1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 8178-8:2015 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part 8: Engine group determinationBS ISO 8178-8:2015 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 8178-8:2015. It supersedes BS ISO 8178-8:1
2、996 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/14/-/3, RIC engines - Emissions. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
3、provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 80603 2 ICS 13.040.50; 27.020 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Sta
4、ndard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO 8178-8:2015 ISO 2015 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part 8: Engine group determination Moteur
5、s alternatifs combustion interne Mesurage des missions de gaz dchappement Partie 8: Dtermination des groupes de moteurs INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8178-8 Second edition 2015-08-15 Reference number ISO 8178-8:2015(E)BS ISO 8178-8:2015ISO 8178-8:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECT
6、ED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
7、written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgBS ISO
8、 8178-8:2015ISO 8178-8:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 T erms and definitions . 1 3 General 1 4 P ar amet ers defining the engine gr oup 2 5 Guidelines for allo w able adjustment or modification within an engine gr oup 4 5.1 Conditions for modification and adjustment 4 5.2 Examples o
9、f adjustments and modifications 4 6 Guidelines for the choice of the parent engine . 5 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents PageBS ISO 8178-8:2015ISO 8178-8:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO memb
10、er bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, government
11、al and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
12、are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention i
13、s drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/o
14、r on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity as
15、sessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary Information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 70, Reciprocating internal combustion engines, Subcommittee SC 8, Exh
16、aust emission measurement. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8178-8:1996), which has been technically revised. ISO 8178 consists of the following parts, under the general title Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement: Part 1: Test-bed meas
17、urement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions Part 2: Measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions under field conditions Part 3: Definitions and methods of measurement of exhaust gas smoke under steady-state conditions Part 4: Steady-state test cycles for different engine applica
18、tions Part 5: Test fuels Part 6: Report of measuring results and test Part 7: Engine family determination Part 8: Engine group determination Part 9: Test cycles and test procedures for test bed measurement of exhaust gas smoke emissions from compression ignition engines operating under transient con
19、ditions Part 10: Test cycles and test procedures for field measurement of exhaust gas smoke emissions from compression ignition engines operating under transient conditionsiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 8178-8:2015ISO 8178-8:2015(E) Introduction Unlike engines for on-road applications, engine
20、s for non-road use are made in a much wider range of power output and configuration and are used in a great number of different applications. The objective of this International Standard is to rationalize the test methods for non-road engines in order to simplify and make more cost effective the dra
21、fting of legislation, the development of engine specifications, and the certification of engines to control gaseous and particulate emissions. In order to achieve its objectives, this International Standard embraces four concepts that are the following: a) grouping of engine applications in order to
22、 reduce the number of test cycles as defined in ISO 8178-4; b) use of observed brake power as defined in ISO 8178-4 as the basis for the expression of specific emission levels; c) incorporation of an “engine family” concept in which engines with similar emission characteristics and design can be rep
23、resented by an engine within the family; d) incorporation of an “engine group” concept which assumes that 1) engines can be adjusted or modified after measurement on the test bed, 2) engines of basically the same type or model can be classified within a group even if the engine is adjusted or modifi
24、ed after measurement on the test bed, and 3) adjusted or modified engines must comply with the applicable emission limits. The parameters that define the engine group are more restrictive than those for an engine family. The group concept is typically applied to large sizes and engines produced in s
25、mall number. This concept also provides the possibility for a reduction in approval testing for modifications to engines, either in production or in service. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 8178-8:2015BS ISO 8178-8:2015Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part
26、8: Engine group determination 1 Scope This part of ISO 8178 specifies the parameters to be applied for the determination of which engine specifications can be included in an engine group and for the selection of the parent engine of the group. It can be applied for applications that might require mo
27、dification or adjustment to suit at-site operating conditions. Such applications include stationary engines and engines for shipping. 2 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 engine group grouping of engines applicable to those engi
28、nes which require adjustment or modification after test bed measurement to ensure that they comply after adjustment or modification with the emissions and performance requirements at-site (primarily for stationary applications), respectively, under reference conditions (primarily for marine applicat
29、ions) Note 1 to entry: The engine group is a more restrictive grouping of engines than the engine family specified in ISO 8178-7. The definition of the group and choice of the parent engine (2.2) are to be agreed by the parties involved. 2.2 parent engine engine which represents an engine group (2.1
