2018北京市高考英语逐题解析.pdf

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1、1 2018 年北京市高考英语 逐题解析 第一 部分:知识运用(共两节, 45 分) 第一节 单项填空(共 15 小题,每小题 1 分,共 15 分) 从每题所给的 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 例 : Its so nice to hear from her again. _, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. Whats more B. Thats to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是 D。 1. - Hi, Im P

2、eter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around. - Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【答案】 C 【翻译】 嗨!我是 Peter。你是新来的么?我之前没见过你。 嗨! Peter。 我是 Bob。 我周一刚来。 【解析】 本题考查时态;句子中的时间状语是 on Monday,但并不知道周一是过去、现在还是将来,所以还是要根据句意去推测表达意图,说话人想说的周一是过去的时间,且表示过去的一个事

3、实结果,所以选择一般过去时态; 故正确答案是 C。 2 2. _ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 【答案】 C 【翻译】 如果我们不制止气候变暖,那 在世界上的 很多动植物都会消失。 【解析】 本题考查状语从句从属连词的选择;根据句意可知是条件状语从句; 故正确答案是 C。 3. _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding e

4、xperience. A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 【答案】 B 【翻译】 沿着丝绸之路旅行是一趟有趣且有意义的经历。 【解析】 本题考查非谓语;非谓语在句中做主语选 doing; 故正确答案是 B。 4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had wor

5、ked 3 【答案】 B 【翻译】 去年我拜访 Susan 的时候,她已经放弃了以前的高薪工作且那时正在社区做志愿者。 【解析】 本题考查时态;空格后有 when 引 导的时间状语从句表示过去,且表示当时正在做这样一份工作; 故正确答案是 B。 5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that 【答案】 A 【翻译】 她们一家平常都骑车去工作,这对她们的健康有帮助。 【解析】 本题考查定语从句;主句完整从句不完整,从句前有逗号,且空格指代她们骑车这件事儿; 故正

6、确答案是 A。 6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared 【答案】 B 【翻译】 中秋节期间,家庭成员们常常聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。 【解析】 本 题考查非谓语动词; to share 表示 gather together 的目的; 故正确答案是 B。 4 7. Chinas high-speed

7、railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 【答案】 B 【翻译】 在过去的几年里,中国高速铁路已经从 9000 公 里增加到了 25000 公里。 【解析】 本题考 查时态 ; in the past few years 是现在完成时的时 间标志词 ; 故正确答案是 B。 8. In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-tr

8、ained agent will get you the help you need. A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed 【答案】 A 【翻译】 在任何不安全的情况下,简单地按动按纽,一个训练有素的工作人员就会带给你所需的帮助 。 【解析】 本 题考查非谓语动词;句中有 and 连接两个句子,所以空格位置需要选择谓语动词 而不是 非谓语,且空格在句首是祈使句 ,所以需要用动词原形; 故正确答案是 A。 5 9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the

9、mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 【答案】 D 【翻译】 援救人员 冒着生命的危险拯救了两个已经困在山中两天的游客。 【解析】 本 题考查时态;困在山中发生在冒生命危险之前,冒生命危险出现了 risked 一般 过去时,困在山中发生在 risked 之前用 过去的过去,应该用过去完成时 且是被动 ; 故正确答案是 D。 10. Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria eff

10、ectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use 【答案】 A 【翻译】 普通的香皂,被正确的使用就可以有效地杀灭细菌。 【解析】 本 题考查非谓语动词;逻辑主语为香皂,和使用之间是被动关系; 故正确答案是 A。 11. Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 6 【答案】 C 【翻译】 没有他的支持,我们不能到达目前的地步。 【解析】 本 题考查名词性从句的表语从句;根据句意选择 where,故正确答案是 C。 12. In today

11、s information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company. A. need B. should C. can D. must 【答案】 C 【翻译】 在当今信息时代,对于一家公司,数据的丢失可能会导致严重的问题。 【解析】 本题考查情态动词; can 表示客观发生的可能性的推测,故正确答案是 C。 13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers. A. drove B. would drive C. wer

12、e to drive D. had driven 【答案】 D 【翻译】 如果当时他们当时再走几公里,那就能找到一个更好的酒店了。 【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气;选项识别考点虚拟语气,空格在从句且说的是过去,所以 用 had done; 故正确答案是 D。 7 14. - Good morning, Mr. Lees office. - Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at 【答案】 A 【翻译】 早上好,这里是 Lee 的办公室。 早上好

13、。我想约下周三下午。 【解析】 本题考查介词; 打电话来的目的是约下周三下午,所以用for; 故正确答案是 A。 15. This is _ my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 【答案】 D 【翻译】 这就是我爸教我的东西 直面困难心怀希望。 【解析】 本题考查名词性从句;主句缺表语不完整,从句缺宾语不完整,主从句都不完整只能选 what; 故正确答案是 D。 8 第二节 完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分,

14、共 30 分) 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Homeless Hero For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source (来源 ) of temptation (诱惑 ). But the _ (16) would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of

