1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication Information technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS) Part 5: Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010National foreword This British Sta
2、ndard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This p
3、ublication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2010 ISBN 978 0 580 59927 9 ICS 35.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under
4、 the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2010. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010 Reference number ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 24730-5 First edition 2010-04-01
5、Information technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS) Part 5: Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface Technologies de linformation Systmes de localisation en temps rel (RTLS) Partie 5: Spectre tal de compression dimpulsions (CSS) une interface dair de 2,4 GHz BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010I
6、SO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
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9、ess given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either
10、 ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 24730-5:20
11、10ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword vi Introduction.vii 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 3 5 Overview.6 5.1 Components.6 5.2 Purpose 6 5.3 Not covered by the standard7 5.4 System7 5.5 Document
12、 structure 7 6 Requirements.7 6.1 Frequency range7 6.2 2,4 GHz spread spectrum air interface specifications.7 6.3 Compliance requirements 8 6.4 Manufacturer tag ID.8 6.5 Physical layer parameters 8 7 Physical (PHY) layer specification.9 7.1 Modulations .9 7.2 Data rates .9 7.2.1 General PHY packet f
13、ormat 9 7.3 2-ary orthogonal CSS9 7.3.1 Reference modulator diagram .10 7.3.2 Bandwidths and Transmit power spectral density (PSD) mask .10 7.3.3 Equivalent baseband representation of the continuous time 2-ary orthogonal CSS signal .12 7.3.4 Signal tolerance.13 7.3.5 Bit to symbol mapping13 7.3.6 Ch
14、irp generator13 7.3.7 Preamble.13 7.3.8 Start of frame delimiter .14 7.3.9 Bit scrambler14 7.3.10 PHY Header 14 7.3.11 Overview (informative)14 7.4 DQPSK-CSS .16 7.4.1 Reference modulator diagram .16 7.4.2 Bandwidth and transmit Power Spectral Density (PSD) mask .17 7.4.3 Equivalent baseband represe
15、ntation of the continuous time DQPSK-CSS signal.18 7.4.4 Signal tolerance.20 7.4.5 Overview (informative)20 7.4.6 Demultiplexer (DEMUX) 22 7.4.7 Serial to Parallel mapping (S/P) .22 7.4.8 Data Symbol - to - Bi-Orthogonal code word mapping .22 7.4.9 Parallel - to - Serial converter (P/S) and QPSK sym
16、bol mapping.25 7.4.10 Differential-QPSK (DQPSK) coding .25 7.4.11 DQPSK to DQPSK-CSS modulation 26 7.4.12 Chirp generator26 7.4.13 Bit interleaver.26 BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) iv ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved7.4.14 Preamble.26 7.4.15 Start of frame delimiter .27 7.4.16 PHY He
17、ader 27 8 MAC sub-layer specification.27 8.1 Overview .27 8.2 General packet format.27 8.3 Packet types.27 8.4 MAC frame formats28 8.4.1 MAC frame format for Data packet.28 8.4.2 MAC frame format for ACK packet.28 8.4.3 MAC frame format for Broadcast packet.28 8.4.4 MAC frame format for RTS packet .
18、29 8.4.5 MAC frame format for CTS packet .29 8.4.6 MAC frame fields29 8.5 MAC Timing31 8.5.1 2-way handshake .31 8.5.2 3-way handshake .32 8.5.3 Ranging-related time measurements.33 8.5.4 Media access33 9 Tag application layer specification36 9.1 Overview .36 9.1.1 Example scenario 37 9.2 Tag applic
19、ation states .38 9.2.1 Default state .38 9.2.2 Wait state 38 9.2.3 Range state.39 9.2.4 Sleep state 39 9.2.5 Blink state.39 9.2.6 State transitions.40 9.3 Commands .41 9.3.1 SwitchState command 42 9.3.2 SetConfigVector command.45 9.3.3 GetConfigVector command 47 9.3.4 SetRangingPeers command.47 9.3.
20、5 AddRangingPeers command47 9.3.6 GetRangingPeers command.48 9.3.7 User defined command .48 9.3.8 Command prioritization 48 9.4 Tag application packet formats49 9.4.1 Application blink packet .50 9.4.2 Application command packet.51 9.4.3 Application report packet .51 9.4.4 GetConfigVector report.52
21、9.4.5 GetRangingPeers report .52 9.4.6 Ranging report .52 9.4.7 Application ranging packet.53 9.5 Ranging packet exchanges 57 9.5.1 Ranging packet exchange type 1.57 9.5.2 Ranging packet exchange type 2.58 9.5.3 Ranging packet exchange type 3.60 9.5.4 Ranging packet exchange type 4.61 9.6 Timing val
22、ues.62 9.7 Default profile.62 9.8 Error handling 62 Annex A (informative) Time base tolerances in two-way ranging63 Annex B (informative) Coexistence.66 Annex C (informative) Computing location values from range values69 BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved
23、 vAnnex D (informative) Location and roaming of tags .70 Bibliography72 BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) vi ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized sys
24、tem for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees c
25、ollaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Stand
26、ards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publicatio
27、n as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pat
28、ent rights. ISO/IEC 24730-5 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. ISO/IEC 24730 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Real-time locating syst
29、ems (RTLS): Part 1: Application program interface (API) Part 2: 2,4 GHz air interface protocol Part 5: Chirp spread spectrum at 2,4 GHz air interface BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved viiIntroduction CSS is a technique for spreading the bandwidth of a di
30、gital signal by using chirp pulses. Chirp pulses are pulses with a monotonically increasing or decreasing instantaneous frequency. Chirp pulses were originally used for radar applications. Recently, systems and standards have been developed which use chirp pulses also for communication applications.
