1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015 Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 4: Test methods for performance of RFID gates in librariesBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementa
2、tion of ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purpor
3、t to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 85563 4 ICS 35.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligatio
4、ns. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015 Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance
5、test methods Part 4: Test methods for performance of RFID gates in libraries Technologies de linformation Mthodes dessai des performances du dispositif didentification par radiofrquence Partie 4: Mthodes dessai de la performance des portes RFID dans les bibliothques INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18
6、046-4 Reference number ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E) First edition 2015-12-15 ISO/IEC 2015 BS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be repr
7、oduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requeste
8、r. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E)BS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E)Foreword v Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms
9、 and definitions . 1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 6 4.1 Symbols . 6 4.2 Abbreviated terms . 7 5 Conditions applicable to the test methods 7 5.1 Number of interrogators to be tested 7 5.2 Test environment 7 5.3 RF environment 7 5.4 Pre-conditioning 7 5.5 Default tolerance . 8 5.6 Total measureme
10、nt uncertainty . 8 5.7 Test result reporting . 8 5.8 Test communication parameters . 8 5.9 Test equipment limits . 8 5.10 Human exposure to EMF 8 6 Required auxiliary means for performance tests 8 6.1 Movement apparatus . 8 6.2 PC with test software . 8 6.3 Reference blocks 9 6.3.1 General 9 6.3.2 T
11、ags 9 6.3.3 Tag block . 9 6.3.4 Tag bundle 10 6.3.5 Media stack 11 6.4 Active interferer 13 6.5 Passive Interferer .14 7 Performance tests 14 7.1 General remarks .14 7.2 Measurement of transmitter carrier H-field level .14 7.3 Detection field homogeneity 17 7.4 Reliability of detection 18 7.4.1 Gene
12、ral.18 7.4.2 Procedure (on the basis of AFI) .19 7.4.3 Procedure with increased walking speed .19 7.4.4 Procedure with 6 tags and read data of 34 bytes, walking speed (only on the basis of AFI) .20 7.4.5 Procedure with 6 tags and read data of 34 bytes, increased walking speed (only on the basis of A
13、FI) .20 7.5 Stack performance 20 7.6 Immunity to interferences .22 7.6.1 General.22 7.6.2 Analysis 1 (active interferer) 23 7.6.3 Analysis 2 (passive metallic interferer) 25 8 Assessment of the complete product test 26 9 Certificate 26 Annex A (normative) Test Record (AFI) .27 ISO/IEC 2015 All right
14、s reserved iii Contents PageBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E)Annex B (informative) Media stack .41 Bibliography .42 iv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the Internatio
15、nal Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields
16、of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a join
17、t technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document w
18、as drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
19、 such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and
20、 does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary in
21、formation The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. ISO/IEC 18046 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Radio frequency identification devic
22、e performance test methods: Part 1: Test methods for system performance Part 2: Test methods for interrogator performance Part 3: Test methods for tag performance Part 4: Test methods for performance of RFID gates in libraries ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ISO/IEC 18046-4:
23、2015(E) Introduction This part of ISO/IEC 18046 covers test methods for the performance of HF RFID gates in libraries. The term HF RFID gate refers to an HF RFID interrogator that supports an arrangement of several HF RFID antennas utilizing multiplexers or splitters. Antenna pairs are usually place
24、d on opposite sides of a so- called passage way through which tags are moved and captured. The positioning of such HF RFID gates at entrances, exits and transit positions within buildings thus permits the capturing of access and/or outward movement of objects/media or media stacks. At the same time,
25、 the possibility of stack (bundle) detection permits the simultaneous recognition of several tags. HF RFID gates are available as permanently installed or mobile variants. The reading range of HF RFID gates is limited but can be set in the range of 0,5 m to 2 m for 13,56 MHz (inductive coupling) sys
26、tems based on the size and number of antennas and/or of the tag properties. The main purpose of the gates within a library lies in anti-theft protection of media using simple reading of security bits (AFI or EAS) on a tag. Aside from that, they also permit the capturing of the specific medium by rea
27、ding out extended information that can be additionally stored in a tag. There are also hybrid systems, which additionally allow capturing of so-called EAS magnetic strips. HF RFID gates within libraries are frequently used in combination with visitor counters (e.g. light barriers) which permit direc
28、tion-dependent capturing of gate use. These visitor counters can be installed optionally or can alternatively be a fixed part of the gate. Current gates can recognize tags in horizontal and vertical as well as diagonal positions. A few possess auto-tuning functions that automatically correct the mag