15、 this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith _ (17) more remarkable. After spotting a _ (18) on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the _ (19) to return. After hours in the cold and wet, he _ (20) inside and pulled

16、the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact (联系 ) the driver, only to _ (21) it contained 400 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it. He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after _ (22) a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the cars owner John A

17、nderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car which was itself worth 35,000 in Glasgow city centre, they were _ (23) to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet 9 was _ (24). The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for

18、his _ (25). Mr. Anderson said:“I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight _ (26) he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and _ (27) he didnt take the wallet for himself; he thought about others _ (28)

19、. Its unbelievable. It just proves there are _ (29) guys out there.” Mr. Smiths act _ (30) much of the publics attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson _ (31) about the act of kindness on Facebook. Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to _ (32) money for Mr.

20、 Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has shown _ (33) him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; hes had job _ (34) and all sorts,” Mr. Anderson commented. For Mr. Smith, this is a possible lif

21、e-changing _ (35). The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another. 10 16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort 17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once 18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel 19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman 20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached 21. A.

22、 discover B. collect C. check D. believe 22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing 23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked 24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen 25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement 26. A. when B. if C. where D. because 27. A. rather B. yet C. alread

23、y D. just 28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead 29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous 30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew 31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard 32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn 33. A. of B. at C. for D. in 34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications 35. A.

24、 lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge 11 16. 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题是名词题 ; 根据前文 “finding an unattended wallet would be a source of temptation( 诱惑 ) ”, 空格前有定冠词 the, 所以这个名词是特指前文出现的事物 , 且空格后 “would no doubt be greater”。 意思是:在路上发现没人照看的钱包是一种诱惑,如果你是一个缺衣少食的睡大街上的人来说,这是种诱惑就更大了。 urge( 强烈的欲望 ) 与 temptation( 诱惑 )

25、意思相近。 其余选项含义为 : hope(希望), aim( 目标 ), effort( 努力 ); 故正确答案是 C。 17. 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题是副词题 ;“ All of this makes the action of the homeless Tom Smith more remarkable”该副词修饰空格后面的形容词 more remarkable,表示强调,表明这位无家可归的 Tom Smith 的行为更加令人瞩目, even(甚至 ) 。 其余选项含义为 : still(仍然),ever( 曾经,永远 ), once(一次,曾经); 故正确答案是 B。 18. 【答

26、案】 A 【解析】 本题是名词题 ; 根据文章第一句话 “finding an unattended wallet would be a source of temptation”可以发现复现的线索, wallet( 钱包 ) 。 其余选项含义为 : bag( 袋子 ), box(盒子), parcel( 包裹 ); 故正确答案是 A。 12 19. 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题是名词题 ; 根据前文 ,可知流浪汉 Tom Smith 发现一个钱包在一辆未关车窗的车的前座上,他在雨中看守两个小时等待车的主人归来, owner(主人,所有者)。 其余选项含义为 : partner(伙伴,合伙人)

27、, colleague(同事), policeman( 警察 ); 故正确答案是C。 20. 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题是动词题 ; 根据空格所在句 ,在冷雨中等了好几个小时之后,他伸进车里拿出钱包,希望找到身份证信息来联系车主,所以选 reach(伸,延伸)。 其余选项含义为 : turn(转), hide(藏),step(踏,迈步); 故正确答案是 D。 21. 【答案】 A 【解析】 本题是动词题 ; 根据前文 , Tom Smith 拿出钱包想找到车身份证联系车主,结果却发现钱包里有 400 镑纸币还有 50 镑零钱,discover( 发现 ) 。 其余选项含义为 : collec

28、t(收集), check(检查),believe(相信); 故正确答案是 A。 13 22. 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题是动词题 ; 根据空格所在句 ,在他留下一个纸条让车主知道钱包是安全的之后,他拿出钱包去附近的警察局,所以选leaving( 留下 ) 。 其余选项含义为 : taking(带来,拿), reading(读),writing(写); 故正确答案是 B。 23. 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题是形容词题 ; 根据空格所在句,车主和他的同事返回车旁 ,很震惊的发现有两个警察站在车旁, 所以选 shocked(震惊的) 。 其余选项含义为 : satisfied(满意的), exc

29、ited(兴奋的), amused(愉快的,被逗乐的); 故正确答案是 D。 24. 【答案】 A 【解析】 本题是形容词题 ; 根据空格所在句 , 警察告诉车主流浪汉Tom Smith 所作的事情,并告知他钱包是安全的,所以选 safe( 安全的 ) 。 其余选项含义为 : missing(失踪的,缺少的), found(发现,结合前文 was, 被发现), seen(看见,结合前文 was, 被看见);故正确答案是 A。 14 25. 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题是名词题 ; 根据空格所在句 , 车主因为 Tom Smith 的善良而感谢他, 所以选 kindness(善良)。 其余选项含