31、 This part of ISO/IEC 24730 includes ranging and bidirectional communication between tags and infrastructure. Bidirectional communication enables the infrastructure to control the behaviour of tags in a timely manner. BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010
32、 All rights reserved 1Information technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS) Part 5: Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface 1 Scope ISO/IEC 24730 defines air interface protocols and an application programming interface (API) for real-time locating systems (RTLS). This part of ISO/IEC
33、 24730 defines an air interface protocol which utilizes chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at frequencies from 2,4 GHz to 2,483 GHz. This protocol supports bidirectional communication and two-way ranging between the readers and tags of an RTLS. The mandatory default mode ensures interoperability between ta
34、gs and infrastructure from various manufacturers, while the availability of several options offers flexibility to the developer of the infrastructure to adapt the behaviour of the overall system to the specific needs of his application. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are i
35、ndispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 15963, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management
36、Unique identification for RF tags ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmo
37、nized vocabulary Part 3: Radio frequency identification (RFID) ISO/IEC 19762-4, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 4: General terms relating to radio communications ISO/IEC 19762-5, Information technology Automatic identifica
38、tion and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 5: Locating systems ISO/IEC 24730-1, Information technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS) Part 1: Application program interface (API) Guidelines on Limiting Exposure to Non-Ionizing Radiation, International Commission on Non-Ioni
39、zing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), Munich, 1999 IEC 62369-1 ed1.0, Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from short range devices (SRDs) in various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz Part 1: Fields produced by devices used for electronic article surveillance, ra
40、dio frequency identification and similar systems IEEE Std C95.1-2005, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions Fo
41、r the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-3, ISO/IEC 19762-4, ISO/IEC 19762-5 and the following apply. 3.1 chirp spread spectrum technique for spreading the bandwidth of a digital signal using linear frequency sweep signals 3.2 Class I system
42、that operates at a radiated power of up to 10 mW EIRP 3.3 Class II system that operates at a radiated power higher than 10 mW up to the maximum defined by local regulations 3.4 ranging process of determining the distance between two RTLS transceivers through the exchange of a specific set of message
43、s 3.5 ranging peer RTLS transceiver with which to perform ranging 3.6 RF channel combination of a centre frequency value and bandwidth value 3.7 RTLS tag RTLS transceiver that accepts commands from RTLS readers and sends blinks and/or reports to the RTLS readers 3.8 RTLS transmitter part of an RTLS
44、transceiver which is capable of sending messages 3.9 demultiplexer equipment for reversing the process of multiplexing 3.10 medium wireless channel 3.11 trilateration method of determining the relative positions of objects using the known locations of three reference points and the measured distance
45、 between the object to be located and each reference point 3.12 interleaving rearrangement or transposition of data to enhance the effectiveness of error control schemes 3.13 interleaver unit that performs interleaving (3.12) BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights res
46、erved 33.14 baseband frequency band occupied by the aggregate of the signals used to modulate a carrier before they combine with the carrier in the modulation process 3.15 orthogonal inner product being close to zero 3.16 peer X xth peer in a description of a situation with multiple peers 4 Symbols
47、and abbreviated terms ACK acknowledge ARQ Automatic Repeat Query BTS Backoff Time Slot CIFS Carrier sense Inter Frame Space CTS Clear To Send CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance CSS Chirp Spread Spectrum dBr decibel relative DEMUX demultiplexer DQP
48、SK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying DQPSK-CSS Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying over Chirp Spread Spectrum Dst Destination address EIRP Equivalent Isotropical Radiated Power LFSR Linear Feedback Shift Register LSB Least Significant Bit MMSE Minimum Mean Square Error MAC Medium Acc
49、ess Control NAV Network Allocation Vector PHR PHY header PHY physical layer PPDU PHY Protocol Data Unit BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reservedPSDU PHY Service Data Unit QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RTS Request To Send RTLS Real Time Locating System SFD Start of Frame Delimiter SHR synchronization header SIFS Short Inter Frame Space Src source address TWR Two Way Ranging SDS-TWR Symmetric Double Sided Two Way Ranging e E
