1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 8957:1996 Information and documentation Hebrew alphabet coded character sets for bibliographic information interchange ICS 35.040BSISO8957:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the DISC Board, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards B
2、oardand comes into effect on 15November1997 BSI 03-2000 ISBN 0 580 28728 9 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 8957:1996 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee IDT/2, Information and Docu
3、mentation, to Subcommittee IDT/2/7, Mechanized Information, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor rel
4、ated international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document
5、 may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of Briti
6、sh Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 8, an
7、 inside back cover and a backcover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO8957:1996 BSI 03-2000 i Contents P
8、age National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO 8957 1ii blankBSISO8957:1996 ii BSI 03-2000 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Implementation 1 4 Code tables 2 5 Legend 4 6 Explanatory notes 7 Annex A (informative) Bibliography Inside back cover Table 1
9、 2 Table 2 3 Table 3 Set 1: Basic Hebrew alphabet 4 Table 4 Set 2: Additional Hebrew characters 6 Descriptors: Documentation, bibliographies, data processing, information interchange, graphic characters, Hebraic characters, character sets, coded character sets.BSISO8957:1996 BSI 03-2000 iii Foreword
10、 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
11、 committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of elec
12、trotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO8957was prepared by
13、 Technical Committee ISO/TC46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 4, Computer applications in information and documentation. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.iv blankBSISO8957:1996 BSI 03-2000 1 1 Scope 1.1 This International Standard specifies two coded Heb
14、rew character sets. a) Set 1: 78 characters including74basic characters needed in Hebrew texts, three ligatures used only in the Yiddish language, and one point used only in the Judeo-Spanish language. b) Set 2: 51 additional characters used in combination with basic characters in some older Hebrew
15、texts. 1.2 These sets are intended for the international interchange of bibliographic citations, including their annotations, in the Hebrew alphabet. The sets may be used in a 7-bit or an 8-bit environment in accordance with ISO 2022. 1.3 These character sets are intended to handle information in th
16、e following languages: Old and Modern Hebrew, Yiddish, Ladino/Judezmo (Judeo-Spanish); and other languages written in Hebrew script, such as Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Persian, Karaite Turkic, Judeo-Italian, Judeo-Greek, etc. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through
17、reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying
18、 the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO/IEC 646:1991, Information technology ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange. ISO/IEC 2022:1994, Information technology Character co
19、de structure and extension techniques. International register of character sets to be identified by means of escape sequences 1) . 3 Implementation 3.1 The implementation of these coded character sets in physical media and for transmission, taking into account the need for error checking, is the sub
20、ject of other International Standards (see Annex A). 3.2 The implementation of this International Standard is in accordance with the provisions of ISO/IEC2022 2)and is identified by escape sequences. (To be assigned.) 3.3 The unassigned positions in the code table shall not be utilized in the intern
21、ational interchange of bibliographic information. 1) Available on application to the Secretariat of the Registration Authority: ECMA, 114 rue du Rhne, CH-1204 Genve, Switzerland. 2) G0: ESC 2/8 F; G1: ESC 2/9 F; G2: ESC 2/10 F; G3: ESC 2/11 F (“F” represents the final character of the escape sequenc
22、e).BSISO8957:1996 2 BSI 03-2000 4 Code tables 4.1 Code table for the basic Hebrew alphabet Table 1 is the code table for characters constituting the basic Hebrew alphabet. Table 1 BSISO8957:1996 BSI 03-2000 3 4.2 Code table for additional Hebrew characters Table 2 is the code table for additional He
