1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 8254-3:2016 Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss Part 3: 20 ogloss with a converging beam, TAPPI methodBS ISO 8254-3:2016 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 8254-3:2016. It supersedes BS ISO 8254-3:2004 w
2、hich is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the
3、necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 86891 7 ICS 85.060 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Stan
4、dard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 8254-3:2016 ISO 2016 Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss Part 3: 20 gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI
5、method Papier et carton Mesurage du brillant spculaire Partie 3: Brillant 20 avec un faisceau convergent, mthode TAPPI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8254-3 Second edition 2016-04-01 Reference number ISO 8254-3:2016(E)BS ISO 8254-3:2016ISO 8254-3:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTE
6、D DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior w
7、ritten permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgBS ISO
8、8254-3:2016ISO 8254-3:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Principle 2 5 Apparatus . 2 5.1 Gloss meter . 2 5.2 Gloss standards . 2 6 Sampling 4 7 Preparation of test pieces . 4 8 Calibration of the instrument . 4 9 Procedure. 4 10 Calc
9、ulation and expression of results . 5 11 Test report . 5 Annex A (normative) Specification of the optical s y st em of the g loss met er .6 Annex B (informative) Precision . 9 Bibliogr aph y .10 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents PageBS ISO 8254-3:2016ISO 8254-3:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the Inte
10、rnational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
11、 been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical s
12、tandardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in acc
13、ordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Deta
14、ils of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an e
15、ndorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee r
16、esponsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8254-3:2004), which has been editorially revised to provide a precision statement, to update the bibliographic references and to provide additional clarification on Scope
17、 and application of the method described in this International Standard. ISO 8254 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss: Part 1: 75 gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method Part 2: 75 gloss with a parallel beam, DIN method Part 3: 20
18、 gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI methodiv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 8254-3:2016ISO 8254-3:2016(E) Introduction This part of ISO 8254 deals with the assessment of the specular gloss of paper and board at an angle of 20, using a converging beam geometry commonly known as the TAPPI method
19、and described in TAPPI T653 2 . ISO 8254-1 and ISO 8254-2 deal with the measurement of specular gloss at 75. Although the word “measurement” is used, it is to be noted that this is strictly speaking only an “assessment” because the definition of gloss (see 3.1) relates to a scale of visual perceptio
20、n, whereas the method described uses a physical measurement of mixed regular and diffuse reflection. The exact correlation between the visual perception and the scale established by the physical measurement is not known. However, this physical gloss scale has proved to be useful for a number of tech
21、nical applications and, consequently, its standardization is justified. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 8254-3:2016BS ISO 8254-3:2016Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss Part 3: 20 gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method 1 Scope This part of ISO 8254 specifies a method for measuring
22、 the specular gloss of paper and board at an angle of 20 to the normal to the paper surface. It is applicable chiefly to highly glossy surfaces, such as cast-coated, lacquered, highly varnished or waxed papers and high-gloss ink films. NOTE This part of ISO 8254 has been developed from TAPPI T653 2
23、, ISO 2813 1and from ISO 8254-1. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referen
24、ced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the
25、purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 gloss (of a surface) mode of appearance by which reflected highlights of objects are perceived as superimposed on the surface due to the directionally selective properties of that surface SOURCE: CIE S 017 /E:2011, 17-500 3 3.
