1、Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part 4: Steady-state and transient test cycles for different engine applications BS ISO 8178-4:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017 Reciprocating internal combustion eng
2、ines Exhaust emission measurement Part 4: Steady-state and transient test cycles for different engine applications Moteurs alternatifs combustion interne Mesurage des missions de gaz dchappement Partie 4: Cycles dessai en rgime permanent pour diffrentes applications des moteurs INTERNATIONAL STANDAR
3、D ISO 8178-4 Third edition 2017-04 Reference number ISO 8178-4:2017(E) National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 8178-4:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 8178-4:2007, which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/14/-/3, R
4、IC engines - Emissions. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 201
5、7 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 92540 5 ICS 27.020; 13.040.50 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017. Amendments/
6、corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 81784:2017 ISO 2017 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part 4: Steady-state and transient test cycles for different engine applications Moteurs alternatifs combustion interne Mesurage d
7、es missions de gaz dchappement Partie 4: Cycles dessai en rgime permanent pour diffrentes applications des moteurs INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8178-4 Third edition 2017-04 Reference number ISO 8178-4:2017(E) BS ISO 81784:2017 ISO 8178-4:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUM
8、ENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
9、permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org BS ISO 81784:
10、2017 ISO 8178-4:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
11、 photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel.
12、+41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgISO 8178-4:2017(E)Foreword vi Introduction vii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 11 4.1 Quantities and units Numbers 11 4.2 General symbols 12 4.3 Symbols and abbreviated
13、 terms for fuel composition .14 4.4 Symbols and abbreviated terms for chemical components 15 4.5 Abbreviated terms 16 5 Test conditions 17 5.1 Engine test conditions .17 5.1.1 Laboratory test conditions .17 5.1.2 Test validity .17 5.2 Engine power 17 5.2.1 Auxiliaries to be fitted 18 5.2.2 Auxiliari
14、es to be removed .18 5.2.3 Determination of auxiliary power .18 5.2.4 Engine cycle work 18 5.3 Engine intake air .18 5.3.1 Introduction 18 5.3.2 Intake air restriction 19 5.3.3 Engines with charge air cooling .19 5.4 Engine exhaust system 19 5.4.1 Introduction 19 5.4.2 Exhaust restriction 19 5.4.3 E
15、ngine with exhaust after-treatment system .20 5.5 Specific test conditions .20 5.5.1 Engine with exhaust after-treatment system .20 5.5.2 Crankcase emissions24 5.6 Cooling system .24 5.7 Lubricating oil .24 6 Test fuels 24 7 Test cycles .25 7.1 Introduction .25 7.2 Test speeds 25 7.2.1 Maximum test
16、speed (MTS) 25 7.2.2 Rated speed .27 7.2.3 Intermediate speed .27 7.2.4 Idle speed 27 7.2.5 Test speed for constant speed engines 28 7.3 Torque and power .28 7.3.1 Torque 28 7.3.2 Power 29 7.4 Engine mapping 30 7.4.1 Engine mapping for transient cycles .31 7.4.2 Engine mapping for variable speed ste
17、ady-state cycles .31 7.4.3 Engine mapping for constant-speed engines .32 7.5 Steady-state test cycles .33 7.5.1 Discrete mode test cycles 33 7.5.2 Ramped modal test cycles .34 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page BS ISO 81784:2017 ISO 8178-4:2017(E)7.5.3 Cycle types and applicability 35 7.
18、6 Transient cycles .39 7.6.1 Introduction 39 7.6.2 Non-road transient cycle (NRTC) .39 7.6.3 Large spark-ignition non-road transient cycle .39 7.7 Test cycle generation 40 7.7.1 Generation of steady-state discrete-mode or RMC test cycles 40 7.7.2 Generation of NRTC and LSI-NRTC .41 8 Test run43 8.1
19、General test sequence 43 8.2 Instrument validation for test .45 8.2.1 Validation of proportional flow control for batch sampling and minimum dilution ratio for PM batch sampling.45 8.2.2 Gas analyser range validation, drift validation and drift correction 46 8.2.3 PM sampling media (e.g. filters) pr
20、econditioning and tare weighing .46 8.3 Sample system decontamination and preconditioning 48 8.3.1 Verification of HC contamination .49 8.4 Pre-test procedures .50 8.4.1 Preparation of the sampling filters .50 8.4.2 Preconditioning .50 8.4.3 Engine cool down (NRTC) .51 8.4.4 Preparation of measureme
21、nt equipment for sampling .51 8.4.5 Calibration of gas analysers .52 8.4.6 Adjustment of the dilution system 52 8.5 Engine starting and restarting52 8.5.1 Engine start .52 8.5.2 Engine stalling .52 8.6 Test cycle running procedure 53 8.6.1 Test sequence for discrete steady-state test cycles .53 8.6.
