1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 8999:2001 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Graphical symbols ICS 01.080.20; 27.020 BS ISO 8999:2001 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 February 2008 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 61883 3 National for
2、eword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 8999:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/14, RIC engines. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purpor
3、t to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date CommentsReference number ISO 8999:2001(E) INTERNATIONAL ST
4、ANDARD ISO 8999 Second edition 2001-03-01 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Graphical symbols Moteurs alternatifs combustion interne Symboles graphiques BS ISO 8999:2001iiiii Contents Page Foreword.iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Use of symbols 1 5 Basic sy
5、mbols3 6 Safety signs7 7 Engine symbols .8 Bibliography14 BS ISO 8999:2001iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
6、 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates cl
7、osely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulate
8、d to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be hel
9、d responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 8999 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 70, Internal combustion engines. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8999:1993), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 8999:20011 R
10、eciprocating internal combustion engines Graphical symbols 1 Scope This International Standard specifies graphical symbols for operator controls, gauges, tell-tale indicators and instructions for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines in order to provide necessary information on their use a
11、nd operation. It is applicable to RIC engines for land, rail traction and marine use, excluding engines used to propel road vehicles and aircraft. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Internat
12、ional Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents i
13、ndicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3461-1:1988, General principles for the creation of graphical symbols Part 1: Graphical symbols for use
14、on equipment. ISO 3864:1984, Safety colours and safety signs. IEC 60073:1996, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification Coding principles for indication devices and actuators. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the followi
15、ng terms and definitions apply. 3.1 basic graphical symbol symbol used individually or in combination to make a composite symbol 3.2 composite symbol symbol made from combinations of symbol elements 4 Use of symbols 4.1 Symbols shall be as shown in clauses 5 to 7 of this International Standard. In g
16、eneral, symbols are shown in outline form. Where necessary, for legibility when reduced to a small size, enclosed areas within symbols or symbol elements may be filled in. BS ISO 8999:20012 4.2 The symbols included in clause 5 are basic symbols which may be used for general application as well as to
17、 create composite symbols. 4.3 The composite symbols included in clauses 6 and 7 are developed using basic symbols from clause 5 as elements where applicable to provide families of symbols associated with functions and systems. 4.4 As required, additional composite symbols may be developed using the
18、 basic symbols from clause 5, provided that the characteristics specified in ISO 3461-1 be maintained. 4.5 Limitations inherent in some reproduction and display technologies may require increased line thickness or other minor modifications of symbols. Such modifications are acceptable provided the s
19、ymbol remain unchanged in its basic graphical elements and remain easily discernible by the operator. 4.6 Additionally, to improve the appearance and perceptibility of a graphical symbol or to coordinate with the design of the equipment to which it is applied, it may be necessary to change the line
20、thickness or to round off the corners of the symbol. The graphical designer is normally free to make such changes provided that the essential perceptual characteristics of the symbol be maintained. See 10.2 of ISO 3461-1:1988. 4.7 For actual use, all symbols shall be reproduced large enough to be ea
21、sily discernible by the operator. See ISO 3461-1 for guidelines for proper sizing of symbols. Symbols shall be used in the orientations shown in this International Standard unless otherwise noted for individual symbols. 4.8 Symbols on controls and displays shall have good contrast to their backgroun
22、d. A light symbol on a dark background is preferred for most controls. Displays may use either a light symbol on a dark background or a dark symbol on a light background, depending upon which alternative provides the best visual perception. When a symbol image is reversed (for example, black to whit
23、e and vice versa) it shall be done for the entire symbol. 4.9 When using symbols with multifunction controls, understanding is improved and the presentation simplified where symbols are combined to the least extent possible. The example shown in Figure 1 is for a typical engine operation key switch,
24、 having separate positions for Off, On and Start. 4.10 The fonts shown in this International Standard are not intended to be restrictive; other fonts may be substituted, but care shall be taken that legibility is maintained. 4.11 Symbols in this International Standard are presented 32 % of original
25、size. The grid marks “L” denote the corners of the 75 mm square of the graphic grid presented. The grid marks are not part of the symbol but are provided to ensure consistent presentation of all symbol graphics. 4.12 Microfiches of the symbols are available from the ISO/TC 145 Secretariat. 4.13 When
26、 used on optical indicators or tell-tales, the following colours have the meanings indicated: red: danger, unsafe or malfunction yellow or amber: caution green: safe or normal NOTE Where practical, the indicators should be banded such that red is positioned above yellow/amber which is positioned abo
27、ve green. BS ISO 8999:20013 Figure 1 Typical engine operation key switch 5 Basic symbols No. Symbol Description Application ISO/IEC Registration No. 5.1 Engine To signify functions associated with the engine. ISO 7000-1156 5.2 Malfunction/failure To indicate a possible malfunction/failure. A red col
28、our indicator with a basic symbol may be used alternatively to indicate a malfunction/failure. Variant (description and application) of ISO 7000-1603 5.3 Fuel To signify the fuel quantity indicator. To signify functions associated with fuel. At the fuel fill to indicate a petrol type fuel ISO 7000-0
29、245B 5.4 Unleaded petrol fuel To signify functions associated with fuel. At the fuel fill to indicate unleaded petrol fuel. Variant of ISO 7000-0237 BS ISO 8999:20014 No. Symbol Description Application ISO/IEC Registration No. 5.5 Diesel fuel To signify functions associated with fuel. At the fuel fi
30、ll to indicate diesel fuel. ISO 7000-1541 5.6 Liquid coolant To signify functions associated with liquid type coolant. NOTE Use symbols associated with lubricating oil for engines with combined lubricating/cooling systems. ISO 7000-0536 5.7 Intake air To signify functions associated with intake air.
