1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 16480:2015 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Reading and display of ORM by mobile devicesBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 16480:2015. The U
2、K participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary prov
3、isions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 80189 1 ICS 35.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was publi
4、shed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Reading and display of ORM by mobile devices Technologies
5、 de linformation Techniques automatiques didentification et capture de donnes Lecture et affichage de lORM par dispositifs mobiles INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 16480 Reference number ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E) First edition 2015-08-15 ISO/IEC 2015 BS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserve
6、d COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an i
7、ntranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightis
8、o.org www.iso.org ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E)BS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2 5 Requirements 2 5.1 Symbol quality produced on electronic displays (MQR) 2 5.1.1 Reading a
9、nd illumination conditions . 3 5.1.2 Display pixel conditions . 3 5.1.3 Appropriate range of symbol X-dimensions 3 5.1.4 Capturing an image 4 5.1.5 Grading an image . 4 5.1.6 Reporting the grading results . 6 5.2 Quality of symbols that are intended to be read with general-purpose cameras in ambient
10、 lighting conditions (MBR) . 6 5.2.1 Reading and illumination conditions . 6 5.2.2 Appropriate ranges of symbol X-dimensions 7 5.2.3 X-dimension recommendation (MBR2 and MBR3) . 7 5.2.4 Reading angle recommendation (MBR3) . 8 5.2.5 Verifier setup . 9 5.2.6 Symbol graphics . 9 5.2.7 Quiet zone 9 5.2.
11、8 Grading an image . 9 5.2.9 Reporting the grading results 10 Annex A (informative) Applications of MQR and MBR 11 Bibliography .13 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents PageBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (
12、the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with part
13、icular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have esta
14、blished a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. T
15、his document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identify
16、ing any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc
17、e of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Sup
18、plementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.iv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E) Introduction This is a technical engine
19、ering document intended for verifier manufacturers and application specification developers for two distinct scanning environments. One is when a bar code is sent to a mobile device or other display device (MQR) for reading by a bar code scanner (generally used for personal applications such as acce
20、ss control and coupons). The other is when a mobile device is used to read a bar code (MBR) with its internal photographic camera from a printed or electronically displayed symbol (generally used for advertising where the mobile device runs an application to access the internet). ISO/IEC 2015 All ri
21、ghts reserved vBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015BS ISO/IEC 16480:2015Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Reading and display of ORM by mobile devices 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method to assess the symbol quality rendered on electronic displays (i.e.
22、the symbol produces its own light) when the reading device is a two-dimensional bar code imager. In addition, this international standard specifies a method to assess the quality of symbols that are intended to be read with general-purpose cameras in ambient lighting conditions. Further, this intern
23、ational standard describes modifications, which are to be considered in conjunction with the symbol quality methodology when applied to a particular symbology specification as defined in ISO/IEC 15415 and ISO/IEC 15416. It defines alternative illumination conditions, display pixel conditions and the
24、 reporting of the grading results. This document also describes appropriate ranges of symbol X-dimensions. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the editio
25、n cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 15415, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Bar code symbol print quality test specification Two-dimensional symbols ISO/IEC 15416
26、, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Bar code print quality test specification Linear symbols ISO/IEC 19762, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Harmonized vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this doc
27、ument, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 and the following apply. 3.1 MQR application environment where a bar code symbol is rendered on an electronic display such as found on a typical mobile device and is intended to be read by a bar code scanner Note 1 to entry: MQR is not an acron
28、ym. 3.2 MBR application environment where a bar code symbol is intended to be read with a general-purpose camera such as that found on a typical mobile device in ambient lighting conditions Note 1 to entry: MBR is not an acronym. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 All rights
29、reserved 1BS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E) 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms L Luminance Navg Average noise (used to calculate QZN) QZN Quiet Zone Noise 5 Requirements 5.1 Symbol quality produced on electronic displays (MQR) Bar code symbols are displayed on mobile device screens, generally,
30、 with device-owner specific information. See Figure 1. Figure 1 Symbol displayed on mobile devices Figure 1 shows a bar code symbol sent to a mobile device typically via the internet containing owner- specific information. The symbol is intended to be presented to an imager and read with the light p
