1、Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part 1: Test-bed measurement systems of gaseous and particulate emissions BS ISO 8178-1:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Ex
2、haust emission measurement Part 1: Test-bed measurement systems of gaseous and particulate emissions Moteurs alternatifs combustion interne Mesurage des missions de gaz dchappement Partie 1: Mesurage des missions de gaz et de particules au banc dessai INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8178-1 Third edition
3、2017-04 Reference number ISO 8178-1:2017(E) National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 8178-1:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 8178-1:2006, which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/14/-/3, RIC engines - Emissions. A l
4、ist of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standard
5、s Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 92538 2 ICS 13.040.50; 27.020 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017. Amendments/corrigenda issued since pub
6、lication Date Text affected BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 81781:2017 ISO 2017 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part 1: Test-bed measurement systems of gaseous and particulate emissions Moteurs alternatifs combustion interne Mesurage des missions de gaz dchappement Par
7、tie 1: Mesurage des missions de gaz et de particules au banc dessai INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8178-1 Third edition 2017-04 Reference number ISO 8178-1:2017(E) BS ISO 81781:2017 ISO 8178-1:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All righ
8、ts reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from ei
9、ther ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org BS ISO 81781:2017 ISO 8178-1:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights r
10、eserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an
11、 intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright
12、iso.org www.iso.orgISO 8178-1:2017(E)Foreword vi Introduction vii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 9 4.1 Quantities and units Number and temperature . 9 4.2 General symbols 10 4.3 Symbols for fuel consumption 11 4.4 Symbols and abbre
13、viated terms for the chemical components .11 4.5 Abbreviated terms 12 5 General measurement principles 14 5.1 Principle of emission measurement 15 5.1.1 Mass of constituent .15 5.2 Exhaust sampling and dilution.16 5.2.1 General sampling requirements 16 5.2.2 Gas sampling 17 5.2.3 Raw sampling for ga
14、seous emissions 19 5.2.4 Dilute sampling for gaseous emissions .20 5.2.5 Dilution system 20 5.2.6 Dilute sampling for particulate emissions 22 5.3 Performance specifications for measurement instruments .23 5.3.1 Overview 23 5.3.2 Component requirements .23 5.3.3 Data recording and control 24 6 Engin
15、e and ambient related measurement equipment 25 6.1 Dynamometer specification 25 6.2 Speed and torque sensors 26 6.2.1 Shaft work .26 6.2.2 Speed sensors 26 6.2.3 Torque sensors .26 6.2.4 Engine accessories 26 6.3 Pressure transducers, temperature sensors, and dew point sensors.26 6.4 Flow related me
16、asurements .27 6.4.1 Fuel flow .27 6.4.2 Intake air flow .27 6.4.3 Raw exhaust flow27 6.4.4 Indirect exhaust flow 29 6.4.5 Dilution air and diluted exhaust flow meters 30 6.4.6 Sample flow meter for batch sampling 31 7 Determination of the gaseous components .31 7.1 General specifications 31 7.2 Gas
17、 drying .31 7.3 Analysers .31 7.3.1 General.31 7.3.2 Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) analysis .31 7.3.3 Oxygen (O 2 ) analysis .32 7.3.4 Hydrocarbon (HC) analysis 32 7.3.5 Non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) analysis32 7.3.6 Oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) analysis 33 7.3.7 Sulphur dioxide (SO
18、 2 ) analysis .34 7.3.8 Ammonia (NH 3 ) analysis .34 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page BS ISO 81781:2017 ISO 8178-1:2017(E)7.3.9 Dinitrogen oxide (N 2 O) analysis 34 7.3.10 Formaldehyde (HCHO) analysis .34 7.3.11 Methanol (CH 3 OH) analysis 35 7.3.12 Air-to-fuel measurement .35 7.4 Meas
19、urement system35 7.4.1 General.35 7.4.2 Analytical system 35 7.4.3 Ammonia analysis 36 7.4.4 Methane analysis 41 7.4.5 Methanol analysis 44 7.4.6 Formaldehyde analysis 45 8 Particulate determination .47 8.1 Particulate mass 47 8.1.1 Particulate Sampling probes (PSP) .47 8.1.2 Transfer tubes .47 8.1.