23、brew script characters. Table 2 BSISO8957:1996 4 BSI 03-2000 5 Legend 5.1 Basic Hebrew alphabet Table 3 gives the code, graphic and name of each character constituting the basic Hebrew alphabet. Comments on usage are also provided when needed. Table 3 Set 1: Basic Hebrew alphabet Code Graphic Name C
24、omments 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F ! ” # $ % = ? DIGIT ZERO DIGIT ONE DIGIT TWO DIGIT THREE DIGIT FOUR DIGIT FIVE DIGIT SIX DIGIT SEVEN DIGIT EIGHT DIGIT NINE HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ SEMICOLON OPENING ANGLE BRACKET EQUALS SIGN CLOSING ANGLE BRACKET QUESTION MARK 40 41 42 43
25、 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F HEBREW POINT PATAH HEBREW POINT QAMATS HEBREW POINT SEGOL HEBREW POINT TSERE HEBREW POINT HIRIQ HEBREW POINT SIN DOT HEBREW POINT QUBUTS HEBREW POINT SHEVA HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS HEBREW POINT HATAF SEGOL HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ HE
26、BREW POINT RAFE HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT HEBREW POINT VARIKA (This position shall not be used)BSISO8957:1996 BSI 03-2000 5Table 3 Set 1: Basic Hebrew alphabet 5.2 Special vowel points, accents and marks Table 4 gives the code, graphic and name of each character in the set of additional Hebrew script ch
27、aracters. This set includes many special points and accent (or cantillation) marks used in texts from several geographic areas. When a special character is applicable to a specific geographic area, the area is identified in the comments section by a single upper-case letter according to the followin
28、g list: Code Graphic Name Comments 50-5A 5B 5C 5D 5E-5F (These positions shall not be used) OPENING SQUARE BRACKET (This position shall not be used) CLOSING SQUARE BRACKET (These positions shall not be used) 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F HEBREW LETTER ALEF HEBREW LETTER BET HEBREW
29、LETTER GIMEL HEBREW LETTER DALET HEBREW LETTER HE HEBREW LETTER VAV HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN HEBREW LETTER HET HEBREW LETTER TET HEBREW LETTER YOD HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF HEBREW LETTER KAF HEBREW LETTER LAMED HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM HEBREW LETTER MEM HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN Final form Ordinary form Final
30、 form Ordinary form Final form 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E HEBREW LETTER NUN HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH HEBREW LETTER AYIN HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE HEBREW LETTER PE HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI HEBREW LETTER TSADI HEBREW LETTER QOF HEBREW LETTER RESH HEBREW LETTER SHIN HEBREW LETTER TAV HEBREW
31、 LETTER YIDDISH DOUBLE VAV HEBREW LETTER YIDDISH VAV YOD HEBREW LETTER YIDDISH DOUBLE YOD (This position shall not be used) Ordinary form Final form Ordinary form Final form Ordinary form Undifferentiated form (B) = Babylonian; (P) = Palestinian; (S) = Samarian; (T) = Tiberian.BSISO8957:1996 6 BSI 0
32、3-2000 Table 4 Set 2: Additional Hebrew characters Code Graphic Name Comments 21 22 23-3F | : HEBREW PUNCTUATION PASEQ HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ (These positions shall not be used) Placed between letters; separates certain words in some old texts 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 HEBREW ACCENT REVIA HEB
33、REW ACCENT TSERE HEBREW ACCENT ACUTE TSERE HEBREW ACCENT GRAVE TSERE HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF QATAN HEBREW ACCENT SEGOL HEBREW MARK UPPER DOT HEBREW ACCENT DOUBLE ACUTE HEBREW ACCENT SHADDAH 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF GADOL HEBREW ACCENT PASHTA HEBREW ACCENT TEVIR HEBREW ACCENT GERESH MUQDA
34、M HEBREW ACCENT GERSHAYIN HEBREW ACCENT QARNEY PARA HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA KEFULA 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E 5F HEBREW ACCENT QAMATS HEBREW ACCENT ACUTE HEBREW ACCENT GRAVE HEBREW ACCENT GERESH HEBREW ACCENT QADMA HEBREW ACCENT SAMARIAN HOLAM HEBREW ACCENT SAMARIAN SEGOL HEBREW ACCEN
35、T BABYLONIAN QAMATS HEBREW ACCENT OLE HEBREW ACCENT ILUY HEBREW ACCENT PAZER HEBREW ACCENT RAFE HEBREW ACCENT DAGESH HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA HEBREW ACCENT DEHI HEBREW ACCENT ZINORBSISO8957:1996 BSI 03-2000 7Table 4 Set 2: Additional Hebrew characters 6 Explanatory notes 6.1 Points and accents in code ta