22、2 Ramped modal test cycles .54 8.6.3 Transient test cycle (NRTC and LSI-NRTC) 55 8.7 Post-test procedures .58 8.7.1 Verification of proportional sampling 58 8.7.2 Post-test PM conditioning and weighing .58 8.7.3 Analysis of gaseous batch sampling .59 8.7.4 Drift verification 60 9 Data evaluation and
23、 calculation 60 9.1 Gaseous emissions 60 9.1.1 General.60 9.1.2 Sampling for gaseous emissions 60 9.1.3 Data evaluation 62 9.1.4 Calculation of mass emission .62 9.1.5 Dry/wet correction .68 9.1.6 NO xcorrection for humidity and temperature .72 9.1.7 Cycle work and specific emissions 72 9.1.8 NH 3da
24、ta evaluation .74 9.2 Particulate mass emission 74 9.2.1 General.74 9.2.2 Particulate sampling 75 9.2.3 Data evaluation 75 9.2.4 Calculation of mass emission .75 9.2.5 Effective weighting factor (steady-state discrete cycles only).80 9.3 Adjustment for emission controls that are regenerated on an in
25、frequent (periodic) basis 81 9.4 Particle number emission .81 9.4.1 Time alignment 81 iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved BS ISO 81784:2017 ISO 8178-4:2017(E)7.5.3 Cycle types and applicability 35 7.6 Transient cycles .39 7.6.1 Introduction 39 7.6.2 Non-road transient cycle (NRTC) .39 7.6.3 Large spark-
26、ignition non-road transient cycle .39 7.7 Test cycle generation 40 7.7.1 Generation of steady-state discrete-mode or RMC test cycles 40 7.7.2 Generation of NRTC and LSI-NRTC .41 8 Test run43 8.1 General test sequence 43 8.2 Instrument validation for test .45 8.2.1 Validation of proportional flow con
27、trol for batch sampling and minimum dilution ratio for PM batch sampling.45 8.2.2 Gas analyser range validation, drift validation and drift correction 46 8.2.3 PM sampling media (e.g. filters) preconditioning and tare weighing .46 8.3 Sample system decontamination and preconditioning 48 8.3.1 Verifi
28、cation of HC contamination .49 8.4 Pre-test procedures .50 8.4.1 Preparation of the sampling filters .50 8.4.2 Preconditioning .50 8.4.3 Engine cool down (NRTC) .51 8.4.4 Preparation of measurement equipment for sampling .51 8.4.5 Calibration of gas analysers .52 8.4.6 Adjustment of the dilution sys
29、tem 52 8.5 Engine starting and restarting52 8.5.1 Engine start .52 8.5.2 Engine stalling .52 8.6 Test cycle running procedure 53 8.6.1 Test sequence for discrete steady-state test cycles .53 8.6.2 Ramped modal test cycles .54 8.6.3 Transient test cycle (NRTC and LSI-NRTC) 55 8.7 Post-test procedures
30、 .58 8.7.1 Verification of proportional sampling 58 8.7.2 Post-test PM conditioning and weighing .58 8.7.3 Analysis of gaseous batch sampling .59 8.7.4 Drift verification 60 9 Data evaluation and calculation 60 9.1 Gaseous emissions 60 9.1.1 General.60 9.1.2 Sampling for gaseous emissions 60 9.1.3 D
31、ata evaluation 62 9.1.4 Calculation of mass emission .62 9.1.5 Dry/wet correction .68 9.1.6 NO xcorrection for humidity and temperature .72 9.1.7 Cycle work and specific emissions 72 9.1.8 NH 3data evaluation .74 9.2 Particulate mass emission 74 9.2.1 General.74 9.2.2 Particulate sampling 75 9.2.3 D
32、ata evaluation 75 9.2.4 Calculation of mass emission .75 9.2.5 Effective weighting factor (steady-state discrete cycles only).80 9.3 Adjustment for emission controls that are regenerated on an infrequent (periodic) basis 81 9.4 Particle number emission .81 9.4.1 Time alignment 81 iv ISO 2017 All rig
33、hts reserved ISO 8178-4:2017(E)9.4.2 Determination of particle numbers for transient and ramped modal cycles (RMC) with a partial flow dilution or raw gas sampling system .81 9.4.3 Determination of particle numbers for transient and ramped modal cycles (RMC) with a full flow dilution system 82 9.4.4
34、 Determination of particle numbers for discrete-mode cycles with a partial flow dilution system.82 9.4.5 Determination of particle numbers for discrete-mode cycles with a full flow dilution system.83 9.4.6 Test result 84 9.4.7 Determination of particle number background .85 9.5 Specific requirements
35、 for dual-fuel engines .86 9.5.1 Emission test procedure requirements for dual-fuel engines .86 9.5.2 Determination of molar component ratios and u gasvalues for dual- fuel engines 89 10 Engine control area .91 10.1 General remarks .91 10.2 Control area for engines tested to cycles C1, C2, E1 and H
36、91 10.3 Control area for engines tested to cycles D1, D2, E2, G1, G2 and G3 .94 10.4 Control area for engines tested to test cycle I .94 10.5 Control area for engines tested to E3 and E5 test cycle 95 10.5.1 Control area for CI marine engines .95 10.5.2 Control area for engines tested to the E4 test
37、 cycle .97 10.5.3 Control area for engines tested to the F cycle 98 Annex A (normative) Steady-state discrete-mode test-cycles .100 Annex B (normative) Steady-state ramped modal test cycles (RMCs) 105 Annex C (normative) Transient test cycles111 Annex D (informative) Calculation of the e xhaust ga s
38、 mass flo w and/or of the c ombustion air mass flo w 169 Annex E (informative) Ex ample pr ogr amme for calculation of e xhaust mass flo w s .189 Annex F (informative) Ex ample of calculation pr oc edur e (r a w/partial flo w) .191 Annex G (normative) Installation requirements for equipment and auxi
39、liaries .194 Annex H (normative) Molar based emission calculations 196 Bibliography .236 ISO 2017 All rights reserved v BS ISO 81784:2017 ISO 8178-4:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). T
40、he work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-go
41、vernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
42、 in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to
43、 the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the I
44、SO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit y assessme
45、nt, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 70, Reciprocating internal combustion engines, Su
46、bcommittee SC 8, Exhaust emission measurement. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8178-4:2007) which has been technically revised. A list of all the parts in the ISO 8178- series, can be found on the ISO website.vi ISO 2017 All rights reserved BS ISO 81784:2017 ISO 8178-
47、4:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
48、 which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on a
49、ll matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document
