1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015 Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative technology Collaborative learning communication Part 1: Text-based communicationBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implement
2、ation of ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/43, Information technology for learning, education and training. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does no
3、t purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 84694 6 ICS 03.100.30; 35.240.99 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunit
4、y from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015 Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative te
5、chnology Collaborative learning communication Part 1: Text-based communication Technologies de linformation Apprentissage, ducation et formation Technologie collaborative Communication dapprentissage collaboratif Partie 1: Communication base de texte INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19780-1 Reference
6、number ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E) Second edition 2015-10-15 ISO/IEC 2015 BS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utili
7、zed otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyrigh
8、t office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E)BS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 1.1 Statement of scope . 1 1.2 Excluded subject
9、s and aspects 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Abbreviated terms and acronyms 2 5 Text-based communication Data Model . 2 5.1 Overview 2 5.2 Expression Data Model specification . 3 5.3 Supplemental information for the expression Data Model. 9 5.3.1 Data element EX_ID . 9 5.3
10、.2 Data element EX_Title . 9 5.3.3 Aggregating element EX_B-Ref 9 5.3.4 Data element EX_B-Ref_source 9 5.3.5 Data element EX_B-Ref_value . 9 5.3.6 Aggregating element EX_A-Ref 9 5.3.7 Data element EX_A-Ref_source .10 5.3.8 Data element EX_A-Ref_value 10 5.3.9 Data element EX_Time_Date .10 5.3.10 Dat
11、a element CG_Role_name 10 5.3.11 Data element CG_Role_holder_IDRef .10 5.3.12 Data element CW_ID-Ref 10 5.3.13 Aggregating element EX_Function .11 5.3.14 Data element CE_Tool_name .11 5.3.15 Data element CE_Function_name .11 5.3.16 Data element EX_Reply-to_ID-Ref 11 5.3.17 Data element EX_Relation .
12、11 5.3.18 Data element EX_Relation_ID-Ref.11 5.3.19 Data element EX_Relation_type-source .11 5.3.20 Data element EX_Relation_type .11 6 Conformance 11 Annex A (informative) Use cases13 Annex B (informative) Alphabetical list of terms .15 Bibliography .16 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents
13、 PageBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the d
14、evelopment of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-gover
15、nmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC
16、Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that so
17、me of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of paten
18、t declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as infor
19、mation about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 36, Information technology for learning, educat
20、ion and training. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 19780-1:2008), of which it constitutes a minor revision. ISO/IEC 19780 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative technology Colla
21、borative learning communication: Part 1: Text-based communicationiv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E) Introduction Collaborative communication in general Collaborative learning that is supported with information and communication technologies (ICTs) can i
22、nvolve the use of a range of media, including audio (e.g. IP telephony), video (e.g. video over IP), graphics (e.g. shared whiteboard) and text (e.g. chat, computer conferencing). Combinations of these media (e.g. audio telegraphics) can also be used in collaborative learning activities. ISO/IEC 197
23、80 focuses on messages and events arising in the course of collaborative learning activities, using a range of collaborative tools and media types. ISO/IEC 19780 understands and defines these communicative actions and events as being sent and received by participants and within environments, as thes
24、e are conceptualized and defined in ISO/IEC 19778. This part of ISO/IEC 19780 focuses on text-based communications and messages. Future editions or parts of ISO/IEC 19780 may address communications using other media (e.g. audio or video), or communications independent of any particular medium. Exper
25、ience and feedback deriving from this part of ISO/IEC 19780 and from work with evolving communication media are likely to play an important role in determining the shape and direction of this future standardization work. In this context, “text” can be defined in terms provided by the Oxford English
26、Dictionary: “the wording of anything expressed; the structure formed by the words in their order; the very words, phrases, and sentences as written.” Text is further understood here as that which can be expressed using a specified character set (here the “coded character sets” defined in ISO 10646).
