1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 8854:2012 Road vehicles Alternators with regulators Test methods and general requirementsBS ISO 8854:2012 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is th
2、e UK implementation of ISO 8854:2012. It supersedes BS AU 232:1989 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AUE/16, Electrical and electronic equipment. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its sec
3、retary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 68904 8 ICS 43.060.50 Compliance with a British Standard
4、cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2012. Amendments issued since publication Date T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 8854:2012 ISO 2012 Road vehicles Alternators with regulators T
5、est methods and general requirements Vhicules routiers Alternateurs avec rgulateurs Mthodes dessai et conditions gnrales INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8854 Second edition 2012-06-01 Reference number ISO 8854:2012(E)BS ISO 8854:2012ISO 8854:2012(E) ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOC
6、UMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member bod
7、y in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandBS ISO 8854:2012ISO 8854:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1
8、 2 T erms and definitions . 1 3 Test conditions . 2 3.1 Ambient temperature 2 3.2 Air pressure 2 3.3 Sense of rotation . 2 3.4 Drive control . 2 3.5 Load current control . 2 3.6 Measuring accuracy . 2 3.7 Measured values 3 4 Test equipment . 3 4.1 Ambient air 3 4.2 Terminal connecting plan 3 4.3 Mea
9、suring system . 4 5 Measurement procedure . 5 5.1 Current/rotational frequency characteristic . 5 5.2 Partial load measurement . 6 5.3 Testing functional ability of regulator 6 5.4 Load dump 6 5.5 Voltage ripple 9 5.6 Efficiency determination .12 6 Method of calculation of efficiency 13 6.1 Determin
10、ation of efficiency .13 6.2 Determination of weighted efficiency 13 7 Presentation of results .13 Bibliography .15BS ISO 8854:2012ISO 8854:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
11、 preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental
12、, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main
13、task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Atten
14、tion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 8854 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 3, Electrical and e
15、lectronic equipment. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8854:1988), which has been technically revised. iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 8854:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8854:2012(E) Road vehicles Alternators with regulators Test methods and general requirements
16、1 Scope This International Standard specifies test methods and general requirements for the determination of the electrical characteristic data of alternators for road vehicles. It applies to alternators, cooled according to the suppliers instructions, mounted on internal combustion engines. 2 T erm
17、s and definitio ns For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 alternator frequency n G alternator rotational frequency in reciprocal minutes (min 1 ) 2.2 cut-in speed n A alternator rotational frequency, in reciprocal minutes (min 1 ), at which the alternator b
18、egins to supply current when speed is increased for the first time, depending on pre-exciting power (input), speed changing velocity, battery voltage, residual flux density of the rotor, and regulator characteristics 2.3 ef fici enc y alternator efficiency calculated from the measured values of volt
19、age, current, speed and torque 2.4 minimum application speed n L alternator rotational frequency, in reciprocal minutes (min 1 ), which corresponds approximately to the idling speed of the engine 2.5 minimum application current I L current, in amperes, which is delivered by a warmed-up alternator at
20、 test voltage U tand minimum application speed n L 2.6 rated current I R minimum current, in amperes, which the warmed-up alternator shall supply at a speed n R= 6 000 min 1and at test voltage U tNOTE The mean value minus twice the standard deviation should be stated unless the customer has requeste
21、d otherwise. 2.7 rated speed n R alternator rotational frequency, in reciprocal mintues (min 1 ), at which the alternator supplies its rated current, I R , specifying the rated speed as n R= 6 000 min 1 ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 8854:2012ISO 8854:2012(E) 2.8 test voltage U t specified val
22、ue, in volts, at which the current measurements shall be carried out 2.9 weight ed ef fici enc y W speed-evaluated mean value of efficiency at different alternator speeds 2.10 zero-amp. speed n 0 alternator rotational frequency, in reciprocal minutes (min 1 ), at which the alternator reaches the spe
23、cified test voltage, U t , without any current output NOTE When plotted on a graph, this is the point at which the current/speed characteristic l = (n) intersects the abscissa. 3 Test conditions 3.1 Ambient temperature Tests shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of T amb= (23 5) C and may o
24、ptionally also be performed at higher temperatures. 3.2 Air pressure Tests shall be carried out at the standard atmospheric pressure. Deviating conditions (e.g. measuring location, altitude, weather) shall be recorded. 3.3 Sense of rotation Sense of alternator rotation shall be in accordance with th
25、e suppliers specification. 3.4 Drive control The drive control shall meet the set alternator frequency values with a limit deviation of (n G set 5) min 1 . 3.5 Load current control The load current control shall meet the requested set current values with a limit deviation of (l Set 1,0) A. 3.6 Measu
26、ring accuracy The test equipment shall allow measurements of all parameters to be carried out within the limit deviations specified in Table 1. 2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 8854:2012ISO 8854:2012(E) Table 1 Accuracy of test equipment Parameters Limit deviation Voltage 0,1 % of measured value
27、 Current 0,2 % of measured value Torque 0,5 % of rated value of torque sensors Rotational frequency 2 min 1 Ambient temperature 1 K Air pressure 5 hPa Test period 1 s 3.7 Measured values All measured values shall be obtained at the end of each holding time of an operating point. Each data record sha
28、ll comprise at least the following measured values: n G actual alternator rotational frequency (actual value = measured value); I G actual alternator current (actual value = measured value); U G alternator voltage; M alternator torque, if needed; T amb ambient temperature; t M time of acquisition of
