1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011 Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 1: Test methods for system performanceBS ISO/IEC 18046-1:201
2、1 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011. Together with BS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011 and BS ISO/ IEC 18046-3:2007, it supersedes BS ISO/IEC 18046:2006 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
3、Committee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct ap
4、plication. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 71970 7 ICS 35.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2011. Amendments issued since publication Date
5、Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011Reference number ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18046-1 First edition 2011-10-15 Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 1: Test methods for system performance Technologies de l
6、information Mthodes dessai des performances du dispositif didentification par radiofrquence Partie 1: Mthodes dessai des performances du systme BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011 ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this p
7、ublication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 G
8、eneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011 ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normati
9、ve references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Abbreviated terms . 2 5 Conditions applicable to the test methods . 2 5.1 Selection of the tests 2 5.2 Selection of the devices to be tested 2 5.3 Test environment . 2 5.4 RF environment . 2 5.5 Pre-conditioning 3 5.6 Default tolerance . 3 5.7 Total meas
10、urement uncertainty . 3 5.8 Test Read and Write 3 5.9 Test speed motion . 3 5.10 Test mounting material . 3 5.11 Test communication parameters . 3 5.12 Test equipment limits 3 5.13 Human exposure to EMF 4 5.14 Test result reporting 4 5.15 Tag arrangement . 4 6 Inductive systems . 5 6.1 Portable Inte
11、rrogator . 5 6.2 Interrogator with one side antenna(s) configuration . 10 6.3 Interrogator gate antenna configuration . 19 6.4 Interrogator 3 dimension antenna configuration (tunnel) . 25 7 Propagative system according ISO/IEC 18000-6 31 7.1 Portable Interrogator . 31 7.2 Interrogator with one side
12、antenna(s) configuration . 36 7.3 Interrogator gate antenna configuration . 47 7.4 Interrogator 3 dimension antenna configuration (tunnel) . 52 8 Propagative System according ISO/IEC 18000-7 . 61 8.1 Fixed Interrogator 61 Annex A (Normative) Table of general parameters for the test report 64 Bibliog
13、raphy 65 BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011 ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are me
14、mbers of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international o
15、rganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO
16、/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 7
17、5 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 18046-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Co
18、mmittee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. This first edition (ISO/IEC 18046-1) cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 18046:2006). ISO/IEC 18046 consists of the following parts, under the general title Informatio
19、n technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods: Part 1: Test methods for system performance Part 2: Test methods for interrogator performance Part 3: Test methods for tag performance BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011 ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved vIntrod
20、uction RFID technology has broad applicability to the Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) industry in item management. As a wireless communication technique based on Radio Frequency technology the applications cover multiple levels of the industrial, commercial and retail supply chains.
21、 These can include: freight containers, returnable Transport Items (RTI), transport units, product packaging, and product tagging. Performance tests define test methods that deliver results that allow the comparison of different RFID systems, interrogator and tags in order to select among them for u
22、se in a particular application. The performance characteristics of devices (tags and interrogation equipment) can vary drastically due to application factors as well as the particular RFID air interface (frequency, modulation, protocol, etc.) being supported. Of key concern is the matching of the va
23、rious performance characteristics to the user application. Additionally, in an open environment users of such technology demand multiple sources for these devices from technology providers. A key challenge is a method of evaluating the differences between various technology providers products in a c
24、onsistent and equitable manner. This part of ISO/IEC 18046 provides a framework for meeting the above noted concern and challenges. To this end, clear definitions of performance as related to user application of RFID technology in the supply chain are provided. Based on such application-based defini
25、tions, test methods are defined with attention to the test parameters required for a consistent evaluation of RFID devices. Of particular significance, these tests are defined for RFID devices having one antenna. It is common practice to have products with both single and multiple antennas to define
26、 an RFID transaction zone sufficient for the application. The defined methods can easily be extended from equipment with a single antenna to apply to equipment with multiple antennas, in order to evaluate performance under conditions more closely matching those of a particular application. BS ISO/IE
27、C 18046-1:2011BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 1Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 1: Test methods for system performance 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 18046 defines test met
28、hods for performance characteristics of RFID systems for item management, and specifies the general requirements and test requirements for systems which are applicable to the selection of devices for an application. It does not apply to testing in relation to regulatory or similar requirements. 2 No