31、roduced by the mobile device. Bar code symbols produced on electronic displays, generally, are constructed with pixels that emit light and pixels that block the light. See Figure 2.2 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E) Figure 2 Magnified portion of Figure 1 NOT
32、E Figure 2 shows a magnified portion of the bar code displayed on the screen (see Figure 1) of a mobile device showing the individual pixels of the screen. 5.1.1 Reading and illumination conditions Generally, mobile devices do not have a diffuse reflective surface. Therefore it is generally not succ
33、essful to attempt to read the bar code with a flying spot device (e.g. a visible laser beam). Generally, mobile devices have a flat polished screen surface (e.g. glass) that is highly reflective. Consequently it is not generally appropriate for a bar code scanning device to illuminate the surface. I
34、n addition, generally, the only type of scanning devices capable of reading images produced on mobile devices contains linear or area sensors or arrays and are sometimes called “linear imagers”, “2D imagers” or simply “imagers”. Generally, mobile devices produce light (i.e. backlighting) that is use
35、d directly by imagers to read symbols on the screen. The amount of backlight produced is called Luminescence. Luminescence is measured with an optometer (luminance-meter) set to the units candelas per metre squared (cd/m 2 ). The optometer shall be configured so that the only light collected is from
36、 pixels on the display at their maximum output. Mobile devices should produce background illumination of greater than 90 cd/m 2for dependable scanner performance. Displays with illumination less than 40 cd/m 2may not be readable by some scanners. 5.1.2 Display pixel conditions The pixels on a mobile
37、 device screen should be controlled directly and individually in order to produce a readable symbol. Specifically a black module should be rendered with exactly the same number of pixels as what would be a white module of the same size. For instance, in Figure 2 above, the smallest black module is m
38、ade up of an array of four by four pixels that have been directly controlled to exclude the background light. Similarly, precisely the same array of pixels is left open to produce a bright module. 5.1.3 Appropriate range of symbol X-dimensions The X-dimension of a bar code symbol on a mobile device
39、screen is the physical size of an individual pixel times the number of pixels per module. An alternate way to calculate the X-dimension is to measure the size of many modules and divide by the number of modules (often referred to as the Z-dimension). See Figure 3. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 3B
40、S ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E) Figure 3 Example method of calculating 2D symbol Z-dimension on mobile device screen NOTE There are 32 modules in 10 mm (0,4 in) (between the “1” and the “5”). Therefore the Z-dimension is 0,3 mm (0,012 5 in or equivalently 12,5 mils). Therefore, the module
41、size on this display is too small. The appropriate range of X-dimensions for bar code symbol rendered on the display of a mobile device is 0,38 mm to 0,63 mm (0,015 in to 0,025 in). 5.1.4 Capturing an image To capture an image for quality analysis, use a verification device that has its lights turne
42、d off or which does not have auxiliary lighting. The image should be taken in ambient lighting conditions. The image time should be such that the white areas reach between 70 and 85 percent of image sensor saturation. 5.1.5 Grading an image 5.1.5.1 Relation to 15415 and 15416 For 2D bar code symbol
43、quality analysis, the methods of ISO/IEC 15415 shall be used with the exception that R maxis set to 90 % and Symbol Contrast is not graded or reported. A synthetic aperture of 0,38 mm (15 mils) shall be used to process the image to produce the reference gray scale image. The aperture size used for g
44、rading is 0,25 mm (10 mils). While less common, if the symbol is a linear bar code, then the methods of ISO/IEC 15416 shall be used except that the scan reflectance profile set is produced in software from an image using an aperture size that is 80 % of the symbol X-dimension with R maxset to 90 % a
45、nd Symbol Contrast not graded or reported. 5.1.5.2 Luminescence Luminescence is graded per Table 1. Table 1 Luminescence grading Luminance cd/m 2 Grade 70 4,0 60 3,0 50 2,0 40 1,0 40 04 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E) 5.1.5.3 Z-dimension In addition, the Z-
46、dimension of the symbol is calculated and reported. A symbol is non-conforming if the measured Z-dimension is less than 0,35 mm (0,014 in) or greater than 0,65 mm (0,026 in). This allows a small tolerance on the measurement of the limits set in 5.1.3. 5.1.5.4 Quiet Zone Noise (QZN) Evaluate the quie
47、t zone noise (QZN) by calculating the variation in the quiet zone area as a ratio to the contrast in the symbol area. For symbologies without a defined QZ, QZN = 0. In the reference gray-scale image, set four test lines which are the lesser of 0,5 of the QZ or two modules away from the symbol side f
48、orming a perimeter. For each test line, find the difference between the average of the lightest 10 % and the average of the darkest 10 % of the values along those lines. Navg is the largest of the differences found in any of the four test lines. In the reference gray-scale image of the symbol area (
49、excluding quiet zones), select the darkest 10 % and the lightest 10 % of the values. Cavg is the difference between the average of the selected light values and the average of the selected dark values. QZN = Navg/Cavg. See Figure 4. Figure 4 Evaluating quiet zone noise Quiet zone noise is graded per Table 2. Table 2 Quiet zone noise grading Quiet Zone Noise Grade QZN 0,25 4,0 (A) QZN 0,30 3,0 (B) QZN 0,35 2,0 (C) QZN 0,40 1,0 (D) QZN 0,40 0,0 (F) Table 3 s