31、 ISO 7000-1604 5.8 Exhaust gas To signify functions associated with exhaust gas. ISO 7000-1605 5.9 Temperature To signify functions associated with temperature. ISO 7000-0034 5.10 Flow/direction To indicate the direction of a function. To signify functions associated with controls. ISO 7000-0251 5.1
32、1 Level indicator To signify a liquid level. NOTE This symbol should be used in the orientation shown. When used in composite symbols to indicate fluid levels, the vertical line at the apex of the pointer may be replaced by the appropriate symbol. Application of ISO 7000-0159 5.12 Oil (lubricating)
33、To identify functions associated with lubricating oil. ISO 7000-1056 BS ISO 8999:20015 No. Symbol Description Application ISO/IEC Registration No. 5.13 Filter To signify functions associated with filtering. ISO 7000-1369 5.14 Cranking To signify functions associated with starting or cranking. ISO 70
34、00-1365 5.15 Pressure To signify functions associated with pressure. NOTE When used in composite symbols, the appropriate symbol is used between the arrows to indicate the medium pressurised. ISO 7000-1701 5.16 Continuous adjustment linear increase/decrease To identify a linear control which regulat
35、es a quantity. The quantity increases with the symbol width. IEC 60417-5004 5.17 Continuous adjustment linear increase/decrease To identify a rotary control which regulates a quantity. The quantity increases with the symbol width. Radius is dependent on control diameter. ISO 7000-1364 5.18 Elapsed h
36、ours To indicate the cumulative elapsed hours of operating time. ISO 7000-1366 5.19 Clockwise rotation To indicate engine or equipment rotation in a clockwise direction. ISO 7000-0258 5.20 Anti-clockwise rotation To indicate engine or equipment rotation in an anti-clockwise direction. ISO 7000-0937
37、BS ISO 8999:20016 No. Symbol Description Application ISO/IEC Registration No. 5.21 Air-cooled lubricating oil cooler To signify functions associated with lubricating oil coolers. Upper symbol is medium being cooled; lower symbol is cooling medium. Variant (description and application) of ISO 7000-15
38、42 5.22 Liquid-cooled lubricating oil cooler To signify functions associated with lubricating oil coolers. Upper symbol is medium being cooled; lower symbol is cooling medium. Variant (description and application) of ISO 7000-1543 5.23 Air-to-air charge air cooler To signify functions associated wit
39、h charge air coolers. Upper symbol is medium being cooled; lower symbol is cooling medium. ISO 7000-1544 5.24 Air-to-water charge air cooler To signify functions associated with charge air coolers. Upper symbol is medium being cooled; lower symbol is cooling medium. ISO 7000-1545 5.25 Radiator To si
40、gnify functions associated with radiators for cooling engine coolant. Cooling medium is air. ISO 7000-1390 5.26 Water-to-water heat exchanger (Keel cooler) To signify functions associated with water-to-water heat exchangers. Upper symbol is medium being cooled; lower symbol is cooling medium. ISO 70
41、00-1546 5.27 Pneumatic system To indicate a pneumatic system. ISO 7000-0231 5.28 Air To indicate functions associated with the use of ambient air. ISO 7000-0537 BS ISO 8999:20017 6 Safety signs Safety signs shall be in accordance with ISO 3864. No. Symbol Description Application 6.1 Caution/warning
42、To indicate a risk of personal injury. 6.2 Caution/warning: pressurized To indicate a risk of personal injury from pressurized fluids. 6.3 Caution/warning: electrical hazard To indicate a risk of personal injury from high voltage or current sources. 6.4 Caution/warning: temperature hazard To indicat
43、e a risk of personal injury from high temperature. 6.5 No smoking To indicate locations where smoking is hazardous and is therefore prohibited. 6.6 Fire risk To indicate areas or materials which are a high fire risk. BS ISO 8999:20018 7 Engine symbols No. Symbol Description Application ISO/IEC Regis
44、tration No. 7.1 On To identify a control or control position to cause equipment to operate. IEC-60417-5007 7.2 Off To identify a control or control position to cease equipment operation. IEC 60417-5008 7.3 Battery charging condition To indicate the condition of battery charging. ISO 7000-0247 7.4 En
45、gine cranking To indicate engine cranking or starting control. Recommended for use with single function controls on the engine start switch or start mechanism. Variant (description and application) of ISO 7000-1387 7.5 Engine start aid, diesel preheat To indicate the control to activate preheating o
46、f engine intake air. ISO 7000-0457 7.6 Engine start aid, gas injection To indicate the control to activate gas injection for starting. ISO 7000-1547 7.7 Engine start aid, choke To indicate the control to operate the choke. ISO 7000-0243 7.8 Engine start aid, prime To indicate the control to operate
47、a fuel primer. ISO 7000-1370 BS ISO 8999:20019 No. Symbol Description Application ISO/IEC Registration No. 7.9 Engine stop To indicate the engine stop control. To indicate that the engine has stopped or should be stopped. ISO 7000-1388 7.10 Use of a red domed push-button control with no symbol, as s
48、tandardized in IEC 60073 Emergency engine stop To indicate a control for stopping the engine quickly in case of an emergency. 7.11 Engine intake air To indicate engine intake air. ISO 7000-1381 7.12 Engine intake air temperature To indicate engine intake air temperature. ISO 7000-1383 7.13 Engine in
49、take air pressure To indicate engine intake air pressure. ISO 7000-1382 7.14 Engine intake air filter To indicate the engine intake air filter or filter condition. ISO 7000-1170 7.15 Engine lubricating oil To indicate engine lubricating oil. To identify the engine lubricating oil fill. NOTE When necessary to indicate oil type or classification, that indication should appear directly below the oil symbol; for example, for ISO-L-ESF the letters SF should be adde