36、bles The characters in Set 1, column 4 (Table 1), positions40to 4A are the most important Tiberian points. Those in Set1,column4(Table 1), positions 4B to 4E and Set2(Table 2), columns4to7are less used Tiberian points and other accents. Point and accent are the generic terms used in reference to mar
37、ks, signs and special characters used in addition to the basic Hebrew alphabet. 6.2 Spacing and non-spacing characters The characters coded in Set 1, column4(Table 1) and Set 2, columns 4 to7(Table 2) represent combining marks which are non-spacing characters, that is, characters whose use is not fo
38、llowed by the forward movement of an output device. In a character string, these non-spacing characters are input before the characters they modify. Multiple combining marks associated with one letter are to be encoded in the order in which they appear, reading left to right or top to bottom. They a
39、re intended to be combined with other spacing characters in this International Standard or characters from the basic Latin set. The BACKSPACE character (hexadecimal code08in ISO/IEC 646) should not be used when encoding non-spacing characters. 6.3 Types of characters Four types of characters are inc
40、luded in Set1and Set 2: a) Alphabetic characters. In Set 1, columns6and7(Table 1). The forms of the alphabetic characters marked ordinary are not used at the end of a word, except in some Yiddish texts and in some acronyms. The form marked final is used at the end of a word. In display, the placemen
41、t of the point depends on the shape of the alphabetic character. b) Diacritic-like characters. In Set 1, column4(45, 4B to 4D); in Set 2, column4(47 and 48). These characters are always used in conjunction with other characters and usually modify the pronunciation of consonants. Code Graphic Name Co
42、mments 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68-6F HEBREW ACCENT BABYLONIAN PATAH HEBREW ACCENT BABYLONIAN QAMATS HEBREW ACCENT BABYLONIAN DAGESH HEBREW ACCENT SHALSHELET HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA GEDOLA HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA QETANA HEBREW ACCENT ASTERISK HEBREW MARK MASORA CIRCLE (These positions shall not be used)
43、70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79-7E HEBREW ACCENT METEG HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA HEBREW ACCENT TIPEHA HEBREW ACCENT MUNAH HEBREW ACCENT YETIV HEBREW ACCENT MAHAPAKH HEBREW ACCENT ETNAHTA HEBREW ACCENT YERAH BEN YOMO HEBREW ACCENT DAREGA (These positions shall not be used)BSISO8957:1996 8 BSI 03-2000 c) Vow
44、els, accents and cantillation marks. In Set 1, column4(40 to 4A, 4E); in Set 2, columns 4, 5, 6 and 7. The characters in Set1represent vowels pronounced after or before the letter on or under which they are placed. The characters in Set2include accents used in biblical texts and cantillation marks t
45、hat indicate punctuation, tone or serve as musical notes for the chanting of text. The vowels in Set 1, positions40to 44, and46to 4A are placed under a letter, usually in the middle (); but under dalet (Set 1, 63) and resh (Set 1, 78) they are slightly to the right (). Vowels under final kaf (Set 1,
46、 6A) and final nun (Set 1, 6F) are placed in the middle of the letter (). The vowel holam is usually placed above and to the left of the letter:(holam + kaf); but it is sometimes placed directly above the letter:(holam + vav). The characters in Set 2, columns 4 to 7 are placed above or below letters
47、. d) Punctuation marks, numerals and special characters. In Set 1, columns 2, 3 and 5; in Set 2, column 2. These are all spacing characters. 6.4 Rendering of characters The rendering of graphic characters is intended solely to identify uniquely these extended Latin script letters. The graphics used
48、do not necessarily represent the most desirable calligraphic forms. 6.5 Names of characters The names of characters (but not codes) have been made to correspond as much as possible to those assigned in ISO/IEC 10646-1.BSISO8957:1996 BSI 03-2000 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 1 ISO 259:1984, Docu
49、mentation Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters. 2 ISO 962:1974, Information processing Implementation of the 7-bit coded character set and its 7-bit and 8-bit extensions on 9-track 12,7 mm (0.5 in) magnetic tape. 3 ISO 1113:1979, Information processing Representation of the 7-bit coded character set on punched tape. 4 ISO 1155:1978, Information processing Use of longitudinal parity to detect errors in information messages. 5 ISO 1177:1985, Information processing Character structure for start/stop
