1、Topic 2 第二讲: Web 2.0 and Beyond Web 2.0 及其他,Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technologies and Research Vanderbilt University http:/staffweb.library.vanderbilt.edu/breeding,Redefining Libraries: Web 2.0 and other Challenges May 2007 Xiamen, China,Web 2.0 and Beyond,How to incorporate compute
2、r based resources and new technology in library services.如何整合以计算机为基础的资源及图书馆服务中的新技术。 This section will include a discussion of how libraries can take advantage of some of the Web 2.0 technologies such as blogs, wikis and other social software to enhance the services they deliver to their user. 本部份所讨论
3、的包括图书馆如何利用 web 2.0 技术，如网志，维基百科及其它软件来提高图书馆的服务。,Evolution and advancement 进化与进步,Technology 科技 Society 社会 Generational shifts 世代轮替 Boomer gen X Millennials原子弹新生代 X 新生代 千禧新生代,Heightened User Expectations 提高读者的期望,Library users come with expectations set by their experiences of the Web 由于图书馆读者拥有网络经验而对图书馆的
4、服务抱有期望 Conventions for navigating and exploring Web-based resources well established 以常用的手法来检索网络上的信息已十分完备 Dealing with large and complex bodies of information nothing new to incoming library users. 新的图书馆读者对应付既复杂及庞大的信息一点也不觉新奇 Sophisticated Web skills 复杂的网络技术 Low tolerance for clunky and ineffective W
5、eb sites 没法容忍低效率的网站 Confident in their ability reluctant to ask for help20 相信个人的能力 拒绝求助,Problems with the Status Quo 当前的难题,A look and feel that may not meet the expectations of the current generation of Web-savvy users. 只是看看并不能满足这机智的网络一代 The conventional library environment requires users to interac
6、t with many different interfaces, and search many different resources. 传统的图书馆环境要求读者面对不同的接口及不同的信息 Overly complex 过份复杂 Not always intuitive 并不是经常可以凭直觉得知 Users have to go to different places to find different kinds of information on a given topic: Library OPAC for books, Article and E-journal locators
7、for articles.读者要到不同的地方找不同的信息: 利用图书馆目录检索图书、文章, 电子期刊检索器检索文章,An urgent need 急切需要,Baby boomers and Gen Xrs are happier with traditional forms of content and existing modes of service 原子弹世代及 X 世代的孩子满足于传统服务的形式及内容 Millennials will move on to non-library provided information sources and services if not read
8、ily satisfied 千禧世代者一旦发觉传统不足, 便会转移至非图书馆服务所提供的信息 There is a lot at stake for the future of libraries in adapting to generational transitions. 图书馆将要准备更多来迎接未来的一代 Web 2.0 provides a metaphor and model for adapting library services to todays Web-savvy users. Web 2.0 既隐喻未来, 也提供了一个模式供今天的图书馆服务作为参考,Web 1.0,St
9、atic Web 静态的网络 Information silos 地窖式的信息 One-way communication单一的沟通,Web 2.0,Coined by ORielly Media in 2004 2004年由ORielly开始使用这个名词 Web + Social Computing 网络 + 社会计算机 Dynamic Content 动态内容 Highly interactive 高度互动 Collaborative 协作的 Focus on the user 以读者为本 Focus on communities 以小区为本,Web 2.0 examples 例子,RSS
10、 delivery of content RSS 内容发放 Blogs Web logs + comments 网志 网络 + 评论 Wikis content created in community 维基 内容在小区内建立 Instant Messaging, SMS 直接的信息, SMS Voice over IP Skype 透过IP来传送声音 Skype Podcasting 播客 Vlogs 视频博客,Web 2.0 supporting technologies 支持技术,Web services 网络服务 XML APIs AJAX (asynchronous JavaScri
11、pt and XML) Microformats OpenSearch vs SRU/SRW开放式检索 vs SRU/SRW,Web 2.0 media 媒体,Rich media beyond text 丰富的媒体 超越文本 Music and audio 音乐与声音 Well experienced: File swapping, p2p, iPod, MP3富经验的。档案互换，p2p, iPod, MP3 Video 影像 Recreational and academic 娱乐与学术 : , yahoo! Video, bittorrent Opportunities to remi
