1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 Systems and software engineering Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Quality measure elementsBS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 BRITISH
2、STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 25021:2012. It supersedes PD ISO/IEC TR 25021:2007, which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e I S T / 1 5 , S o f t w a r e a n d s y s t e m s
3、e n g i n e e r i n g . A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 201
4、2. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012. ISBN 978 0 580 73286 7 ICS 35.080 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2012. Amendments issue
5、d since publication Date T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO/IEC 25021:2012Reference number ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 25021 First edition 2012-11-01 Systems and software engineering Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Quality measure ele
6、ments Ingnierie des systmes et du logiciel Exigences de qualit et valuation des systmes et du logiciel (SQuaRE) lments de mesure de la qualit BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publica
7、tion may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva
8、20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3
9、 Normative references 1 4 Terms and definitions . 2 5 Abbreviated terms . 4 6 Quality measure elements concept . 4 6.1 Presentation of the measurement method model 4 6.2 Table format of QMEs . 7 Annex A (informative) Examples of QMEs 12 Annex B (informative) Guide for Designing a Quality Measure Ele
10、ment (QME) . 27 Annex C (informative) Additional Examples of QME and proposed expansion . 30 Annex D (informative) Measurement scale type 36 Bibliography 37 iv ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnic
11、al Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activ
12、ity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical commit
13、tee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to
14、 national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsi
15、ble for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 25021 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Software and System Engineering. This first edition of International Standard ISO/IEC 25021 cancels and replaces the first edition of T
16、echnical Report ISO/IEC TR 25021:2007. The SQuaRE series of standards consists of the following divisions under the general title Systems and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE): ISO/IEC 2500n, Quality Management Division, ISO/IEC 2501n, Quality Model Division, ISO/IEC 2502n, Quali
17、ty Measurement Division, ISO/IEC 2503n, Quality Requirements Division, and ISO/IEC 2504n, Quality Evaluation Division. BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved vIntroduction The purpose of this International Standard is
18、to define and/or design an initial set of Quality Measure Elements (QME) to be used throughout the product life cycle for the purpose of Systems and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE). The document also gives a set of rules to design a QME or verify the design of an existing QME.
19、The content of this document constitutes the link between the ISO/IEC 9126 series of standards and the subsequent SQuaRE series of standards. A number of QMEs for quality measures that quantify some of the characteristic and subcharacteristic represent an initial list, which is to be used during the
20、 construction of the quality measures as referenced in ISO/IEC TR 9126-2, ISO/IEC TR 9126-3 and ISO/IEC TR 9126-4. Quality measures presented in the SQuaRE series (Figures 1, 2) were extracted from ISO/IEC TR 9126 series but it is not the only source. When evaluating selected quality measures, the u
21、ser should first understand the definition of each property related to a QME used within the selected quality measures. The main purposes of defining and using the Quality Measures Elements (QMEs) in this document are: To provide guidance for organisations developing and implementing their own QMEs;
22、 To promote the consistent use of specific QME for measuring and using the product properties that are relevant to different product quality characteristics and subcharacteristics; To help identify a set of QMEs that are uniquely required to derive all the quality measures for a given set of charact
23、eristics or a set of subcharacteristics of a product. The QMEs are the common components of a number of quality measures. The intended usage of this International standard is that users will be able to select and define relevant valid QMEs to define internal, external, data or quality-in-use quality
24、 measures. Then, these can be used for quality requirements definition, products evaluation and quality assessment but not necessary limited to those. It is therefore recommended to use this document prior or together with the ISO/IEC 2502n series of standards. Quality Measurement Division 2502n Ext
25、ension Division 25050-25099 Quality Evaluation Division 2504n Quality Management Division 2500n Quality Requirements Division 2503n Quality Model Division 2501n Figure 1 Organisation of the SQuaRE series of international standards vi ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved Figure 1 illustrates the organisa
26、tion of the SQuaRE series representing families of standards, further called Divisions. Figure 2 Structure of the Quality Measurement Division ISO/IEC TR 9126-4 Quality in use measures ISO/IEC TR 9126-3 Internal measures ISO/IEC TR 9126-2 External measures ISO/IEC 9126-1 Quality model Quality charac
27、teristics Quality subcharacteristics Quality measures ISO/IEC 25021 Quality measure elements (QME) SQuaRE Quality measures Quality measure 1 Quality measure 2 Quality measure 3 - - - - Quality measure n ISO/IEC 2502n Figure 3 The relationship of ISO/IEC 25021 as a link between the 9126 series and th
28、e SQuaRE series of standard BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved viiThe ISO/IEC 9126 series is composed of four documents that list and describe the characteristics, subcharacteristics and quality measures that are r