20、3 Pre-classifier .48 8.1.4 Particulate sampling filters 48 8.1.5 Weighing chamber and analytical balance specifications .48 8.2 Particle number .50 8.2.1 Sampling.50 8.2.2 Compensating for particle number sample flow full flow dilution systems .50 8.2.3 Compensating for particle number sample flow p
21、artial flow dilution systems .50 8.2.4 Correction of PM measurement .51 8.2.5 Proportionality of partial flow dilution sampling 52 8.3 Particulate dilution sampling system equipment 52 8.3.1 General.52 8.3.2 Partial flow dilution system 52 8.3.3 Full-flow dilution system .54 8.3.4 Particulate sampli
22、ng system .57 8.4 Particle number measurement equipment .60 8.4.1 Particle number measurement system 60 9 Calibr ation and v erification .66 9.1 Calibration and performance checks 66 9.1.1 Introduction 66 9.1.2 Summary of calibration and verification .66 9.1.3 Verifications for accuracy, repeatabili
23、ty, and noise .68 9.1.4 Linearity check .68 9.1.5 Continuous gas analyser system-response and updating-recording verification 72 9.1.6 Response time verification for compensation type analysers .74 9.2 Calibration gases 75 9.2.1 Analytical gases 75 9.2.2 Gas specifications .75 9.2.3 Use of gas divid
24、ers .77 9.3 Vacuum-side leak verification .77 9.3.1 Scope and frequency77 9.3.2 Measurement principles 77 9.3.3 Low-flow leak test77 9.3.4 Dilution-of-span-gas leak test78 9.3.5 Vacuum-decay leak test .78 9.4 NO 2 -to-NO converter conversion verification 79 9.4.1 Scope and frequency79 9.4.2 Measurem
25、ent principles 79 9.4.3 System requirements 79 9.4.4 Procedure 79 9.5 Flame ionization detector (FID) optimization and verification.80 9.5.1 Scope and frequency80 9.5.2 Calibration 81 iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved BS ISO 81781:2017 ISO 8178-1:2017(E)7.3.9 Dinitrogen oxide (N 2 O) analysis 34 7.3.1
26、0 Formaldehyde (HCHO) analysis .34 7.3.11 Methanol (CH 3 OH) analysis 35 7.3.12 Air-to-fuel measurement .35 7.4 Measurement system35 7.4.1 General.35 7.4.2 Analytical system 35 7.4.3 Ammonia analysis 36 7.4.4 Methane analysis 41 7.4.5 Methanol analysis 44 7.4.6 Formaldehyde analysis 45 8 Particulate
27、 determination .47 8.1 Particulate mass 47 8.1.1 Particulate Sampling probes (PSP) .47 8.1.2 Transfer tubes .47 8.1.3 Pre-classifier .48 8.1.4 Particulate sampling filters 48 8.1.5 Weighing chamber and analytical balance specifications .48 8.2 Particle number .50 8.2.1 Sampling.50 8.2.2 Compensating
28、 for particle number sample flow full flow dilution systems .50 8.2.3 Compensating for particle number sample flow partial flow dilution systems .50 8.2.4 Correction of PM measurement .51 8.2.5 Proportionality of partial flow dilution sampling 52 8.3 Particulate dilution sampling system equipment 52
29、 8.3.1 General.52 8.3.2 Partial flow dilution system 52 8.3.3 Full-flow dilution system .54 8.3.4 Particulate sampling system .57 8.4 Particle number measurement equipment .60 8.4.1 Particle number measurement system 60 9 Calibr ation and v erification .66 9.1 Calibration and performance checks 66 9
30、.1.1 Introduction 66 9.1.2 Summary of calibration and verification .66 9.1.3 Verifications for accuracy, repeatability, and noise .68 9.1.4 Linearity check .68 9.1.5 Continuous gas analyser system-response and updating-recording verification 72 9.1.6 Response time verification for compensation type
31、analysers .74 9.2 Calibration gases 75 9.2.1 Analytical gases 75 9.2.2 Gas specifications .75 9.2.3 Use of gas dividers .77 9.3 Vacuum-side leak verification .77 9.3.1 Scope and frequency77 9.3.2 Measurement principles 77 9.3.3 Low-flow leak test77 9.3.4 Dilution-of-span-gas leak test78 9.3.5 Vacuum
32、-decay leak test .78 9.4 NO 2 -to-NO converter conversion verification 79 9.4.1 Scope and frequency79 9.4.2 Measurement principles 79 9.4.3 System requirements 79 9.4.4 Procedure 79 9.5 Flame ionization detector (FID) optimization and verification.80 9.5.1 Scope and frequency80 9.5.2 Calibration 81
33、iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 8178-1:2017(E)9.5.3 HC FID response optimization 81 9.5.4 HC FID CH 4response factor determination 81 9.5.5 HC FID methane (CH 4 ) response verification 82 9.5.6 Non-stoichiometric raw exhaust FID O 2interference verification 82 9.5.7 Efficiency of the Non-Methane
34、 Cutter (NMC) 84 9.5.8 CO and CO 2Measurements 87 9.5.9 NO xMeasurement 89 9.5.10 Methanol response factor .99 9.6 Calibration of the particulate mass measuring system 100 9.6.1 General100 9.6.2 Checking the partial flow conditions 100 9.6.3 PM balance verifications and weighing process verification
35、.100 9.7 Calibration of the particle number measuring system .103 9.7.1 Calibration of the particle number counter 103 9.7.2 Calibration/Validation of the volatile particle remover .104 9.7.3 Particle number system check procedures .104 9.8 Calibration of the CVS full flow dilution system .105 9.8.1
36、 General105 9.8.2 Calibration of the Positive Displacement Pump (PDP) .106 9.8.3 Calibration of the Critical Flow Venturi (CFV) .108 9.8.4 Calibration of the Subsonic Venturi (SSV)110 9.8.5 CVS and batch sampler verification (propane check) 112 9.8.6 Periodic calibration of the partial flow PM and a
37、ssociated raw exhaust gas measurement systems 116 9.9 Calibration of the dynamometer 118 9.9.1 Torque calibration 118 9.10 Calibration of temperature, pressure and dew point sensors .119 9.11 Flow-related measurements .119 9.11.1 Fuel flow calibration .119 9.11.2 Intake air flow calibration .119 9.1
38、1.3 Exhaust flow calibration119 Annex A (normative) Heat calculation (transfer tube) 120 Annex B (normative) Determination of system equivalence .124 Annex C (informative) Car bon flo w check 125 Annex D (informative) Statistical equations .126 Annex E (informative) Examples of Partial Flow Dilution
39、 Systems .134 Annex F (informative) Examples of exhaust gas analysis system 144 Bibliography .148 ISO 2017 All rights reserved v BS ISO 81781:2017 ISO 8178-1:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member b
40、odies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental a
41、nd non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
42、described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is
43、 drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
44、 on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit y
45、 assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 70, Internal combustion engines, Subcomm
46、ittee SC 8, Exhaust emission measurement. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8178-1:2006) which has been technically revised. A list of all the parts in the ISO 8178- series, can be found on the ISO website.vi ISO 2017 All rights reserved BS ISO 81781:2017 ISO 8178-1:201
47、7(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whic
48、h a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all ma
49、tters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this documen