29、netic field if there is a drop in performance. The selected operating mode (AFI) is constant throughout the entire individual tests. Figure 1 shows four essential processes that could be identified for HF RFID gates in libraries. These are, on the one hand, the registration of media security at the
30、time of access/outward movement of objects and therewith the alarm functions. Then, there is the pure detection of media information of the tags that have been moved. Furthermore, there is the optional counting of visitors and finally, the communication with the backend systems of the library, thoug
31、h this is not compulsory. In its main function of media security, a gate should also function offline. Figure 1 Typical process flow at a gate By increasing service demands in the area of opening times and increasing cost pressures at the same time, public and academic libraries increasingly rely on
32、 the use of automated accounting systems based on radio frequency technology. In addition to posting the media for lending and return, the technology also provides an anti-theft device. Core components for preventing burglary are sensor systems, which vi ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 18
33、046-4:2015ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E) are installed in the form of pass gates at the entry and exit. Prior to this part of ISO/IEC 18046, there were no requirements and test specifications that describe the performance of these sensor systems uniformly. With the present test methods for standardization
34、of performance evaluation of HF RFID gates for use in libraries, this gap will be closed. The RFID performance of the gates can be impaired if objects that have an influence on the magnetic fields are present in the direct vicinity of the gates. Materials such as metals, water and substances with a
35、high density can influence transmission here. In libraries, it is mostly due to constructional and/or architectural reasons that such objects are present in the direct vicinity of HF RFID gates. These can be metallic door frames, staircase railings, floor heating as well as sign plates or metallic f
36、urniture. In many cases, it is not possible to maintain a minimum distance, resulting in possible performance losses of the antennas. Special influence is also exerted by power lines with high output or lines with power line telecommunication within the building which are laid into the floor or in t
37、he walls and are not visually identifiable as sources of interference. Influences can be caused by active and passive sources. These include the RFID components themselves. The passive sources of interference include all kinds of furniture of a library composed of or containing metal which can possi
38、bly have an interfering influence and can distort the detection field. This also includes tags disposed in the vicinity of the gates which are positioned in a secured variant within the library. All kinds of electrical devices and machines that can exert an electro-magnetic influence on the gate in
39、libraries, and/or buildings, in general, can be summed up as active interferers. In this part of ISO/IEC 18046, references to HF RFID gates, interrogators, and tags usually assume HF RFID gates, HF interrogators, and HF tags. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved viiBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015BS ISO/IEC 1804
40、6-4:2015Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 4: Test methods for performance of RFID gates in libraries 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 18046 defines test methods for performance characteristics of HF RFID gates in libraries for item management and
41、specifies the general requirements and test requirements for HF RFID gates in libraries which are applicable to the selection of the gates for an application. The summary of the test reports form a unified tag datasheet. It does not apply to testing in relation to regulatory or similar requirements.
42、 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amen
43、dments) applies. ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 3: Test methods for
44、 tag performance ISO/IEC 19762 1) , Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary EN 300330-1 V 1.8.0:2014-06, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the frequency range
45、9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 and the following apply. 3.1 walking speed at a speed of 1
46、 m/s 3.2 increased walking speed at a speed of 2 m/s 3.3 direction of movementdirection in which a gate is passed by persons in normal operation 1) To be published. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E) 3.4 sy
47、stem interface describes the interface, over which the system “Gate” exchanges information with a higher level IT system Note 1 to entry: The system interface is accessible from outside the object. Often, a proprietary, interrogator- specific, communication protocol is applied here. 3.5 rate of dete
48、ction represents the average number of detected tags per test set-up over three repetitions per distance travelled 3.6 travel distance testing instruments such as tag, tag bundles or media stacks are moved on the travel distance through the gate (DUT) Note 1 to entry: Its length is 3 m. At the same
49、time, the centre point of the travelling distance lies at half depth of the gate. In cases, where the gate has an especially large depth, the travelling distance is extended such that its start and its end are securely at a distance at which no tag can be detected. 3.7 reference plane plane to which all measures of altitude refer as shown in Fi