26、2 r e g u l a r r e f l e c t i o n specular reflection reflection in accordance with the laws of geometrical optics, without diffusion SOURCE: CIE S 017 /E:2001, 17-1077 3 3.3 d i f f u s e r e f l e c t i o n diffusion by reflection in which, on the macroscopic scale, there is no regular reflectio
27、n SOURCE: CIE S 017 /E:2011, 17-305 3 3.4 specular gloss measured variable equal to 100 times the ratio of the luminous flux reflected by the test-piece surface into a specified aperture at the specified angle of specular reflection to that reflected by a gloss standard specularly reflecting surface
28、 under the same conditions INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 8254-3:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 8254-3:2016ISO 8254-3:2016(E) 4 Principle Light incident on the test-piece surface at an angle of 20 to the normal and reflected from the surface at an angle of 20 to the normal into a defined
29、aperture is detected by a photodetector, the output of which is displayed on a meter. The gloss scale is established by reference to the reflection from a standard black glass of known refractive index. Annex B provides precision data. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Gloss meter It has the general arrangement and r
30、elative dimensions of the principal parts described in Annex A. It consists of: a) a source of light; b) a lens giving a converging beam of light incident on the test piece; c) a suitable device, such as a suction plate to hold the test piece flat, if required; d) a photodetector to receive and meas
31、ure certain of the rays reflected by the test piece. These components are combined in a light-tight housing that is matte black inside and is structurally and optically stable at the operating temperature. 5.2 Gloss standards 5.2.1 Primary g loss standar d, a flat, clean and polished surface, having
32、 a refractive index of 1,540 at 587,6 nm (the helium D-line). This may be shown by the Fresnel formulae to measure 100 gloss units on a scale related to the theoretical primary gloss standard. The theoretical primary specular gloss standard is an ideal, completely reflecting plane mirror having an a
33、ssigned gloss value of 2 199. 4 5.2.2 High gloss reference standard, a clean plaque of polished black glass for which the 20 specular reflectance has been computed from its refractive index measured at a wavelength of 587,6 nm. If the refractive index differs from 1,540, the gloss value shall be cal
34、culated as follows: (1) where , , , , , , , , , , , , ,(2) where n is the refractive index of the glass; is the angle of incidence.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 8254-3:2016ISO 8254-3:2016(E) When = 20, the formula reduces to , , , , , , , , , (3) NOTE 1 If the refractive index is known, the g
35、loss value can be calculated by adding or subtracting from 100,0 a value of 0,29 for each 0,001 departure of the refractive index from the standard value of 1,540. For example, for a glass of refractive index n = 1,523, the assigned gloss value G would be = = = , , , ,(4) This method is, however, va
36、lid only for refractive index values between 1,50 and 1,54. It is not applicable to quartz standards for which n is about 1,46. NOTE 2 Commercial gloss meters with 20 gloss scales based on International Standards with refractive index of 1,567 for general materials (paint, plastics, ceramics) will r
37、eport different gloss readings for paper samples which are based on a refractive index of 1,540 and are not compatible with this part of ISO 8254. 5.2.3 Intermediate gloss standards, having a reflected flux distribution comparable with that of the paper to be tested. Such standards can consist of ce
38、ramic tiles which are sufficiently flat to remain stationary without rocking when placed in the measurement position and are uniform in gloss over a central region larger in area than the illuminated area defined by Formulae (A.3) and (A.4). Each of these tiles shall be calibrated against the high g
39、loss reference standard by a technically competent laboratory in an instrument conforming to 5.1. 5.2.4 Working standards, having reflected flux distributions corresponding to different gloss levels, calibrated in the instrument concerned against a range of intermediate gloss standards. Store standa
40、rds in a closed container when not in use. Keep them away from any dirt which may scratch or mar their surfaces. Never place standards face down on a surface which may be dirty or abrasive. Always hold standards by their side edges to avoid transferring oil from the skin to the standard surface. Cle
41、an standards in warm water and mild detergent solution, brushing gently with a soft nylon brush. (Do not use soap solutions to clean standards.) Rinse in hot running water (temperature near 65 C) to remove detergent solution, followed by a final rinse in distilled water. Do not wipe intermediate glo
42、ss standards (5.2.3). The high gloss reference standard (5.2.2) may be dabbed gently with a lint-free paper towel or other lint-free absorbent material. Place rinsed standards in a warm oven to dry. The refractive index of the surface, and consequently the gloss value of the high gloss reference sta
43、ndard (5.2.2), might change slowly over a period of a few years. This could be accompanied by a loss of uniformity. It is recommended that this standard be sent to a technically competent laboratory at least once every two years for a check on its calibration and for possible repolishing to restore
44、its uniformity. 5 5.3 Zero-gloss standard, consisting of a black velvet-lined cavity or any other suitable type of black cavity. NOTE A variety of suitable cavities are available, including those coated with a matte black paint or having an interior black pyramidal construction. ISO 2016 All rights
45、reserved 3BS ISO 8254-3:2016ISO 8254-3:2016(E) 6 Sampling Sampling is not included in this part of ISO 8254. If the mean quality of a lot is to be determined, sampling shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 186. If the tests are made on another type of sample, make sure that the test pieces are
46、 representative of the sample received. 7 Preparation of test pieces Avoiding watermarks, dirt and obvious defects, cut at least five test pieces (10 pieces if both sides are to be measured) each of sufficient size to completely cover the test-piece opening of the instrument. Keep the test piece cle
47、an and do not handle the area to be tested. Condition the test pieces in an atmosphere at 23 C and 50 % relative humidity according to ISO 187. Exposure of paper to high humidity could irreversibly decrease the gloss. If papers are tested at a relative humidity higher than 65 %, or if there is reason to believe that the sample might have been exposed to a relative humidity higher tha
