1、BS ISO 6814:2009 ICS 01.040.65; 65.060.80 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Machinery for forestry Mobile and self- propelled machinery Terms, definitions and classificationThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards
2、Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2009 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 62591 6 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments BS ISO 6814:2009 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 6814:2009. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Tech
3、nical Committee AGE/29, Forestry machinery. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a
4、 British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS ISO 6814:2009Reference number ISO 6814:2009(E) ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6814 Third edition 2009-05-15 Machinery for forestry Mobile and self-propelled machinery Terms, definitions and classification Matriel forestier Machin
5、es mobiles et automotrices Termes, dfinitions et classification BS ISO 6814:2009 ISO 6814:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedde
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9、g photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published
10、in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 6814:2009 ISO 6814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards
11、is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take pa
12、rt in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to
13、prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility th
14、at some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 6814 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, Subcommittee SC 15, Machinery fo
15、r forestry. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6814:2000), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 6814:2009BS ISO 6814:2009 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Machinery for forestry Mobile and self-propelled machinery Terms, definit
16、ions and classification 1 Scope This International Standard defines terms corresponding to, and gives guidance for the classification of, mobile and self-propelled machinery used in forestry and related operations. Both the definitions and the classification have been determined according to the end
17、 use of the machines as intended by the manufacturer. The terms and definitions do not cover all possible forestry and related operations or machinery, nor do they describe specific machines, but are given as an aid to nomenclature. This International Standard is applicable to machines designed for
18、use in forestry for site preparation, planting, harvesting, processing, and the transport of wood and wood fibre. It is not applicable to machines designed to be used exclusively in sawmills or wood yards, to on-highway transport vehicles, or to aerial vehicles. 2 Terms and definitions For the purpo
19、ses of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 Site preparation, planting and maintenance operations 2.1.1 ground preparation bedding preparation of the soil surface to provide a location for planting 2.1.2 chopping breaking down material into shorter pieces 2.1.3 cleaning sele
20、ctive removal of unwanted shrubs and trees without use of the wood 2.1.4 clearing removing unwanted residues (logging waste), shrubs, trees and stumps 2.1.5 grubbing removing trees and stumps from an area by severing below the ground surface, lifting, and pushing into piles 2.1.6 mulching reduction
21、of trees, brush or parts of trees on site with a grinding or shredding action, leaving the resulting material on the forest floor BS ISO 6814:2009 ISO 6814:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved2.1.7 planting putting trees or seedlings into the ground at their growing positions 2.1.8 ploughing shear
22、ing and turning mineral soil with a linear motion 2.1.9 pruning removal of live or dead branches or of multiple leaders of shoots from standing trees 2.1.10 raking moving loose material using a toothed or comb-like device 2.1.11 scarifying preparing the ground surface for planting or regeneration by
23、 lightly cultivating the surface 2.2 Forest harvesting operations 2.2.1 bunching gathering and arranging trees or parts of trees in bunches 2.2.2 bundling baling collecting trees or parts of trees and compressing and binding them into a denser form 2.2.3 cable yarding transporting trees or parts of
24、trees by means of a cable system partially or fully elevated above the forest floor 2.2.4 chipping breaking down/slicing trees into small pieces of specified dimensions 2.2.5 crushing reduction of trees or parts of trees by compression or impacting 2.2.6 debarking removing bark from trees or parts o
25、f trees 2.2.7 delimbing removing branches from trees or parts of trees 2.2.8 felling severing trees from the stump 2.2.9 forwarding transporting trees or parts of trees by carrying them BS ISO 6814:2009 ISO 6814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 32.2.10 grinding reduction of trees, brush or parts
26、 of trees by tearing, shredding, impacting or shearing to a uniform particle size 2.2.11 harvesting felling combined with other processing functions 2.2.12 loading picking up trees or parts of trees from the ground, or from a vehicle, and piling them on a vehicle 2.2.13 stacking depositing trees or
27、parts of trees in orderly piles 2.2.14 processing function or combination of functions other than felling that change the form of the material 2.2.15 skidding transporting trees or parts of trees by trailing or dragging 2.2.16 cross-cutting cutting felled or uprooted trees or parts of trees into len
28、gths 2.2.16.1 slashing cross-cutting to approximate lengths 2.2.16.2 bucking cross-cutting to measured lengths 2.2.17 sorting separating trees or parts of trees into groups based on particular attributes 2.2.18 splitting dividing trees or parts of trees longitudinally into pieces 2.2.19 thinning sel
29、ective felling in immature stands to promote the growth or condition of the remaining trees 2.2.20 topping cutting off the tops of trees at a predetermined point 2.2.21 uprooting removal of trees, complete with root ball, by severing or breaking roots below the soil surface BS ISO 6814:2009 ISO 6814
