1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010 Information technology Topic Maps Part 6: Compact syntaxBS ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK impl
2、ementation of ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/41, Document description and processing language. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport
3、to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2010 ISBN 978 0 580 60479 9 ICS 35.240.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Sta
4、ndards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2010. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010Reference number ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 13250-6 First edition 2010-11-15 Information technology Topic Maps Part 6: Compac
5、t syntax Technologies de linformation Plans relatifs des sujets Partie 6: Syntaxe compacte BS ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010 ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edit
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10、l copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010 ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction. v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Syntax description 1 3.1 About the syntax.
11、 1 3.2 Deserialization. 1 3.3 Common syntactical constructs 2 3.3.1 Whitespace. 2 3.3.2 Comments 2 3.3.3 Creating IRIs from strings 2 3.3.4 Creating IRIs from QNames. 3 3.3.5 IRI References. 3 3.3.6 Topic Identity. 3 3.3.7 Topic References 4 3.3.8 Creating locators from wildcards 4 3.3.9 Scope 4 3.3
12、.10 Reifier. 4 3.3.11 Type 4 3.4 Literals 4 3.4.1 General. 4 3.4.2 String Escape Sequences 5 3.5 Topic Map 6 3.6 Encoding Directive 6 3.7 Version Directive. 6 3.8 Topics. 6 3.9 Topic Tail. 7 3.10 Occurrences. 7 3.11 Names. 7 3.12 Variants 7 3.13 Associations 8 3.14 Templates. 8 3.15 Template Invocat
13、ion 9 3.16 Directives. 10 3.16.1 Prefix Directive 10 3.16.2 Include Directive 10 3.16.3 Mergemap Directive 10 Annex A (informative) CTM integer. 12 Annex B (informative) Syntax 13 Bibliography 14BS ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010 ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010(E) iv ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the Inte
14、rnational Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees establi
15、shed by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the f
16、ield of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Dra
17、ft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this
18、 document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 13250-6 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 34, Document description and processing languages.
19、ISO/IEC 13250 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Topic Maps: Part 1: Overview and basic concepts Part 2: Data model Part 3: XML syntax Part 4: Canonicalization Part 5: Reference model Part 6: Compact syntaxBS ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010 ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010(E) I
20、SO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction CTM (Compact Topic Maps) is a text-based notation for representing topic maps. It provides a simple, lightweight notation that complements the existing XML-based interchange syntax defined in ISO/IEC 13250-3:2007 and can be used for manually authoring to
21、pic maps; providing human-readable examples in documents; serving as a common syntactic basis for TMCL and TMQL. The principal design criteria of CTM are compactness, ease of human authoring, and maximum readability. CTM supports all constructs of ISO/IEC 13250-2, except item identifiers on construc
22、ts that are not topics. This part of ISO/IEC 13250 should be read in conjunction with ISO/IEC 13250-2 since the interpretation of the CTM syntax is defined through a mapping from the syntax to the data model there defined.BS ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010BS ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC
23、13250-6:2010(E) 1 ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved Information Technology Topic Maps Part 6: Compact syntax 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 13250 defines a text-based notation for representing instances of the data model defined in ISO/IEC 13250-2. It also defines a mapping from this notation to the da
24、ta model. The syntax is defined through an Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) grammar. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of t
25、he referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE Each of the following documents has a unique identifier that is used to cite the document in the text. The unique identifier consists of the part of the reference up to the first comma. IANA-CHARSETS, CHARACTER SETS, Internet Assigned N
26、umbers Authority, 14 May 2007, available atISO/IEC 13250-2, Information technology Topic Maps Part 2: Data model XSDT, XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, W3C Recommendation, 28 October 2004, available at IETF RFC 3986, Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax, Internet Standards T
27、rack Specification, January 2005, available at IETF RFC 3987, Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs), Internet Standards Track Specification, January 2005, available at 3 Syntax description 3.1 About the syntax The acronym CTM is often used to refer to the syntax defined in this part of ISO/I
28、EC 13250. Its full name is Compact Topic Maps Syntax. This clause defines the syntax of CTM using an EBNF grammar based on the notation described in XML 1.0. It uses prose to define the mapping from CTM to ISO/IEC 13250-2. The full EBNF can be found in Annex A. 3.2 Deserialization This clause define
29、s how instances of the CTM syntax are deserialized into instances of the data model defined in ISO/IEC 13250-2. Serialization is only implicitly defined, but implementations should produce CTM serializations that, when deserialized to a new data model instance, produce a data model instance that has