12、x. Usually recreational, but explore ways to tap this interest with an academic slant. 可以重新混合。常用作娱乐，但也常发掘更多方法以配合个人的兴趣，且也偏向学术的。,The sprit of Web 2.0 Web 2.0 的骨干,YouTube Facebook MySpace Flickr,Web 3.0,Web 2.0 + artificial intelligenceWeb 2.0 + 人工智能 Semantic Web 语义式网络 Web 2.0 + enterprise computingWeb
13、 2.0 + 企业计算机,Library 2.0 图书馆 2.0,First mentioned by Michael Casey由 Michael Casey 率先提出 Web 2.0 + Library = Library 2.0Web 2.0 + 图书馆 = 图书馆 2.0 Apply Web 2.0 concepts to library applications在图书馆中应用 Web 2.0 的概念,Examples 例子,Library Blogs 图书馆网志 New book lists through RSS 利用RSS发布新增馆藏 Wikis 维基 Intranets for
14、 staff documentation 建立内联网来收集员工文档 Collaborative resources for library users为读者共建资源 Enriched library catalogs 丰富图书馆目录 User participation in library resources 读者参与建立图书馆资源 User tagging in catalog 读者在图书馆加入卷标 Reviews 评论 Ratings 评级,Evolution 进化,The Web has been evolving since its very beginning 网络一开始便在进化中
15、 Web 2.0 didnt happen all at onceWeb 2.0 并不是立刻全面发生的 Many of the concepts behind Web 2.0 trace back to its inception许多 Web 2.0 背后的概念是来自它创造之时 Eg: Amazon embraced user participation, open APIs, etc long before Web 2.0 brand. 例如：亚玛逊 (Amazon) 鼓励读者参与， open APIs, 等，较 Web 2.0 出现更早 Evolution and maturation o
16、f Web technologies continues 网络技术一直在进化与步向成熟,Caveats 忠告,Apply when appropriate 适当地应用 Not a plateau 并不稳定 Evolution continues 进化延续 Web 2.0 can create isolated silos of information Web 2.0 会制造被遗弃的地窖式信息 Must evolve into an organized fabric of interrelated Web services. 必须进化成有组织的、互相依存的网络服务 Too many dead b
17、logs and wikis already 太多已中断的网志及维基已存在,Web 2.0 a good start Web 2.0是好的开始,A more social and collaborative approach倾向社会的和协作的 Web Tools and technology that foster collaboration 网络工具及技术加速协作 Blogs, wiki, blogs, tagging, social bookmarking, user rating, user reviews网志、维基、博客、加入卷标、社会卷标、读者评级、读者评论,Interface ex
18、pectations 要求的介面,Increasingly library users are well acclimated to current Web technologies and like it.愈来愈多的读者既适应也喜爱现在的网络技术 Used to relevancy ranking 常与评级相关 The “good stuff” should be listed first “好东西” 应列在最前 Users tend not to delve deep into a result list读者倾向不会深入结果中寻找 Good relevancy requires a sop
19、histicated approach, including objective matching criteria supplemented by popularity and relatedness factors.要获取既准确又相关的信息需要从精细的角度考虑，包括客观的配对标准，辅以其流行及相关的因素,Interface expectations (cont)要求的介面 (继续 ),Very rapid response. Users have a low tolerance for slow systems 迅速的响应。读者没法忍受反应慢的系统 Rich visual informat
20、ion: book jacket images, rating scores, etc. 丰富的视觉信息：封套书影、评级 Let users drill down through the result set incrementally narrowing the field 容许读者在检得的结果下增加限制条件，以准确地获取信息 Faceted Browsing 小规模的浏览 Drill-down vs up-front Boolean or “Advanced Search”逐层细分 vs up-front Boolean 或 “高阶检索” gives the users clues abo
21、ut the number of hits in each sub topic. 提示读者所检索的子目下命中信息的数目 Navigational Bread crumbs 导航式的 Ratings and rankings 评级及等级,Group Exercise 小组研习,How might your library incorporate Web 2.0 components into 2 of its existing services? What new services might you introduce utilizing this technology? How would you go about introducing these? Do you have staff with the available skills? 贵馆如何能将Web2.0的元素加进二项现有的服务? 你可推介甚么可运用这种技术的新服务? 你怎样推出这些服务? 你的员工有这种技巧吗?,
