1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013 Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) Part 4: Entity modelsBS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013. The UK partic
2、ipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/70, Sensor Networks. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible f
3、or its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 0 580 72478 7 ICS 35.110 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Pol
4、icy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2013. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013 Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) Part 4: Entity models Technologies de linformation Rseaux de capteurs: Architecture de rfre
5、nce pour rseaux de capteurs Partie 4: Modles des entits ISO/IEC 2013 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 29182-4 First edition 2013-07-15 Reference number ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013(E)BS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013(E)ii ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2013 All
6、 rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested fr
7、om either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandBS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013(E) I
8、SO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Abbreviated terms 1 5 Overview . 2 6 Physical entities. 6 6.1 Sensor nodes . 6 6.2 Gateways .10 6.3 Other networks 10 6.4 Service providers .10 6.5 Users .
9、10 7 Functional entities .11 7.1 Sensor node hardware layer.11 7.2 Basic functions layer .11 7.3 Service layer .13 7.4 Application layer 16 7.5 Cross-layer management.17 Bibliography .22BS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) a
10、nd IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal w
11、ith particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC h
12、ave established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joi
13、nt technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights
14、. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 29182 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA): Part 1: General overview and requirements Part 2: Vocabulary
15、 and terminology Part 3: Reference architecture views Part 4: Entity models Part 5: Interface definitions Part 7: Interoperability guidelines The following part is under preparation: Part 6: Applicationsiv ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013(E) Introduction A
16、wide range of applications has been proposed for sensor networks. In practice, however, sensor networks have been built and deployed for a relatively small number of applications. This is partly due to the lack of a business case for certain applications and partly due to technical challenges in bui
17、lding a non-trivial sensor network of reasonable complexity. The main reason for this impediment is the multi- disciplinary expertise such as sensors, communications and networking, signal processing, electronics, computing, and cyber security required to design a sensor network. Presently, the desi
18、gn process is so complex that one can leverage little from one sensor network design to another. It appears as if one has to start from almost scratch every time one wishes to design and deploy a sensor network. Yet, upon closer inspection, there are many commonalities in instantiations of sensor ne
19、tworks that realize various applications. These commonalities include similarities in the choice of network architecture and the entities/functional blocks that are used in the architecture. The purpose of the ISO/IEC 29182 series is to provide guidance to facilitate the design and development of se
20、nsor networks, improve interoperability of sensor networks, and make sensor network components plug-and-play, so that it becomes fairly easy to add/remove sensor nodes to/from an existing sensor network. The ISO/IEC 29182 series can be used by sensor network designers, software developers, system in
21、tegrators, and service providers to meet customer requirements, including any applicable interoperability requirements. The ISO/IEC 29182 series comprises seven parts. Brief descriptions of these parts are given next. ISO/IEC 29182-1 provides a general overview and the requirements for the sensor ne
22、twork reference architecture. ISO/IEC 29182-2 provides definitions for the terminology and vocabulary used in the reference architecture. ISO/IEC 29182-3 presents the reference architecture from various viewpoints, such as business, operational, system, technical, functional, and logical views. This
23、 part of ISO/IEC 29182 categorizes the entities comprising the reference architecture into two classes of physical and functional entities and presents models for the entities. ISO/IEC 29182-5 provides detailed information on the interfaces among various entities in the reference architecture. ISO/I
24、EC 29182-6 provides detailed information on the development of International Standardized Profiles. ISO/IEC 29182-7 provides design principles for the reference architecture that take the interoperability requirements into account. There are no requirements for compliance in the ISO/IEC 29182 series
25、. Users should ensure that the sensor nodes, and the related sensor network, are compliant with the application or deployment governing body. ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013BS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture
26、(SNRA) Part 4: Entity models 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 29182 presents models for the entities that enable sensor network applications and services according to the Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA). 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively re
27、ferenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 29182-2, Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network
28、 Reference Architecture (SNRA) Part 2: Vocabulary and terminology 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 29182-2 apply. 4 Abbreviated terms 3G 3rd Generation 4G 4th Generation GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System GPS Global Positio