30、) in terms of emission performance by agreement of the parties involved Note 1 to entry: See Clause 6. 3 General There are engines, primarily for shipping and stationary applications, that require modification or adjustment to suit the at-site operating conditions. In these situations, the option ex
31、ists for the parties involved to agree to a group of engines with restrictive basic characteristics and specifications to permit limited modification and adjustment. The selection procedure for the parent engine is preferably such that the selected engine will incorporate those features which will a
32、dversely affect the emission level of the relevant exhaust components. On the other hand, the procedure shall suit the production volume of the engine manufacturer. Therefore, the parent engine can be the first unit of a production series or, in some cases, a relevant test engine. The definition of
33、the group and choice of the parent engine shall be agreed by the parties involved. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 8178-8:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 8178-8:2015ISO 8178-8:2015(E) 4 P ar amet ers defining the engine gr oup The engine group can be defined by basic characteristics and spe
34、cifications which should be common to engines within the group. The engine manufacturer is responsible for indicating those engines from his production range which are to be included in a group and agreed by the parties involved. In order that engines can be considered to belong to the same engine g
35、roup, the following list of characteristics and specifications should be common. a) Combustion cycle 1) Two-stroke 2) Four-stroke 3) Rotary engine 4) Others b) Main cooling medium 1) Air 2) Water 3) Oil c) Cylinders 1) Bore 2) Stroke d) Maximum rated power per cylinder at maximum rated speed: The pe
36、rmitted range of derating within the engine group shall be declared by the manufacturer and should be agreed by the parties involved. e) Method of air aspiration 1) Naturally aspirated 2) Pressure charged i) Constant pressure ii) Pulsating system f) Method of charge air cooling 1) With/without inter
37、cooler 2) Number of intercooler stages g) Fuel type 1) Diesel 2) Petrol 3) Natural gas 4) Liquefied petroleum gas 5) Other gases 6) Alcohol2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 8178-8:2015ISO 8178-8:2015(E) 7) Other fuels h) Combustion chamber type 1) Open chamber 2) Divided chamber i) Valve and port
38、ing 1) Configuration 2) Size and number of valves per cylinder j) Cylinder head k) Cylinder liner l) Fuel system type 1) Fuel only i) Pump-line injector ii) In-line pump iii) Distributor pump iv) Single element pump v) Unit injector vi) Common rail vii) Gas valve viii) Throttle body injection 2) Fue
39、l and air 3) Carburettor m) Miscellaneous features 1) Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) 2) Water emulsion or direct water injection or stratified injection 3) Charge air humidification 4) Air injection 5) Charge cooling system 6) Exhaust after-treatment The function and combination of the following de
40、vices are regarded as membership criteria for an engine family. Oxidation catalyst Three-way catalyst DeNOx Reduction catalyst, e.g. Selective Catalytic Reduction Thermal reactor ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 8178-8:2015ISO 8178-8:2015(E) Particulate trap SOx Exhaust Gas Cleaning System Other
41、 devices When an engine has been approved without after-treatment system, whether as parent engine or as member of the group, then this engine when equipped with an oxidation catalyst may be included in the same engine group if it does not require different fuel characteristics. If it requires speci
42、fic fuel characteristics, e.g. particulate traps requiring special additives in the fuel to ensure the regeneration process, the decision to include it in the same group shall be based on technical elements provided by the manufacturer. These elements shall indicate that the expected emission level
43、of the equipped engine complies with the same limit value as the non- equipped engine. When an engine has been approved with an after-treatment system, whether as parent engine or as member of a group whose parent engine is equipped with the same after-treatment system, then this engine when equippe
44、d without after-treatment system shall not be added to the same engine group. 7) Dual fuel 8) Ignition type i) Compression ii) Spark iii) Glow plug n) Electronic control strategy The presence or absence of an electronic control unit (ECU) on the engine is regarded as a basic parameter of the group.
45、In the case of electronically controlled engines, the manufacturer shall present the technical elements explaining the grouping of these engines in the same group (i.e. the reasons why these engines can be expected to satisfy the same emission requirements). These elements can be calculations, simul
46、ations, estimations, description of injection parameters, experimental results, etc. 5 Gu idelines for allo w able adjustment or m odification within an engine gr oup 5.1 C onditions for mod ification and adjustme nt Minor adjustments and modifications are allowed after certification (type approval)
47、 or final test bed measurement within an engine group upon agreement of the parties involved. a) If at-site measurement confirms that the adjusted or modified engine complies with the applicable emission limits. By agreement between the parties involved, different test conditions and a different num
48、ber of test points from those specified in ISO 8178-4 can be selected for at-site measurements if the adjustments or modifications are within the provisions of the engine group. b) If data provided by the engine manufacturer confirm that the adjusted and modified engine complies with the applicable
49、emission limits. 5.2 Ex amples of adjust ments and modification s a) Minor adjustment for at-site conditions 1) Adjustment of injection timing for compensation of fuel property differences4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 8178-8:2015ISO 8178-8:2015(E) 2) Adjustment of injection timing for optimization of maximum cylinder pressure 3) Adjustment of fuel delivery differences between cylinders 4) Adjustment of miscellaneous features listed in 4 m b) Minor modifications for performance optimization 1