27、 The use of markup languages derived from the specified character set used is also admissible. Some of the most common forms of ICT-supported collaborative learning involve the exchange of messages or text-based expressions. As defined here, text-based collaboration and communication is characterize
28、d by relatively brief messages or “small” expression bodies (e.g. a single word to a few paragraphs), and by relatively short time intervals between such expressions (fractions of a second to days). The result is that content generated through this type of communication tends to be highly context-de
29、pendent, with any one textual expression often gaining its meaning from complex relationships to others. This makes the portability and potential reconstruction of these relationships and of this context of great significance. Within the general parameters described above, the length of and time int
30、ervals between discrete communicative actions or messages can vary. Collaborative technologies and activities with the smallest intervals between messages are often labelled “synchronous”, and tend to be associated with the term “chat”. Those with longer intervals and more sizeable expression bodies
31、 are often labelled “asynchronous”, and tend to be associated with terms such as “discussion” or “conferencing”. In the terminology defined in ISO/IEC 19778, both synchronous (chat) and asynchronous (discussion) represent particular collaborative services, composed of collaborative tools (ICQ, Windo
32、ws Messenger, etc.), which provide collaborative functions (e.g. instant messaging). These functions, in turn, contribute to particular collaborative effects (e.g. facilitating the gradual achievement of consensus). NOTE Italicized terms in the paragraphs above and throughout this part of ISO/IEC 19
33、780 are defined in Clause 3 or in ISO/IEC 19778-1. Text-based communication in particular This part of ISO/IEC 19780 presents a Data Model for text-based expressions. A collaborative workplace is defined as an instantiated independent entity, consisting of the collaborative activities of a collabora
34、tive group, which works together by means of a collaborative environment (ISO/IEC 19778-1 to ISO/IEC 19778-3). As these definitions indicate, collaborative workplaces are associated with two major kinds of components: collaborative service components; collaborative group components. ISO/IEC 2015 All
35、 rights reserved vBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E) This part of ISO/IEC 19780 provides a Data Model to accommodate the data constituted by and associated with text-based messages or expressions, which are exchanged among collaborative group members within a collaborative environment. E
36、xpressions are composed by and exchanged among collaborative group members within a collaborative workplace. Collaborative environment components (collaborative services, tools and functions) facilitate these collaborative activities, resulting in various collaborative effects. Typical effects can i
37、nclude, for example, “reaching a compromise on a controversial issue”, “exploring arguments for and against a particular decision item” or “getting to know students in a class”. The classification and definition of particular collaborative effects is outside of the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 1978
38、0. Expression Data Model instantiations are associated by reference to collaborative group Data Model and collaborative environment Data Model instantiations. This can be illustrated through the example of a mailing list considered as a collaborative workplace. Such a collaborative workplace is inst
39、antiated as an independent entity by associating a particular list of email addresses (each address being associated with a participant) with a particular email service (or with specific aspects of such a service). Collaborative group members (being identified in the system by their email addresses)
40、 interact with each other and with the email service by composing, sending, receiving, reading and responding to email messages or expressions. The email service accepts emails from collaborative group members only, and forwards or reflects them to all other collaborative group members as specified
41、in the email address list of the collaborative group. Naturally, such a collaborative context, as an abstract entity, does not encompass the holders of the email addresses nor the email server, the email clients or the computers of the participants. Expressions are composed, sent and received by mem
42、bers of the collaborative group. These collaborative activities are made possible through the email service provided through the collaborative environment.vi ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E) Information technology Learning, educat
43、ion and training Collaborative technology Collaborative learning communication Part 1: Text-based communication 1 Scope 1.1 Statement of scope This part of ISO/IEC 19780 specifies the Data Model for text-based expressions. It provides a standardized way of isolating and describing textual expression
44、s composed and communicated by collaborative group members. 1.2 Excluded subjects and aspects For the purposes of simplicity, the following media and contexts have been excluded from this part of ISO/IEC 19780. Communication involving media other than text. Contexts and associated requirements in wh
45、ich one or more participants are intended to receive a given expression are identified individually, apart from the collaborative group (e.g. “whispering” or “private messaging” in chat contexts). Permissions and privacy information associated with individual participants. 2 Normative references The
46、 following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 19
47、778-1: 1) , Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative technology Collaborative workplace Part 1: Collaborative workplace data model 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19778-1 and the following apply. NO
48、TE The terms defined here are closely interrelated. When a term is utilized elsewhere in this part of ISO/IEC 19780, as defined in this list or as defined in ISO/IEC 19778-1, that term is italicized. 1) To be published. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E)
49、 3.1 expression instantiation of the Data Model for text-based expressions including the expression body and possible expression attachments Note 1 to entry: See ISO/IEC 19778-2. 3.2 expression attachment additional data associated with a given expression 3.3 expression body principle message or communicative substance of the expression shared among participants in a collaborative environment, related through reference to the expression Data Model instance 3.4
