1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006 Identification cards Contactless integrated circuit cards Vicinity cards Part 2: Air interface and initialization ICS 35.240.15 BS ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3
2、1 January 2007 BSI 2007 ISBN 978 0 580 50050 3 National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006. It supersedes BS ISO/IEC 15693-2:2000 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST
3、/17, Cards and personal identification. A list of organizations represented on IST/17 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Sta
4、ndard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15693-2 Second edition 2006-12-15Identification cards Contactless integrated circuit cards Vicinity cards Part 2: Air
5、 interface and initialization Cartes didentification Cartes circuit(s) intgr(s) sans contact Cartes de voisinage Partie 2: Interface et initialisation dans lair BS ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006ii iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope. 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Sy
6、mbols and abbreviated terms . 2 4.1 Abbreviated terms 2 4.2 Symbols. 2 5 Initial dialogue for vicinity cards. 2 6 Power transfer. 3 6.1 Frequency 3 6.2 Operating field. 3 7 Communications signal interface VCD to VICC 3 7.1 Modulation. 3 7.2 Data rate and data coding 5 7.3 VCD to VICC frames 7 8 Comm
7、unications signal interface VICC to VCD 9 8.1 Load modulation. 9 8.2 Subcarrier 9 8.3 Data rates. 9 8.4 Bit representation and coding. 10 8.5 VICC to VCD frames 11 Annex A (informative) Standards compatibility 14 BS ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardizat
8、ion) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to
9、deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and
10、 IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by t
11、he joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. ISO/IEC 15693-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee
12、SC 17, Cards and personal identification. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 15693-2:2000), of which it constitutes a minor revision. It also incorporates Technical Corrigendum ISO/IEC 15693-2:2000/Cor.1:2001. ISO/IEC 15693 consists of the following parts, under the
13、general title Identification cards Contactless integrated circuit cards Vicinity cards: Part 1: Physical characteristics Part 2: Air interface and initialization Part 3: Anticollision and transmission protocol BS ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006 v Introduction ISO/IEC 15693 is one of a series of International S
14、tandards defining the parameters for identification cards as defined in ISO/IEC 7810 and the use of such cards for international interchange. This part of ISO/IEC 15693 defines the electrical characteristics of the contactless interface between a vicinity card and a vicinity coupling device. The int
15、erface includes power and bi-directional communications. This part of ISO/IEC 15693 does not preclude the incorporation of other standard technologies on the card. Contactless card standards cover a variety of types as embodied in ISO/IEC 10536 (close-coupled cards), ISO/IEC 14443 (proximity cards)
16、and ISO/IEC 15693 (vicinity cards). These are intended for operation when very near, nearby and at a longer distance from associated coupling devices, respectively. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) draw attention to the fact
17、 that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of patents. ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights. The holders of these patent rights have assured ISO and IEC that they are willing to negotiate licences under reason
18、able and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect, the statements of the holders of these patent rights are registered with the ISO and IEC. Information may be obtained from the following companies. Contact Subclause in this part of ISO/IEC 15693 I
19、nfineon Technologies AG P O Box 800949 D-81609 Munich Germany Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Prof. Holstlaan 6 6566 AA Eindhoven The Netherlands Omron Corporation Intellectual Property Group 20 Igadera, Shimokaiinji, Nagaokakyo-City Kyoto, 617-8510 Japan 7.2, Data rate and data coding EM Micro
