1、Petroleum and related products Temperature and pressure volume correction factors (petroleum measurement tables) and standard reference conditions BS ISO 91:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017 Petroleum and related products Temperature and
2、 pressure volume correction factors (petroleum measurement tables) and standard reference conditions Ptrole et produits connexes Facteurs de correction de volume par rapport la temprature et la pression (tables de mesure du ptrole) et conditions de rfrence standard INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 91 Firs
3、t edition 2017-05 Reference number ISO 91:2017(E) National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 91:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 5024:1999, BS 7340:1999 (dual numbered as ISO 9770:1989) and BS 6441:1993 (dual numbered as ISO 91-1:1992), which are withdrawn. The UK participatio
4、n in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/12, Petroleum Measurement and Sampling. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are
5、responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 85353 1 ICS 75.180.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of th
6、e Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 91:2017 ISO 2017 Petroleum and related products Temperature and pressure volume correction factors (petroleum measurement tables) and standard referenc
7、e conditions Ptrole et produits connexes Facteurs de correction de volume par rapport la temprature et la pression (tables de mesure du ptrole) et conditions de rfrence standard INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 91 First edition 2017-05 Reference number ISO 91:2017(E) BS ISO 91:2017 ISO 91:2017(E)ii ISO 20
8、17 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the
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10、09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org BS ISO 91:2017 ISO 91:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any m
11、eans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 C
12、H-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgISO 91:2017(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 2 3 T erms and definitions . 2 4 Sources and usage guidelines for volume correction factors 2 4.1 Source of volume co
13、rrection factors . 2 4.2 Usage guidelines 3 Annex A (informative) Changes to previous standards . 5 Annex B (normative) Standard reference conditions . 7 Annex C (informative) Titles of petroleum measurement tables given in the API-ASTM-IP- GPA standards for volume correction factors. 8 Annex D (inf
14、ormative) Other volume corrections factors standards 14 Bibliography .15 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page BS ISO 91:2017 ISO 91:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
15、 of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmen
16、tal, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the
17、 ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the po
18、ssibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list
19、 of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions rel
20、ated to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html. This document was prepared by Technical committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum produ
21、cts and lubricants, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement of petroleum and related products. This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 91-1:1992, ISO 91-2:1991, ISO 9770:1989, and ISO 5024:1999, which have been technically revised.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved BS ISO 91:2017 ISO 91:2017(E) Foreword ISO
22、 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical com
23、mittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrot
24、echnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was draf
25、ted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
26、 rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
27、 constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TB
28、T) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html. This document was prepared by Technical committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement of petroleum and related products. This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 91-1:1992, ISO 91-2:1991, ISO 97
29、70:1989, and ISO 5024:1999, which have been technically revised.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 91:2017(E) Introduction Custody transfer of crude petroleum and its products are generally transacted in volumetric quantities. Since crude oils and petroleum products have relatively high coefficient
30、s of thermal expansion and compressibility, volumes are corrected to standard conditions of temperature and pressure in order to provide a meaningful and consistent basis for measurement. The definition of standard reference conditions is therefore of fundamental importance in measurement, calculati
31、on and accounting of petroleum quantities. Volume correction factors are used to account for the thermal expansion of liquid hydrocarbons and convert observed volumes to volumes at standard temperature and pressure. Tables of volume correction factors were originally developed by collecting empirica
32、l data relating to the volumetric change of hydrocarbons over a range of temperatures and pressures. Cooperative international work on volume correction factors dates from 1932. The temperature volume correction factor tables (petroleum measurement tables) referenced in ISO Recommendation (R) 91:195