29、rmative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertaint
30、y of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection ISO 2859-4, Sampling procedures for inspection by attrib
31、utes Part 4: Procedures for assessment of declared quality levels ISO 2859-10, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 10: Introduction to the ISO 2859 series of standards for sampling for inspection by attributes ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology Automatic identification and dat
32、a capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 3: Radius frequency identification (RFID) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-3 and the following apply. 3.1 one side antenna(s) system with one antenna or multiple antennas
33、 which are positioned on the same plane and same side in front of the tag 3.2 gate system with a minimum of two antennas set in parallel vertical plans at a given distance with a tag that moves between these antennas BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011 ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved3
34、.3 tunnel system with a minimum of three antennas, two of them being set in parallel vertical plans, and one being set in a horizontal plan with a tag that moves between those three antennas 4 Abbreviated terms D Distance between tag and antenna of interrogator D GDistance between antennas for gate
35、configuration D HTHorizontal distance between antennas for tunnel configuration EMF Electro Magnetic Field MPE Maximum Permissive Exposure SAR Specific Absorption Rate 5 Conditions applicable to the test methods 5.1 Selection of the tests The system integrators and/or end users will have to select t
36、he applicable tests according to a specific application while ignoring the ones which do not apply to this (these) application(s). 5.2 Selection of the devices to be tested Unless otherwise specified, testing shall be performed on: The population of tag to be tested shall be chosen in accordance wit
37、h ISO/IEC 2859-1, ISO/IEC 2859-4, and ISO/IEC 2859-10. The interrogator given for testing. The equipment shall be the same for all the tests selected for the testing program. 5.3 Test environment Unless otherwise specified, testing shall take place in air environment of temperature 23C 3C (73F 5F) a
38、nd of relative humidity 30 % to 60 %. 5.4 RF environment The tests shall be performed in a known RF environment. RF environment must be measured to operate the test. Spurious transmissions in functional band for the test must be less than 80 dBm. All measurement shall be done with spectrum analyser
39、and antenna (loop antenna for BF and HF band, and Log periodic antenna or horn for UHF band. The spectrum analyser must be configured on the RF band and on “Max hold” measurement. The time of measurement must be more than 5 min. BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011 ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights
40、 reserved 35.5 Pre-conditioning The RFID System to be tested shall be conditioned to the test environment for a period of 24 hours before testing. 5.6 Default tolerance Unless otherwise specified, a default tolerance of 5 % shall be applied to the quantity values given to specify the characteristics
41、 of the test equipment (e.g. linear dimensions) and the test method procedures (e.g. test equipment adjustments). 5.7 Total measurement uncertainty The total measurement uncertainty for each quantity determined by these test methods shall be stated in the test report in accordance with ISO/IEC Guide
42、 98-3. 5.8 Test Read and Write The hexadecimal characters written in the user memory shall be alternatively 0xAA and 0x55 Without specific requirement, the user memory addresses used for these tests shall be the first address and the last address. Others addresses could be tested and these addresses
43、 shall be noted in the report. The size and position of data in the memory to be read or written may influence the results and shall therefore be noted. Measure the maximum read and write rate for the system under test and these rates shall be noted in the report. 5.9 Test speed motion For all Tests
44、 Speed Motion, the unique important factor is that the motion speed be constant within the volume tested. It implies that the tag be moved from outside the reading volume at a constant speed throughout the volume tested. The interrogator shall be configured to repeat the inventory command. The delay
45、 between two inventory commands shall be such that the tag is still in the identification volume (read zone). 5.10 Test mounting material The tags shall be mounted on the mounting materials for which they are intended for the application. The mounted material attached to the tag shall be considered
46、as integral part of the tag. 5.11 Test communication parameters All the tests shall be done for various communication parameters (forward and return link). The tests conditions shall be recorded in the test report. 5.12 Test equipment limits If the test equipment limits the performance measurement,
47、these limits shall be noted in the test report. BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011 ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved5.13 Human exposure to EMF High magnetic or electromagnetic field strength shall not exceed the limits of maximum permissible human exposure to EMF,in accordance with loc
48、al regulations. FCC guidelines for MPE and SAR or EC 1999/519/CE are examples for relevant documents. 5.14 Test result reporting Each test result shall include: identification number of tag (UII,Tag ID, in relation with air interface standards), type, description, reference number (serial number) of
49、 the interrogator, minimum value, maximum value, mean value and standard deviation of the results. In order to evaluate the results, the interrogator antenna properties, model etc. shall also be specified, as well as the type of interrogator, and type of connection between interrogator and antenna. The type of command and the number of bits written shall be indicated in the report. For the tests requiring measurement curves, additionally to the curves on minimum value, maximum value,