20、electronic-Marin SA IP Management Rue des Sors 3 CH-2074 Marin 7.2, Data rate and data coding 7.3, VCD to VICC frames Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH D-85350 Freising Germany 8.2, Subcarrier 8.3, Data rates Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be th
21、e subject of patent rights other than those identified above. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. BS ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006blank 1 Identification cards Contactless integrated circuit cards Vicinity cards Part 2: Air interface and initialization 1 Sc
22、ope This part of ISO/IEC 15693 specifies the nature and characteristics of the fields to be provided for power and bi-directional communications between vicinity coupling devices (VCDs) and vicinity cards (VICCs). This part of ISO/IEC 15693 is to be used in conjunction with other parts of ISO/IEC 15
23、693. This part of ISO/IEC 15693 does not specify the means of generating coupling fields, nor the means of compliance with electromagnetic radiation and human exposure regulations which can vary according to country regulations and/or standards. 2 Normative references The following referenced docume
24、nts are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 10373-7, Identification cards Test methods Part 7: Vicinity cards ISO/IE
25、C 15693-1, Identification cards Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards Vicinity cards Part 1: Physical characteristics ISO/IEC 15693-3, Identification cards Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards Vicinity cards Part 3: Anticollision and transmission protocol 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose
26、s of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 15693-1 and the following apply. 3.1 modulation index index equal to a-b/a+b where a and b are the peak and minimum signal amplitude, respectively NOTE The value of the index may be expressed as a percentage. 3.2 subcarrier signal of fre
27、quency f sused to modulate the carrier of frequency f cBS ISO/IEC 15693-2:20062 3.3 byte string that consists of 8 bits of data designated b1 to b8, from the most significant bit (MSB,b8) to the least significant bit (LSB,b1) 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the fol
28、lowing abbreviated terms and symbols apply. 4.1 Abbreviated terms ASK amplitude shift keying EOF end of frame LSB least significant bit MSB most significant bit PPM pulse position modulation RF radio frequency SOF start of frame VCD vicinity coupling device VICC vicinity integrated circuit card 4.2
29、Symbols a carrier amplitude without modulation b carrier amplitude when modulated f cfrequency of operating field (carrier frequency) f sfrequency of subcarrier H maxmaximum operating field H minminimum operating field 5 Initial dialogue for vicinity cards The dialogue between the VCD and the VICC (
30、one or more VICCs may be present at the same time) is conducted through the following consecutive operations: activation of the VICC by the RF operating field of the VCD, VICC waits silently for a command from the VCD, transmission of a command by the VCD, transmission of a response by the VICC. BS
31、ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006 3 These operations use the RF power transfer and communication signal interface specified in the following paragraphs and shall be performed according to the protocol defined in ISO/IEC 15693-3. 6 Power transfer Power transfer to the VICC is accomplished by radio frequency via c
32、oupling antennas in the VCD and in the VICC. The RF operating field that supplies power to the VICC from the VCD is modulated for communication from the VCD to the VICC, as described in Clause 7. 6.1 Frequency The frequency f cof the RF operating field is 13,56 MHz 7 kHz. 6.2 Operating field A VICC
33、shall operate as intended continuously between H minand H max . The minimum operating field is H minand has a value of 150 mA/m rms. The maximum operating field is H maxand has a value of 5 A/m rms. A VCD shall generate a field of at least H minand not exceeding H maxat manufacturers specified posit
34、ions (operating volume). In addition, the VCD shall be capable of powering any single reference VICC (defined in the test methods) at manufacturers specified positions (within the operating volume). The VCD shall not generate a field higher than the value specified in ISO/IEC 15693-1 (alternating ma