30、义为 : service(服务), surpport(支持), encouragement(鼓励); 故正确答案是C。 26. 【答案】 A 【解析】 本题 是连词题; 此处 是失主 对于 Smith 拾金不昧的评论 。翻译为 “一考虑 到他本可以偷了钱并且花钱让自己 找个地方 住一晚,但 他 今晚 还是住在了大街上, ” when 在此处 用法为 考虑到、 既然 。 其余选项含义为: if( 如果 ), where(表地点), because( 因为 );故正确答案是 A。 27. 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题 是副词题; 根据 句 意, “这个 男的什么都没有 , 但是他还是没有自己拿走

31、钱包” 。 其余选项含义为 : rather( 相当 ), already( 已经 ), just( 仅仅 ); 故正确答案是 B。 15 28. 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题 是副词题;根据前文可知,这里 前后两句为相反 关系,前文 中说到他没有拿走钱包, 相反的 是他 考虑到 别人。 其余选项含义为 : too( 也 ), though( 然而 ), again( 再一次 ); 故正确答案是 D。 29. 【答案】 A 【解析】 本题 是形容词题;根据文意, Smith 是一个讲究诚信 、 拾金不昧的人 , 所以 Anderson 才会说 这 证明了 世界上 还是有 诚实 的人的。 其余选

32、项含义为 : polite( 礼貌的 ), rich( 富有的 ), generous( 慷慨的 ); 故正确答案是 A。 30. 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题 是动词题; 根据文意 , Smith 的举动 吸引 了公众的注意力, drew much attention。 其余选项含义为 : gave( 给 ), paid( 付款 ), cast( 投掷 ); 故正确答案是 D。 31. 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题 是动词题; 根据文意 , Anderson 将这个善举发布到了网站上 。 其余选项含义为: learned( 学习 ), cared( 关心 ), heard( 听说 );故正确

33、答案是 B。 16 32. 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题 是动词题;根据后文中的内容, Anderson 发起了 筹钱行动 。 其余选项含义为 : borrow( 借 ), save( 节省 ), earn(赚钱);故正确答案是 B。 33. 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题 是 介词 题;根据文 意,人们 对他的信任感动了他 , faith和 in 搭配 ,含义为“对有信心”。 其余选项含义为: of(的 ),at( 在、 朝), for( 为了 );故正确答案是 D。 34. 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题 是 名 词题;根据文意 , 他 有了 工作机会。 其余选项含义为: details( 细

34、节 ), changes( 改变 ), applications( 应用、 申请);故正确答案是 C。 35. 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题 是名词题;根据文意 , 这是一个改变人生的机会 。 其余选项含义为 : lesson( 课程 ), adventure( 冒险 ), challenge( 挑战 ) ; 故正确答案是 C。 17 第二 部分:阅读理解(共两节, 40 分) 第一节 ( 共 15 小题 ; 每小题 2 分 , 共 30 分 ) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A My First Marathon (马拉松

35、 ) A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a soft

36、ball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”. The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the bat

37、tle against my own body and mind. A test of wills! The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces ( 鞋带 ) became untied. So I stopped to readj

38、ust. Not the start I wanted! At mile 3, I passed a sign:“GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!” 18 By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21, I was starving! As I approached mile 23, I could see my w

39、ife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Determin

40、ed to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签 ), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”. 36. A month before the marathon, the author _. A. was well trained B. felt scared C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题考查文章细节 ; 从文章第一段 “Yet, I was determined to go ahe

41、ad” 可知 , 虽然作者受伤了 , 但是最终他仍然决定继续参赛 ; 故正确答案是 C。 19 37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year? A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B. To amuse the readers with a funny story. C. To show he was not talented in sports. D. To share a precious memory. 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题考查文章细节 ; 从文章

42、第二段 “I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I wasnot athletic.” 可知 , 这是在讲 自己7 年级时做得不是很好 , 后来 被老师 认为 不是一个擅长运动的人 , 并且第三段提到老师 这些 话一直影响 着 他 ; 故正确答案是 C。 38. How was the authors first marathon? A. He made it. B. He quit halfway. C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end. 【答案】 A 【解析】 本题

43、考查文章细节 ; 从文章倒数第二段 “I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished.” 可知 , 作者坚持到最后 , 终于做到了 ; 故正确答案是 A。 20 39. What does the story mainly tell us? A. A man owes his success to his family support. B. A winner is one with a great effort of will. C. Failure is the mother of success. D. One is ne

44、ver too old to learn. 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题考查文章主旨 ; 从文章最后一段 “Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels, I can now call myself a marathon winner.”可知 , 作者是一位意志坚定 , 并且不懈努力 , 最终获得成功的胜利者 ; 故正确答案是 B。 21 B Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation (航空 ) Center If youre looking fo

45、r a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a

46、wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom. For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章 ). At Space Cam

47、p, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟 ) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the princi

48、ples of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱 ) of a variety flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of 22 a “downed” pilot. With all the

49、programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task. All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7. Stay an hour or stay a week there is s

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