1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:200
2、8National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008. It supersedes BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2004, which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Te c h n i c a l Committee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capture tech- niques. A
3、list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standa
4、rds Limited 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 58955 3 ICS 35.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2012. Amendments issued since publication Date Te
5、xt affected BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008Reference number ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18000-1 Second edition 2008-07-01 Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parame
6、ters to be standardized Technologies de linformation Identification par radiofrquence (RFID) pour la gestion dobjets Partie 1: Architecture de rfrence et dfinition des paramtres normaliser BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In
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9、printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved. Unless
10、otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copy
11、right office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org ii ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword. iv Introduction v 1 Scop
12、e 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 2 5 Architectures, references and exclusions 3 5.1 Communications architecture3 5.2 System specification .5 5.3 Interface specification.5 5.4 Application architecture5 5.5 Information and data architecture5 5.6 I
13、mplementation architecture.5 5.7 System security architecture5 5.8 Resilience considerations 5 5.9 Unique identification .5 6 Requirements.7 6.1 Vision statement 7 6.2 Mission statement7 6.3 Conformance and Commands7 6.4 General (Context).8 6.5 Instruction to developers of subsequent parts of ISO/IE
14、C 18000 and to installers. 9 6.6 Context (OSI)10 6.7 Bi-directional systems 11 6.8 Uni-directional systems 11 6.9 Relationship to other standards.11 6.10 Parameters .12 6.11 Physical and media access control parameters. .12 6.12 Protocol and collision management parameters .19 7 Modulation21 8 Paten
15、ts and intellectual property.21 8.1 Responsibilities regarding patents and intellectual property. .21 8.2 Patents referenced in ISO/IEC 18000.21 Annex A (informative) Reference co-ordinates for regional and national regulations 22 Annex B (informative) Pro forma for parameter definition standards (i
16、ncluding parameter definition tables) 23 Annex C (informative) Architectural views of logistic and distribution systems . .34 Annex D (informative) Tag identifier. 45 Annex E (informative) Intellectual property: patents. .47 Bibliography 48 BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) iv ISO/IEC 2
17、008 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International
18、Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO
19、 and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical commit
20、tee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the
21、 possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 18000-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, A
22、utomatic identification and data capture techniques. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 18000-1:2004), which has been technically revised. ISO/IEC 18000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Radio frequency identification for
23、 item management: Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz Part 6:
24、Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction ISO/IEC 18000 has been developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4, radio f
25、requency identification for item identification and management, in order to provide parameter definitions for communications protocols within a common framework for internationally useable frequencies for radio frequency identification (RFID), and, where possible, to determine the use of the same pr
26、otocols for ALL frequencies such that the problems of migrating from one to another are diminished; to minimise software and implementation costs; and to enable system management and control and information exchange to be common as far as is possible. Informative Annexes to this part of ISO/IEC 1800
27、0 provide contact information in respect of the radio regulations within which such systems have to operate, and some informational views of system architectures within which RFID for item management is likely to be used (Annexes A and C). There are no specific patents applicable to this part of ISO
28、/IEC 18000. Known patents relating to other parts of ISO/IEC 18000 will be found in the appropriate part of ISO/IEC 18000. BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 1 Information technology Radio frequency identification for item managemen
29、t Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized 1 Scope 1.1 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 defines the generic architecture concepts in which item identification may commonly be required within the logistics and supply chain and defines the parameters that need to be det
30、ermined in any standardized air interface definition in the subsequent parts of ISO/IEC 18000. The subsequent parts of ISO/IEC 18000 provide the specific values for definition of the air interface parameters for a particular frequency/type of air interface from which compliance (or non-compliance) w
31、ith this part of ISO/IEC 18000 can be established. This part of ISO/IEC 18000 also provides a description of example conceptual architectures in which these air interfaces are often to be utilized. 1.2 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 limits its scope to transactions and data exchanges across the air inte
32、rface at reference point delta (see Figure1). The means of generating and managing such transactions, other than a requirement to achieve the transactional performance determined within this part of ISO/IEC 18000, are outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 18000, as is the definition or specifica
33、tion of any supporting hardware, firmware, software or associated equipment. 1.3 Standardization of other reference points is outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 18000. (See Figure 1.) 1.4 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 is an enabling standard which supports and promotes several RFID implementatio
34、ns without making conclusions about the relative technical merits of any available option for any possible application. 1.5 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 also provides reference information in respect of patents that have been declared to the developers of ISO/IEC 18000 as pertinent and provides refere
35、nce addresses in respect of regulations under which ISO/IEC 18000 must operate. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the re
36、ferenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary ISO/IEC 15961, Information technology Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management Data protocol: app
37、lication interface. ISO/IEC TR 18047 (all parts), Information technology Radio frequency identification device conformance test methods IEC 60601-1-2, Medical electrical equipment Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance Collateral standard: Electromagnetic compatibi
38、lity Requirements and tests BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts) and the following apply. 3.1 MODES (standardized) different standardiz
39、ed RFID systems for Item Identification operating within the same frequency range, which may or may not be interoperable but do not significantly interfere with each other NOTE An International Standard providing parameter definitions for a particular frequency range may have one or several MODES. 3
40、.2 significant interference likely impedance by a system of one standardized MODE (working within the most widespread regulated power emissions) of the successful operation of a system of another standardized MODE (working within the most widespread regulated power emissions), in likely expected ope
41、rating situations 3.3 marginal measurable interference interference that does not impede operation in likely expected operating situations, or that could be avoided by simple and inexpensive design improvement NOTE Marginal measurable interference is not considered to be cause to reject a MODE. 4 Sy
42、mbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts) and the following apply. AFI application family identifier API application programming interface CW continuous wave DFMFM double frequency modified frequency modulation
43、 DLL data link layer (OSI model) DSFID data storage format identifier EOF end of frame FCC Federal Communications Commission (of USA) FTDMA frequency and time division multiple access LPB long power break MFM modified frequency modulation MFR Tag ID unique identifier incorrectly known in some places
44、 as UID n/a not applicable PJM phase jitter modulation BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 3 PN pseudo-noise (as in PN Code) SOF start of frame TRAM temporary random access memory VICC vicinity integrated circuit card 5 Architectures, references and exclus
45、ions This part of ISO/IEC 18000 does not attempt to define a reference architecture for item identification. The communication architecture defines the reference point that is the subject of ISO/IEC 18000, and limits ISO/IEC 18000 to defining protocols and transactions across this reference point in
46、 several technical and application situations. The informative annexes provide architecture examples of application scenarios where such transactions are likely to occur. These example scenarios are informative and the protocols and transactions defined in ISO/IEC 18000 may and will occur in other s
47、ituations. 5.1 Communications architecture 5.1.1 Reference point delta This part of ISO/IEC 18000 limits its scope to transactions and data exchanges across the air interface at Reference point delta. (See Figure 1). The means of generating and managing such transactions, other than a requirement to
48、 achieve the transactional performance determined within this part of ISO/IEC 18000, are outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 18000, as is the definition or specification of any supporting hardware, firmware, software or associated equipments. Standardization of other reference points are outsi
49、de the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 18000. (See Figure 1.) TAG INTERROGATOR Air Interface Application Communication Media Media Communication Local Central Processes Control Adaption Adaption Control System System APPLICATION CC MA MA CC LS CS Reference Points ZETA EPSILON DELTA GAMMA BETA ALPHA Figure 1 RFID Reference Communications Architecture BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 5.1.2 Entity blocks C e n t r a l system. This block