35、gnetic field) in any possible VICC position. Test methods for determining the VCD operating field are defined in ISO/IEC 10373-7. 7 Communications signal interface VCD to VICC For some parameters several modes have been defined in order to meet different international radio regulations and different
36、 application requirements. From the modes specified any data coding can be combined with any modulation. 7.1 Modulation Communications between the VCD and the VICC takes place using the modulation principle of ASK. Two modulation indexes are used, 10 % and 100 %. The VICC shall decode both. The VCD
37、determines which index is used. Depending on the choice made by the VCD, a “pause“ will be created as described in Figure 1 and Figure 2. BS ISO/IEC 15693-2:20064 105% a 95% 5% 60% Carrier Amplitude t t 2 t 1 t 3 t 4 Min (s) t1 6,0 t2 2,1 t3 0 Max (s) 9,44 t1 4,5 t4 0 0,8 bThe clock recovery shall b
38、e operational after t 4max. Figure 1 Modulation of the carrier for 100 % ASK BS ISO/IEC 15693-2:2006 5The VICC shall be operational for any value of modulation index between 10 % and 30 %. Figure 2 Modulation of the carrier for 10 % 7.2 Data rate and data coding Data coding shall be implemented usin
39、g pulse position modulation. Two data coding modes shall be supported by the VICC. The selection shall be made by the VCD and indicated to the VICC within the start of frame (SOF), as defined in 7.3. 7.2.1 Data coding mode: 1 out of 256 The value of one single byte shall be represented by the positi
40、on of one pause. The position of the pause on 1 of 256 successive time periods of 256/f c(18,88 s), determines the value of the byte. In this case the transmission of one byte takes 4,833 ms and the resulting data rate is 1,66 kbits/s (f c /8192). The last byte of the frame shall be completely trans
41、mitted before the EOF is sent by the VCD. Figure 3 illustrates this pulse position modulation technique. Min 6,0 s t2 3,0 s t3 0 Max 9,44 s t1 4,5 s Modulation Index t1 10% 30% hf, hr 0,1 (a-b) max y 0,05 (a-b) t1 t2 hf y hr t3 t y a b Carrier Amplitude Min 6,0 s t2 3,0 s t3 0 Max 9,44 s t1 4,5 s Mo
42、dulation Index t1 10% 30% Min 6,0 s t2 3,0 s t3 0 Max 9,44 s t1 4,5 s Modulation Index t1 10% 30% hf, hr 0,1 (a-b) max y 0,05 (a-b) hf, hr 0,1 (a-b) max y 0,05 (a-b) t1 t2 hf y hr t3 t y a b Carrier AmplitudeBS ISO/IEC 15693-2:20066 Pulse Modulated Carrier | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
43、 | | | | | | | |0 1 2 3 4 . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 22 5 5 5 55 2 3 4 5 4,833 ms 9,44 s 18,88 sFigure 3 1 out of 256 coding mode In Figure 3 data E1 = (11100001)b = (225) is sent by the VCD to the VICC. The pause shall occur during the second half of the posit
44、ion of the time period that determines the value, as shown in Figure 4. Pulse Modulated Carrier 9,44 s 18,88 s . . . . . | | | | . . . . .2 2 22 2 24 5 6 Time period one of 256Figure 4 Detail of one time period 7.2.2 Data coding mode: 1 out of 4 Pulse position modulation for 1 out of 4 mode shall be
45、 used, in this case the position determines two bits at a time. Four successive pairs of bits form a byte, where the least significant pair of bits is transmitted first. The resulting data rate is 26,48 kbits/s (f c /512). Figure 5 illustrates the 1 out of 4 pulse position technique and coding. BS I
46、SO/IEC 15693-2:2006 7 75,52 s 9,44 s 9,44 s Pulse position for “00” 75,52 s 9,44 s 28,32 s Pulse position for “01” ( 1 = LSB ) 75,52 s 9,44 s 47,20 s Pulse position for “10” (0 = LSB) 75,52 s 9,44 s 66,08 s Pulse position for “11”Figure 5 1 out of 4 coding mode For example, Figure 6 shows the transm
47、ission of E1 = (11100001)b = 225 by the VCD. 75,52 sb2b1 = “01” 75,52 sb4b3 = “00” 75,52 sb6b5 = “10” 75,52 sb8b7 = “11”Figure 6 1 out of 4 coding example 7.3 VCD to VICC frames Framing has been chosen for ease of synchronization and independence of protocol. Frames shall be delimited by a start of
48、frame (SOF) and an end of frame (EOF) and are implemented using code violation. Unused options are reserved for future use by ISO/IEC. The VICC shall be ready to receive a frame from the VCD within 300 s after having sent a frame to the VCD. BS ISO/IEC 15693-2:20068 The VICC shall be ready to receiv
49、e a frame within 1 ms of activation by the powering field. 7.3.1 SOF to select 1 out of 256 code The SOF sequence described in Figure 7 selects the 1 out of 256 data coding mode. 9,44 s 9,44 s 37,76 s 37,76 sFigure 7 Start of frame of the 1 out of 256 mode 7.3.2 SOF to select 1 out of 4 code The SOF sequence describ