33、9 1were developed during the late 1940s and published jointly by the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) in 1952 and the Institute of Petroleum (IP) (metric edition) in 1953 9 . These tables corrected to standard temperatures of 15 C and 60 F only, and were based on data for crude petroleum
34、 and petroleum fractions published in 1916 by the (United States) National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and some later data on natural gasoline reported in 1942. These 1952 tables were referenced in API/Standard 2540- 1966 10(also designated ASTM D1250-56). A few amendments to ISO/R 91 resulted in the
35、publication of a second edition in 1970 2 . ISO/R 91:1970/Amd 1:1975 3was published in 1975 for tables based on a reference temperature of 20 C. In the early 1970s, it was demonstrated that the previously published tables were not satisfactorily applicable to many crude oils of current economic impo
36、rtance. A revised standard was published in 1980 by the American Petroleum Institute as the API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 11.1 (also designated API/Standard 2540, ASTM D1250-80 and IP 200/80) following the development of a new database by API in cooperation with the US
37、 NBS. This study included the examination of 463 samples of crude oil and refined products. The crude oil samples represented 67 % of world production in 1974. The 1980 standard also constituted a major conceptual departure from previous versions in the recognition of the use of computers in the pet
38、roleum industry. The actual standard represented by API MPMS Chapter 11.1-1980/ASTM D1250-80/IP 200/80 was neither the hardcopy printed tables nor the set of equations used to represent the density data, but was an explicit implementation procedure used to develop computer subroutines. The standardi
39、zation of an implementation procedure implied the standardization of the set of mathematical expressions, including calculational sequence and round-off procedures, used within the computer code. Adherence to the procedures given in API MPMS Chapter 11.1-1980/ASTM D1250-80/IP 200/80 was an attempt t
40、o ensure that all computers and computer codes meeting the stated specifications and restrictions would be able to produce identical results. Hence, the published implementation procedures were the primary standard, the distributed subroutines the secondary standard, and the published tables produce
41、d for convenience. API MPMS Chapter 11.1-1980/ASTM D1250-80/IP 200/80 was referenced in ISO 91-1:1982 4 . Corrections to the 1980 standard were listed in ISO 91-1:1992 5 . Computer implementation procedures developed by the IP for corrections to 20 C were published in 1988. These implementation proc
42、edures were prepared as standard procedures to enable users to produce their own computer programmes either for the generation of 20 C tables or for use in calculations without the generation of tables. IP Petroleum Measurement Paper No. 3 8was referenced in ISO 91-2:1991 6 , superseding Addendum 1:
43、1975 to ISO/R 91. Compressibility factors for hydrocarbons in the 0 to 100 API gravity range were developed in 1945 and published in 1960 as API/Standard 1101 12 , Appendix B, Table II. This table was superseded by API MPMS Chapters 11.2.1 13and 11.2.1M 14published in 1984. API MPMS Chapter 11.2.1M-
44、1984 was adopted by ISO/TC 28 and published as ISO 9770:1989 13 . Compressibility factors for hydrocarbons in the 0,500 to 0,611 relative density range and 20 F to 128 F were published in 1984 as API MPMS Chapter 11.2.2 15 . A second edition of API MPMS Chapter 11.2.2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved v
45、BS ISO 91:2017 ISO 91:2017(E) was published in 1986 with an expanded relative density range of 0,350 to 0,637. A metric version of this standard (350 kg/m 3to 637 kg/m 3range) was also published in 1986 as API MPMS Chapter 11.2.2M. Unlike the 1980 temperature correction factor tables (API MPMS Chapt
46、er 11.1-1980), the compressibility table values given in API MPMS Chapters 11.2.1 and 11.2.2 were the standard, not the implementation procedure for the underlying equations. In 2004, a revision to API MPMS Chapter 11.1 (also designated as an adjunct to ASTM D1250-04 and IP 200/04) was published and
47、 established procedures for generalized crude oils, liquid refined products, lubricating oils and individual and special applications, by which volume measurements taken at any temperature and pressure (within the range of the standard) can be corrected to an equivalent volume at 15 C, 60 F or 20 C
48、(or other reference temperature) and standard pressure, by use of a correction factor for temperature and pressure of the liquid (CTPL). API MPMS Chapter 11.1-2004/Adjunct to ASTM D1250-04/Adjunct to IP 200/04 superseded API MPMS Chapters 11.1-1980, 11.2.1-1984 and 11.2.1M-1984. In 2007, Addendum 1
49、to API MPMS Chapter 11.1-2004/Adjunct to ASTM D1250-04/Adjunct to IP 200/04 was published in order to include some minor updates to the standard. Previously, most natural gas liquid (NGL) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) temperature correction factors were obtained from a variety of sources. ASTM-IP Petroleum Measurement Tables, 1952 9 , as referenced in ISO/R 91:1970 4 . This publication is limited to a 60 F relative density range of 0,500 and higher. GPA Standard 2142, publ