30、 the same canonicalization as the original data model instance, according to ISO/IEC 13250-4: 2009. Each CTM instance shall produce a valid data model instance according to ISO/IEC 13250-2.BS ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010 2 ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved An optional character set name according to IANA-CHA
31、RSETS which specifies the encoding of the CTM instance. A byte stream which is converted into a character stream by the following steps: If the optional input character set name is provided, the encoding is set to the provided value. If the byte stream starts with EF BB BF (UTF-8 byte order mark), t
32、he encoding is set to “UTF-8“. It is an error if the encoding is already set to another value due to the optional character set name. If the next bytes in the stream contain the sequence 25 65 6E 63 6F 64 69 6E 67 (%encoding in ASCII), all following 09 or 20 bytes are skipped until the very first 22
33、 byte is read. The following byte sequence until the next 22 (exclusive) byte is interpreted as character set name according to IANA-CHARSETS. It is an error if the encoding is already set to another value. If the previous steps did not produce an encoding, the encoding shall be set to “UTF-8“ The b
34、yte stream is converted according to the encoding into Unicode (c.f. ), where the optional byte sequence EF BB BF is removed previously from the start of the byte stream. This character stream is processed according to the grammar specified by this part of ISO/IEC 13250. An absolute IRI. This is the
35、 IRI from which the byte stream was retrieved, known as the document IRI. This IRI shall always be provided, as it is necessary in order to assign the item identifiers of the topic items created during deserialization. If the CTM instance was not read from any particular IRI the application is respo
36、nsible for providing an IRI considered suitable. An absolute IRI which will be used to resolve wildcards against 3.3.8; this IRI is called “wildcard-iri“. If the wildcard-iri is not provided, its value is set to the document IRI. A non-negative integer, called “wildcard-counter“. If the wildcard-cou
37、nter is not provided, the wildcard-counter is initialized with 0. Deserialization is performed by processing each component of the CTM source in document order. Components are defined in terms of text that matches a syntactic variable of the EBNF. For each component encountered the operations specif
38、ied in the clause for the corresponding syntactic variable are performed. Whenever a new information item is created, those of its properties which have set values are initialized to the empty set; all other properties are initialized to null. 3.3 Common syntactical constructs 3.3.1 Whitespace White
39、space consists of one or more space (#x20) characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs. Whitespace character are allowed everywhere to separate tokens (terminals and non-terminals). 3.3.2 Comments Comments are fragments of the character stream which are ignored by a CTM processor. Comments are
40、 allowed where whitespace characters are allowed. Multiline comments are delimited with #( and )# and may be nested. Single line comments are introduced by a hash (#) and continue until the end of the current line, or until the end of the character stream, whichever comes first. 3.3.3 Creating IRIs
41、from strings The delimiters are removed from iri-delimited; the resulting string may represent either an absolute or a relative IRI which shall met the the requirements of IETF RFC 3986 and IETF RFC 3987. The input to the deserialization process is: ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010(E)BS ISO/IEC 13250-6:2010 3 I
42、SO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved To create an IRI from a string, unescape the string by replacing %HH escape sequences with the characters they represent, and decode the resulting character sequence from UTF-8 to a sequence of abstract Unicode characters. The resulting string is turned into an absolu
43、te IRI by resolving it against the document IRI. 3.3.4 Creating IRIs from QNames QNames are used to abbreviate IRIs. The syntax of QNames is as follows: A QName causes a locator to be created. During deserialization, the IRI to which the prefix is bound is concatenated with the local part. The resul
44、t of such a process is always an absolute IRI. It is an error if the prefix has not been bound to an IRI as specified in 3.16.1. %prefix isbn urn:isbn: isbn:3-7026-4850-X isa book; - “Das kleine Ich bin Ich“.3.3.5 IRI References IRI references are either QNames or IRIs. They are interchangeable: Eve
45、rywhere an IRI can be used a QName can also be used (provided the prefix is defined at that point). 3.3.6 Topic Identity Topics are referenced by an item identifier, a subject identifier, or a subject locator. During deserialization, one topic item is created for each topic-identity. If the topic-id
46、entity is an identifier, a locator is created by concatenating the document IRI, a # character, and the value of the identifier. The locator is added to the item identifiers property of the topic item. If the topic-identity is specified by a subject identifier, a locator is created and added to the
47、subject identifiers property of the topic item. If the topic-identity is specified by a subject locator, a locator is created (the leading = is not part of the locator) and added to the subject locators property of the topic item. If the topic-identity is specified by an item identifier, a locator i
48、s created (the leading is not part of the locator) and added to the item identifiers property of the topic item. If the topic-identity is specified by a wildcard, the locator created in accordance with the procedure described in 3.3.8 is added to the item identifiers property of the topic item. If t
49、he topic item created through deserialization of a topic-identity is equal to another topic item (c.f. ISO/IEC 13250-2 5.3); the two topic items are merged according to the procedure given in ISO/IEC 13250-2. Variables shall occur only within templates. # A topic referenced by the subject locator “http:/www.isotopicmaps.org/“ = http:/www.isotopicmaps.org/ . # A topic referenced by a subject identifier http:/psi.example.org/John_Lennon . # A topic with a unique item identifier. W