29、 measured values from start of testing. 4 Test equipment 4.1 Ambient air 4.1.1 Flow rate The input air flow within the alternator area shall be constant and reproducible. The maximum permissible flow rate shall be limited to 1 m/s. 4.1.2 Direction of flow The direction of the air flow within the alt
30、ernator area shall be constant and reproducible. If possible, the air should flow from bottom to top. 4.1.3 Measurement of ambient temperature The measuring point is located on the B side of the alternator (slip ring end, shield side) in line with the shaft and at a distance of (10 1) cm from the pr
31、otective cap. The spatial extent of the sensitive part of the temperature probe shall be limited to a cube with edges of 20 mm in length. 4.2 Terminal connecting plan For the tests, connections shall be established according to Figure 1. During the tests, the ignition switch is “on”. ISO 2012 All ri
32、ghts reserved 3BS ISO 8854:2012ISO 8854:2012(E) Key 1 load control lamp 2 D + or L lamp connection alternator 3 optional filter capacitor or test stand 4 battery/storage device 5 ignition lock, terminal 15 I Galternator current R Lload resistor U Galternator voltage Figure 1 Test circuit schematic 4
33、.2.1 Voltage measurement A voltmeter shall be connected directly to the output terminal(s) and/or alternator housing. 4.2.2 Filter capacitor C (optional) A capacitor should be connected to the output terminals of the alternator. The connecting cable shall be as short as possible. Capacitor type: pol
34、arized electrolytic capacitor Capacity: 68 000 F Connecting cable: cross-section of at least 4 mm 2 , maximum cable length (2 1) m, copper 4.3 Measuring system The measuring system shall record the parameters to be measured. Voltage, current, speed and torque shall be measured simultaneously. If par
35、ameters are recorded subsequently, there shall be no more than 1 s between the measurements of the first and last parameter. 4 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 8854:2012ISO 8854:2012(E) 5 Measurement procedure 5.1 Current/rotational frequency characteristic This measurement shall be performed at f
36、ull load. The alternator works at full load when the regulator duty cycle is 100 %, i.e. when the full excitation current is available. In the measuring circuit, a battery and an adjustable resistor, R L , shunted to the battery shall be used (see Figure 1). The tests shall be conducted using a powe
37、r-storing device (e.g. lead-acid battery, Li-ion battery or large capacitors). The measurements shall be carried out using an integral or separate regulator. To prevent the regulator from working, measurements shall be made at the following test voltages (for lead- acid batteries): (13,5 0,1) V for
38、12 V systems; (27 0,2) V for 24 V systems. NOTE Measurements at other voltages are optional. 5.1.1 Warm tests Rotational frequencies and measuring points Current measurements shall be taken at the following rotational frequencies (in min 1 ). At each operating point, the alternator shall reach equil
39、ibrium steady-state temperature before current values are recorded. In order to simplify the measuring set-up, this should be ensured by specifying a set holding time for each operating point: 1 500 1 800 2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 4 000 5 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000 n max The power adsorbed by the a
40、lternator shall be calculated at these measuring points. The current/rotational frequency characteristic shall be indicated by the following four points: a) Cut-in speed, n A Increase the alternator rotational frequency slowly (50 min 1 /s to 100 min 1 /s) until the charge indicator system indicates
41、 the commencement of battery charging, and record this speed. This applies only if the regulator does not affect the timing. b) Zero-amp. speed, n 0 (indirect measurement) Reduce the alternator rotational frequency until an alternator output current between 5 % of I Rand 2 A, but not less than 2 A,
42、is reached. Record the speed and current. To determine the zero-amp. speed, record a second speed/current point in the linear part of the characteristic, i.e. the zero-amp. speed shall be determined by extrapolation of the current/rotational frequency characteristic until the abscissa is intersected
43、. c) Minimum application current, I L Adjust the alternator rotational frequency to the idling speed of the engine (typically n L= 1 800 min 1 ) and record the alternator output current, I L . d) Rated current, I R Adjust the alternator rotational frequency to n R= 6 000 min 1and record the alternat
44、or output current, I R . ISO 2012 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 8854:2012ISO 8854:2012(E) 5.1.2 Short-form tests 5.1.2.1 Short-form warm test The alternator shall be warmed up until it reaches thermal equilibrium at fixed speed time and ambient temperature, T amb . The voltage shall be constant and eq
45、ual to the test voltage, U t , during the warm-up and the measuring period. The warm-up current measurements shall then be taken at least at the following rotational frequency values in reciprocal minutes (min 1 ): 1 500 1 800 2 000 3 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000 n max If desired, further int
46、ermediate values may be recorded and the zero-amp. speed may be determined. The test time after warm-up shall not exceed 30 s, with constant variation of speed. Warm-up time and speed shall be in accordance with the vehicle manufacturers specification (typical values are 20 min to 45 min at 3 000 mi
47、n 1 , 5 000 min 1and 6 000 min 1 ). 5.1.2.2 Short-form cold test The whole alternator shall have an ambient temperature of (23 5) C. Current measurements shall be taken at ambient temperature T amb= (23 5) C at least at the following rotational frequency values in reciprocal minutes (min 1 ): 1 500
48、1 800 2 000 3 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000 n max If desired, further intermediate values may be recorded and the zero-amp. speed may be determined. The test time shall not exceed 30 s with constant variation of speed. 5.2 Partial load measurement During partial load tests, the current shall b
49、e kept constant by regulating the load R L . The voltage shall be controlled by the regulator. The regulator duty cycle shall be less than 100 %. 5.3 Testing functional ability of regulator The alternator shall be run at rated rotational frequency and rated current until the temperature of the regulator becomes stable. The load shall then be reduced slowly to 5 A and a check shall be made to ensure that