29、eferred to as the quality model. The SQuaRE quality models categorize product quality into characteristics which are further subdivided into subcharacteristics and quality properties (ISO/IEC 25010). Each quality measure within ISO/IEC 9126 series is composed of at least two QMEs. The properties (of
30、 a product) are linked to the QME (ISO/IEC 25020), using a measurement method. The 2502n series designs and describes quality measures and associated QMEs for all the quality (sub)characteristics in the quality model. BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 INTERNATIONAL ST
31、ANDARD ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 1Systems and software engineering Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Quality measure elements 1 Scope This International Standard contains the following information: Requirements for defining QMEs as part of
32、 the specification of the product quality requirements with examples (see 6.2 Tables 1 and 2); NOTE Product quality includes system quality, software product quality, data quality and eventually system service quality. An initial set of QMEs, as examples (see Annex A Table A.1); A guideline for defi
33、ning and quantifying the property of the product (target entity) for QMEs (see Annex B) This document is intended for, but not limited to, developers, acquirers and independent evaluators of products, particularly those responsible for defining product quality requirements and for product evaluation
34、. This International Standard is applicable when defining the QMEs to be used to implement quality measures such as those specified in ISO/IEC 25022, ISO/IEC 25023 and ISO/IEC 25024. 2 Conformance When users define quality measures for a product, each of the referred QME shall be described according
35、 to the information items of format specified in Table 1 (see 6.2). The same should be applied for modifying an existing QME. 3 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated referenc
36、es, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 25000:2005, Software engineering Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Guide to SQuaRE ISO/IEC 25010:2011, Systems and softwar
37、e engineering Systems and software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) System and software quality models ISO/IEC 25020:2007, Software engineering Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Measurement reference model and guide ISO/IEC 15939:2007, Systems and soft
38、ware engineering Measurement process ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, International vocabulary of metrology Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) 2 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 25000, ISO/
39、IEC 25010, ISO/IEC 25020, ISO/IEC 15939, ISO/IEC Guide 99, and the following apply. The following definitions are replicated here for the convenience of the user of this document. 4.1 data quality degree to which the characteristics of data satisfy stated and implied needs when used under specified
40、conditions ISO/IEC 25012:2008 4.2 external measure of software quality measure of the degree to which a software product enables the behavior of a system to satisfy stated and implied needs for the system including the software to be used under specified conditions NOTE 1 The behavior can be verifie
41、d and/or validated by executing the software product during testing and operation. NOTE 2 Based on the ISO/IEC 25000:2005 definition of external software quality. NOTE 3 This definition was adapted from ISO/IEC 25010:2011. 4.3 internal measure of software quality measure of the degree to which a set
42、 of static properties of a software product satisfies stated and implied needs for the software product to be used under specified conditions NOTE 1 Static properties include those that relate to the software architecture, structure and its components. NOTE 2 Static properties can be verified by rev
43、iew, inspection, simulation and/or automated tools. NOTE 3 This definition was adapted from ISO/IEC 25010:2011. EXAMPLE Depending of the context specifications faults, design faults and code faults could be used as internal quality measures. NOTE 4 Based on the ISO/IEC 25000:2005 definition of inter
44、nal software quality. 4.4 measure (noun) variable to which a value is assigned as the result of measurement NOTE The term “measures” is used to refer collectively to base measures, measures, and indicators. ISO/IEC 15939:2007 4.5 measure (verb) make a measurement ISO/IEC 25000:2005 4.6 measurement s
45、et of operations having the object of determining a value of a measure ISO/IEC 15939:2007 NOTE Measurement can be nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scale type. BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 34.7 measurement
46、 function algorithm or calculation performed to combine two or more quality measure elements NOTE This definition is modified from ISO/IEC 15939:2007 definition of measurement method. 4.8 measurement method logical organisation of operations, described generically, used in measurement NOTE This defi
47、nition is modified from ISO/IEC 15939:2007 definition of measurement method. 4.9 measurement procedure logical organisation of operations, applied specifically, used in the performance of particular measurements according to a given measurement method NOTE 1 This definition is modified from ISO/IEC
48、15939:2007 definition of measurement procedure. NOTE 2 A measurement procedure is usually recorded in a document that is sometimes itself called a “measurement procedure“ and is usually in sufficient detail to enable an operator to carry out a measurement without additional information. 4.10 model s
49、pecification of the concepts, relationships and rules that are used to define a methodology ISO/IEC 24744:2007, Software Engineering Model for Development Methodologies 4.11 property to quantify property of a target entity that is related to a quality measure element and which can be quantified by a measurement method NOTE 1 A software artifact is an example of a target entity. NOTE 2 A sub-property is related to a property. 4.12 quality in use measure measure of t