30、:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserved2.3 Forestry machinery 2.3.1 Single-function machines 2.3.1.1 bundler machine designed to collect trees or parts of trees, compact the collected material and bind it together to create a denser collection of material 2.3.1.2 cable yarder machine designed to pro
31、vide the power to transport trees or parts of trees by means of a cable system, usually with the use of a tower that may be integral to the machine or a separate structure 2.3.1.3 chipper machine designed to chip whole trees or parts of trees 2.3.1.4 cleaner machine designed to selectively remove un
32、wanted shrubs and trees 2.3.1.5 crusher machine designed to reduce trees or parts of trees by rolling or impacting 2.3.1.6 debarker machine designed to remove the bark from trees or parts of trees 2.3.1.7 delimber machine designed to remove limbs from trees or parts of trees 2.3.1.8 feller self-prop
33、elled machine designed to fell standing trees 2.3.1.9 forwarder self-propelled machine designed to move trees or parts of trees by carrying them 2.3.1.10 grinder self-propelled or portable machine designed to reduce trees, brush or parts of trees by tearing, shredding, impacting or shearing to a uni
34、form particle size 2.3.1.11 log loader machine designed to pick up and discharge trees or parts of trees for the purpose of stacking or loading 2.3.1.12 mulcher self-propelled machine designed for on-site reduction of standing or downed trees, brush, or parts of trees through a grinding or shredding
35、 action into coarse residue that is left on the forest floor 2.3.1.13 regeneration equipment machines used in reforestation BS ISO 6814:2009 ISO 6814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 52.3.1.14 site preparation equipment machines used to prepare forest sites for planting or seeding 2.3.1.15 skidd
36、er self-propelled machine designed to transport trees or parts of trees by trailing or dragging 2.3.1.16 slasher machine designed to cut felled trees into separate parts without measurement for length 2.3.2 Multi-function machines 2.3.2.1 delimber-buncher machine designed to delimb trees and arrange
37、 logs in bunches 2.3.2.2 feller-buncher self-propelled machine designed to fell standing trees and arrange them in bunches 2.3.2.3 feller-forwarder self-propelled, self-loading machine designed to fell standing trees and transport them by carrying 2.3.2.4 feller-skidder self-propelled, self-loading
38、machine designed to fell standing trees and transport them by skidding 2.3.2.5 harvester self-propelled machine that combines felling with other processing functions 2.3.2.6 harwarder self-propelled machine that combines felling with other processing functions and forwarding 2.3.2.7 processor machin
39、e that does not fell trees but which performs two or more subsequent functions that change the form of the material 3 Classification guidelines 3.1 Classification by general technical concept 3.1.1 General The following common criteria should be used to classify forestry machines, each according to
40、its general technical concept. The examples given do not include all possible classifications of machines. Only those subclassifications necessary for identifying machines in their context of use need be listed, e.g. wheeled grapple skidder or tracked swing-to-load knuckleboom log loader. BS ISO 681
41、4:2009 ISO 6814:2009(E) 6 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.1.2 Mobility method Classification may be by type of system for providing motion, which might or might not be self-propelled. EXAMPLE Tracked system, wheeled system, towed system. 3.1.3 Mode of operation Classification may be by the basic conce
42、pt used to perform the function. EXAMPLE Grapple, single-grip, shear, swing-to-load. 3.1.4 Harvesting system Classification may be by the type of harvesting system for which the machine is designed. EXAMPLE Shortwood, tree-length, whole-tree, chips. 3.1.5 Type of steering Classification may be by th
43、e type of system used to steer the machine. EXAMPLE Front- or rear-steer axle, articulated frame, skid. 3.2 Classification by function 3.2.1 General The following criteria should be used to classify forestry machines according to their machine-specific functions or by the combinations of functions t
44、hat they perform (e.g. skidder). Further classification could be required in order to differentiate between machines with basic conceptual differences that affect recognition or performance but which perform the same basic function(s) (e.g. cable skidder, grapple skidder). 3.2.2 Fellers Fellers shou
45、ld be classified according to their cutting means. EXAMPLE Shear feller, chain-saw feller, circular saw feller. 3.2.3 Log loaders Log loaders should be classified according to their system of loading and configuration. EXAMPLE Knuckleboom loader, cable loader, front end loader. 3.2.4 Regeneration eq
46、uipment Regeneration equipment should be classified according to its mode of operation. EXAMPLE Hand planting equipment, machine planting equipment, direct seeding equipment. 3.2.5 Skidders Skidders should be classified according to their skidding/tree holding system. EXAMPLE Cable skidder, grapple
47、skidder, clam bunk skidder. BS ISO 6814:2009 ISO 6814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 73.2.6 Slashers (bucker, crosscutter) Slashers should be classified according to their cutting means. EXAMPLE Shear slasher, chain-saw slasher, circular saw slasher. 3.2.7 Site preparation equipment Site prepa
48、ration equipment should be classified according to its own type of equipment. EXAMPLE Scarifiers, rippers, brushland disks, forest ploughs, trenchers, mounders, bedding harrows. 3.2.8 Feller-bunchers Feller-bunchers should be classified according to their manner of approaching the tree. EXAMPLE Trav
49、el-to-tree, swing-to-tree. 3.2.9 Processors Processors should be classified according to the type and sequence of operations they perform. EXAMPLE Delimber-debarker, delimber-debarker-chipper, delimber-slasher (bucker, crosscutter), delimber-slasher (bucker, crosscutter)-buncher. 3.2.10 Harvesters 3.2.10.1 Basic concept Harvesters should be classified according to the basic concepts used for handling the tree for felling and processing. EXAMPLE One-grip (single-grip) harvester, two-grip harvester. 3.2.10.2 Combination of felling