29、ning System ICT Information and Communication Technology IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IP Internet Protocol IT Information Technology LBS Location-Based Services MAC Medium Access Control OSI Open Systems Interconnection PHY Physical PII Personally Identifiable Information I
30、NTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013(E) ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013(E) QoS Quality of Service RF Radio Frequency RFID Radio Frequency IDentification SCM Source Configuration Management SDP Service Discovery Protocol SNRA Sensor Network Referen
31、ce Architecture TEDS Transducer Electronic Data Sheet 5 Overview The purpose of this part of ISO/IEC 29182 is to provide basic information about and high-level models for various entities that comprise a sensor network. Entities can be roughly categorized into two classes, physical and functional. P
32、hysical entities are pieces of hardware and actual devices or components thereof that form the network, such as sensor nodes and gateways. For example, while a sensor node is a physical entity, so are any of the sensors in that node. A functional entity, on the other hand, represents a certain task
33、that may be carried out on one or more types of physical entity. For example, data acquisition and collaborative information processing are both functional entities. While the former is carried out by the sensors, the latter is done “collaboratively” by sensor nodes, service providers, and users (or
34、 their machines, to be more precise). Routing and authentication are other examples of functional entities. More often than not, functional entities are pieces of code that run on physical entities. Each entity model presented in this document is a description of the function/role of that entity. An
35、 attempt has been made to provide more detailed models for entities that are specific to sensor networks and typically not found in general-purpose communication networks. Examples of such physical entities include sensors and actuators. Similarly, more detailed models have been provided for functio
36、nal entities such as data processing, self-localization, group management/clustering, collaborative information processing, and device management. A more detailed model may include an input-output relationship for what the entity does, some features of the entity that characterize its capabilities,
37、and a taxonomy of various ways in which the entity may be implemented. Figures 1 and 2 provide an overall view of the entities modelled in this document. Figure 1 is an amalgamation of Figure 3 in ISO/IEC 29182-1 1and Figure 4 in ISO/IEC 29182-3 2 . It shows the physical entities that form a sensor
38、network and how these entities are connected to each other. The blow-up part of the figure is borrowed from ISO/IEC 29182-3 and it shows the internal structure of a sensor node. It implies that actuator(s), although associated with sensor nodes, may not physically reside in sensor nodes. The rest of
39、 the figure comes from ISO/IEC 29182-1 and it depicts a more complex instantiation of a sensor network than the other cases presented in Figures 1 and 2 in ISO/IEC 29182-1. Figure 2 is the same as Figure 7 in ISO/IEC 29182-3. It has been reproduced in this document for ease of reference.2 ISO/IEC 20
40、13 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013(E) Figure 1 Physical entities of a sensor network ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013(E) Figure 2 Functional entities of a sensor network The distinction between physical and functional entiti
41、es in a sensor network and how they relate to each other can at times be confusing. Table 1 is an attempt to remedy this problem. It shows all the physical entities a functional entity could be associated with. The word “could” has been used here, because some physical entities may not be present in
42、 a given sensor network. For example, if there are no service providers in the overall architecture, which would be the case in a stand-alone sensor network, then one cannot say that there is an association between the collaborative information processing functional entity and service providers. In
43、other words, the reader is urged to think of Table 1 as representative of certain possibilities, but not covering all possible ways of which entities might be present in the sensor network and how they might be configured.4 ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013(
44、E) Table 1 Interrelationships between physical and functional entities in a sensor networkPhysical entities Sensor nodes Gateways Other networks Service providers Users Sensors Actuators Communications module Processor Memory Power supply Access networks Backbone network Functional entities Sensor n
45、ode hardware layer Data acquisition Actuation Power generation / energy harvesting Basic func- tions layer Data processing Data communications Data storage Hardware drivers Sensor/actuator identification Service layer Common services Communications support functions Self-localization Service/resourc
46、e discovery Data management Code management Time synchronization Group management / clustering Domain specific services Application layer Applications Software agent Rules engine Collaborative information processing Cross-layer management Device management Resource management Service management Netw
47、ork management Security management Privacy management Safety management Business management QoS management System monitoring ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved 5BS ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013(E) 6 Physical entities 6.1 Sensor nodes 6.1.1 Overview As it was stated earlier and depicted in t
48、he upper part of Figure 1, a sensor node comprises several sub- entities whose models are presented next. Note that the actuator(s), if at all present, may not physically reside inside the sensor node. 6.1.2 Sensors A sensor measures a physical attribute, such as temperature, humidity, or level of carbon monoxide in the air, and converts it into an electric voltage/current. This conversion may be direct or indirect. While in the former case the attribute is directly converted into an electric voltage/current, in the latter case the a
