpressure, and the striker pin or striker pin counterloader ispressed down against the top of the test sample. The plummetis dropped from a selected height onto the striker pin or strikerpin counterloader. Instrumentation devices that monitor the testchamber
29、interior for pressure, temperature, and light emissionprovide evidence of test sample reaction. The sample isremoved from the chamber, and the sample is inspected forother evidence of reaction such as odor or charring. Drop tests7Available from NationalAeronautics and SpaceAdminstration (NASA), NASA
30、Headquarters, Suite 1M32, Washington, DC 20546.8Detailed drawings from the ABMA-Type Impact Tester and Anvil RegionAssembly are available at a nominal fee from ASTM International, 100 Barr HarborDr., Philadelphia, PA 19428. Request Adjunct ADJD2512.FIG. 1 Oxygen Impact Test FrameG86172are continued
31、using a fresh sample, sample holder, and strikerpin or striker pin counterloader for each drop, until thethreshold level is determined or the test series is completed.Additional modifications to the above procedure are requiredwhen testing is performed at temperatures above ambient.4.4 This test met
32、hod may be used to determine the impactsensitivity of a material, batch-to-batch acceptance, or tosatisfy other prescribed pass-fail criteria.1 Pneumatic Amplifier Chamber 9 High-Pressure Chamber2 Equalizer Pin Anvil 10 Sample Cup Assembly3 Equalizer Pin 11 Anvil Nut4 Pneumatic Amplifier Diaphragm 1
33、2 High-Pressure Seal5 Pneumatic Amplifier Chamber GN213 Pressurization PortCavity 14 Vent Port6 and 8 Striker Pin 15 Sightglass for Photocell7 High-Pressure SealFIG. 2 Two Types of High-Pressure Test ChambersG861735. Significance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates the relative sensitivity ofmater
34、ials to mechanical impact in ambient pressure liquidoxygen, pressurized liquid oxygen, and pressurized gaseousoxygen.5.2 Any change or variation in test sample configuration,thickness, preparation, or cleanliness may cause a significantchange in impact sensitivity/reaction threshold.5.3 Suggested cr
35、iteria for discontinuing the tests are: (1)occurrence of two reactions in a maximum of 60 samples orless tested at the maximum energy level of 98 J (72 ftlbf) orone reaction in a maximum of 20 samples tested at any otherenergy level for a material that fails; (2) no reactions for 20FIG. 3 Typical Pr
36、essurization Piping system for a LOX/GOX Pressurized Test SystemFIG. 4 Typical Plummet Rebound Limiter AssemblyNOTE 1Break sharp edgesNOTE 2All surfaces to be 0.40 m (16 in.) or smoother.NOTE 3The thickness and parallelity of the cup bottom shall becontrolled to 2.0 mm by coining.NOTE 4Material: Alu
37、minum 5052 temper H32.FIG. 5 LOX Impact Tester One-Piece Sample Cup AssemblyG86174samples tested at the 98-J (72-ftlbf) energy level; or (3) amaximum of one reaction in 60 samples tested at the maximumenergy level.6. Criteria for Acceptance for Ambient LOX andPressurized LOX and GOX Mechanical Impac
38、t Test6.1 To meet the requirements for acceptability, the materialshall show no reaction when being subjected to 20 successiveimpact tests tested at 98 J (72 ftlbf) using the equipmentdescribed in Section 10.6.2 The test may be discontinued and the materials consid-ered to have failed if there is on
39、e reaction in 20 drops at anyenergy level less than 98 J (72 ftlbf).6.3 A material is acceptable after 60 successive impact testswith not more than one reaction at 98 J (72 ftlbf). The test maybe terminated and the material considered to have failed ifthere are two reactions in 60 tests or less at 9
40、8 J (72 ftlbf).6.4 The material shall show none of the following reactionsduring any of the tests.6.4.1 Audible explosion.6.4.2 Flash (electronically or visually detected).6.4.3 Evidence of burning (obvious charring, see Note 2).6.4.4 Major discoloration (as a result of ignition only ratherthan othe
41、r phenomena).6.4.5 A temperature or pressure spike in elevated tempera-ture tests.NOTE 2A burnt odor alone is not considered sufficient proof that areaction has occurred. If a reaction occurs (including those during bounceof plummet), it shall be reported as evidence of sensitivity. Inclusion ofboun
42、ce reactions applies to ambient LOX mechanical impact tests only.6.5 All materials that fail and remain candidates for useshall be subjected to LOX or GOX mechanical impact energythreshold determinations in the thickness of use.FIG. 6 Typical Sample Freezing BoxG861756.6 The material to be tested mu
43、st be traceable back to theoriginal manufacturer and to a specific batch or lot numbers, orboth.6.7 The thickness of the sample shall be the worst-casethickness. While the worst-case thickness has been found tovary from material to material, the general trend has been thatthinner samples of material
44、s are more reactive.6.8 For the ambient LOX impact test, test conditions (pres-sure and temperature) are the ambient pressure of the testfacility and the boiling point of LOX at that pressure. For thepressurized test, test conditions (pressure and temperature)shall be determined for each test accord
45、ing to the requirementsspecified by the requester.6.9 Preparation of the samples for testing involve thefollowing tasks.6.9.1 Receiving the visually inspecting the material,6.9.2 Preparing the sample to the specified dimensions,6.9.3 Cleaning the samples, and6.9.4 Inspecting the samples.7. Sample Pr
46、eparation7.1 Test material requirements and documentation:7.1.1 TraceabilityThe material to be tested may be trace-able back to the original manufacturer and to specific batch orlot numbers, or to both. When received, the test material shouldbe accompanied by proper identification (for example, prod
47、uctdata sheets, batch or lot numbers) identifying the sample,material manufacturer, and appropriate material safety datasheets. It is the responsibility of the procuring authority toidentify material traceability.7.1.2 Usage ConditionsThe worst-case usage thickness,conditions and any cleanliness req
48、uirements shall be identifiedby the procuring authority.7.1.3 Minimum Recommended Material QuantitiesSufficient material shall be available to permit preparation andtesting of 140 separate samples as defined in Table 1.7.2 Test Material Receiving and Sample Processing7.2.1 Receiving and InspectionUp
49、on receipt the testingfacility shall inspect the supplied test material and documen-tation to verify that all requirements of subsection 7.1 havebeen met. The material shall be inspected and any flaws shallbe noted and discussed with the procuring authority.Additionalcleaning procedures shall be implemented if required by theprocuring authority.7.2.2 Preparing Samples to the Proper Dimensions:7.2.2.1 Materials normally used in thicknesses greater than6.35 mm (14 in.) shall be sized and tested as 17.5-mm diameterdisks of 6.35 6 0.13-mm (
